Zacopride
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Zacopride is a potent antagonist at the 5-HT3 receptor[1] and an agonist at the 5-HT4 receptor.[2] It has anxiolytic[3] and nootropic effects in animal models,[4] with the (R)-(+)-enantiomer being the more active form.[5] It also has antiemetic[6] and pro-respiratory effects, both reducing sleep apnea[7] and reversing opioid-induced respiratory depression in animal studies.[8] Early animal trials have also revealed that administration of zacopride can reduce preference for and consumption of ethanol.[9]
Zacopride was found to significantly increase aldosterone levels in human subjects for 180 minutes at a dose of 400 micrograms. It is thought to do this by stimulating the 5-HT4 receptors on the adrenal glands. Zacopride also stimulated aldosterone secretion when applied to human adrenal glands in vitro. No significant changes were observed in renin, ACTH, or cortisol levels.[2]
Zacopride has been tested in clinical trials for the treatment of schizophrenia, but was found unsuccessful.[10]
References
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