Yungas tody-tyrant
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The Yungas tody-tyrant (Hemitriccus spodiops) is a species of bird in the family Tyrannidae, the tyrant flycatchers.[1] It is found in Bolivia and Peru.[2]
Taxonomy and systematics
The Yungas tody-tyrant was originally described as Euscarthmus spodiops.[3] It was later variously placed in genera Idioptilon and Snethlagea; both were merged into Hemitriccus in the last half of the twentieth century.[4]
The Yungas tody-tyrant is monotypic.[1]
Description
The Yungas tody-tyrant is about Script error: No such module "convert". long and weighs Script error: No such module "convert".. The sexes have the same plumage. Adults have a dark olive-green crown with a short bushy crest. They have grayish buff lores on an otherwise olive-green face. Their back and rump are dark olive-green. Their wings and tail are dark olive green with yellowish olive ends on the coverts that show as two somewhat indistinct wing bars. Their throat and underparts are mostly grayish olive with faint whitish streaks except on the clear yellowish white belly. They have a pale yellow iris and pinkish gray to pinkish legs and feet. Their blackish bill is flattish with a wide base.[5][6]
Distribution and habitat
The Yungas tody-tyrant's range is almost entirely in western and central Bolivia and extends slightly into extreme southeastern Peru. It is found from Bolivia's western Santa Cruz Department west through Cochabamba and La Paz departments into eastern Puno Department, Peru, in the upper watershed of the Inambari River. It inhabits the Yungas biome, where it occurs at the edges of humid montane forest, in mature secondary growth along roads and in openings caused by landslides, and in stands of bamboo. In elevation it mostly ranges between Script error: No such module "convert". but occasionally reaches Script error: No such module "convert"..[5][6]
Behavior
Movement
The Yungas tody-tyrant is a year-round resident.[5]
Feeding
The Yungas tody-tyrant feeds on insects. It typically forages singly and is not known to join mixed-species feeding flocks. It feeds mostly in thick undergrowth within about Script error: No such module "convert". above the ground, using short upward sallies from a perch to glean prey from the underside of vegetation.[5]
Breeding
Nothing is known about the Yungas tody-tyrant's breeding biology.[5]
Vocalization
The Yungas tody-tyrant's song is "a harsh, rapid, descending trill" brEEeeeew"; sometimes it instead is level or rising. Its calls are "quiet tuk or bink notes".[6]
Status
The IUCN has assessed the Yungas tody-tyrant as being of Least Concern. Its population size is not known and is believed to be decreasing. No immediate threats have been identified.[7] It is considered uncommon to locally common and occurs in all of the protected areas of Yungas in Cochabamba and La Paz departments.[5]
References
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- ↑ a b Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Remsen, J. V., Jr., J. I. Areta, E. Bonaccorso, S. Claramunt, G. Del-Rio, A. Jaramillo, D. F. Lane, M. B. Robbins, F. G. Stiles, and K. J. Zimmer. Version 18 November 2024. Species Lists of Birds for South American Countries and Territories. https://www.museum.lsu.edu/~Remsen/SACCCountryLists.htm retrieved November 26, 2024
- ↑ Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".
- ↑ Remsen, J. V., Jr., J. I. Areta, E. Bonaccorso, S. Claramunt, G. Del-Rio, A. Jaramillo, D. F. Lane, M. B. Robbins, F. G. Stiles, and K. J. Zimmer. Version 18 November 2024. A classification of the bird species of South America. American Ornithological Society. https://www.museum.lsu.edu/~Remsen/SACCBaseline.htm retrieved November 26, 2024
- ↑ a b c d e f Clock, B. M. (2020). Yungas Tody-Tyrant (Hemitriccus spodiops), version 1.0. In Birds of the World (J. del Hoyo, A. Elliott, J. Sargatal, D. A. Christie, and E. de Juana, Editors). Cornell Lab of Ornithology, Ithaca, NY, USA. https://doi.org/10.2173/bow.yuttyr1.01 retrieved January 20, 2025
- ↑ a b c Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
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