Yankee-class submarine

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The Yankee class, Soviet designations Project 667A Navaga (navaga) and Project 667AU Nalim (burbot) for the basic Yankee-I, were a family of nuclear-powered ballistic missile submarines built in the Soviet Union for the Soviet Navy. In total, 34 units were built: 24 in Severodvinsk for the Northern Fleet and the remaining 10 in Komsomolsk-on-Amur for the Pacific Fleet. Two Northern Fleet units were later transferred to the Pacific.

The Yankee-class were subject to a wide variety of modifications; these ships have a different designation to the original model.

Design

The Yankee-class nuclear submarines were the first class of Soviet ballistic missile submarines (SSBN) to have thermonuclear firepower comparable with that of their American and British Polaris submarine counterparts. The Yankee class were quieter in the ocean than were their Template:Sclass2 predecessors, and had better streamlining that improved their underwater performance. The Yankee class were actually quite similar to the Polaris submarines of the U.S. Navy and the Royal Navy. These boats were all armed with 16 submarine-launched ballistic missiles (SLBM) with multiple nuclear warheads as nuclear deterrents during the Cold War, and their ballistic missiles had ranges from Template:Convert.

General characteristics (Yankee I)

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Operational history

File:Submarine Yankee I damaged.jpg
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The Yankee-class SSBNs served in the Soviet Navy in three oceans: the Atlantic Ocean, the Pacific Ocean, and the Arctic Ocean beginning in the 1960s. During the 1970s about three Yankee-class were continually on patrol in a so-called "patrol box" in the Atlantic Ocean just east of Bermuda[1] and off the US Pacific coast. This forward deployment of the SSBNs was seen to balance the presence of American, British, and French nuclear weapons kept in Western Europe and on warships (including nuclear submarines) in the surrounding Atlantic Ocean, including the Mediterranean Sea and the Eastern Atlantic.

The lead boat Script error: No such module "WPSHIPS utilities".Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". Leninets received its honorific name on 11 April 1970, two and one half years after being commissioned. One Yankee-class submarine, Script error: No such module "WPSHIPS utilities".Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters"., was lost on 6 October 1986 after an explosion and fire on board. This boat had been at sea near Bermuda, and she sank from loss of buoyancy because of flooding. Four of her sailors died before rescue ships arrived. The events surrounding the loss of this boat has continued to be controversial.

At least one other boat in this class was involved in a collision with a U.S. Navy nuclear submarine.Script error: No such module "Unsubst".

Because of their increasing age, and as negotiated in the SALT I, START I and START II treaties that reduce nuclear armaments of the United States and the Soviet Union, all boats of Yankee class were disarmed, decommissioned and sent to the nuclear ship scrapyards.

Variants

There were eight different versions of the Yankee-class submarines:

Yankee-class submarines[2]
First entered service NATO reporting name Project name and number Image Class Main payload Numbers built Notes
1967 Yankee-I 667А "Навага" File:Yankee class SSBN.svg SSBN 16 × Р-27 Зыбь 34 Baseline; first Soviet sub to carry SLBMs in hull, as opposed to the sail. Some were later disarmed and operated as SSNs; sometimes classed as SSNX
1975 Improved Yankee-I 667АУ "Налим" SSBN 16 × Р-27У 13 converted У/U for Improved (Template:Langx; Uluchshen)
1977 Yankee-II 667АМ "Навага-М" File:Yankee II class SSBN.svg SSBN 12 × Р-31 1 converted First Soviet sub to carry solid-fueled SLBMs. Subsequently theorized as emergency satellite-launcher or to strike ships in aircraft carrier battle groups
1987 Yankee Notch 667АТ "Груша" File:Yankee Notch class SSGN.svg SSGN/SSN 32-40 × РК-55 Гранат (SS-N-21 Sampson) 3 converted + 4 unfinished Lengthened by Template:Convert to Template:Cvt; 8 more torpedo tubes in waist
1989 (program cancelled) Yankee Sidecar 667М "Андромеда" File:Yankee Sidecar class SSGN.svg SSGN 12 × П-750 Метеорит (SS-NX-24 Scorpion) 1 converted Delivered as an attack sub due to missile program cancellation. Template:Cvt long, 13,650 tons full displacement
1984 Yankee Pod 667АК "Аксон-1" File:Yankee Pod class SSN.svg SSAN Towed array sonar, pod, other sensor systems 1 converted K-403 Kazan. The tailfin-pod is similar to those of the Щука- and Щука-Б SSNs
1996 Yankee Big Nose 09780 "Аксон-2" File:Yankee Big Nose class SSN.svg SSAN Towed array sonar, Irtysh-Amphora spherical sonar array 1 converted + 1 unfinished (Script error: No such module "WPSHIPS utilities".Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".) Further modified K-403 Kazan. Tail now resembles those of the 667BDRM and 949А submarines. The Irtysh-Amphora would later equip the lead boat of the Yasen class
1991 Yankee Stretch 09774/667АН File:Yankee-Stretch class SSN.svg "Research" submarine Палтус-class midget submarine 1 converted (Script error: No such module "WPSHIPS utilities".Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".) Template:Cvt long. Stated to be an oceanographic vessel, but believed to be a spy sub similar to Template:USS

In addition, Soviet/Russian classification includes the Delta-class submarines within the same family of Project 667; Deltas being Project 667B onward. Script error: No such module "labelled list hatnote".

Units

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Yankee class — significant dates
# Project Shipyard Laid down Launched Commissioned Status
Script error: No such module "WPSHIPS utilities".Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". 667A, 667AU SEVMASH, Severodvinsk 4 November 1964 11 September 1966 6 November 1967 Decommissioned 3 April 1994 for scrapping[3]
Script error: No such module "WPSHIPS utilities".Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". 667A, 667AM SEVMASH, Severodvinsk 19 September 1965 23 August 1967 30 December 1967 Decommissioned 19 April 1990 for scrapping[3]
Script error: No such module "WPSHIPS utilities".Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". 667A SEVMASH, Severodvinsk 30 December 1965 23 December 1967 3 September 1968 Decommissioned 17 July 1988 for scrapping[3]
Script error: No such module "WPSHIPS utilities".Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". 667A SEVMASH, Severodvinsk 25 February 1966 25 April 1968 26 October 1968 Decommissioned 19 April 1990 for scrapping[3]
Script error: No such module "WPSHIPS utilities".Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". 667A SEVMASH, Severodvinsk 6 June 1966 6 August 1968 27 December 1968 Decommissioned 1985 for scrapping[3]
Script error: No such module "WPSHIPS utilities".Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". 667A SEVMASH, Severodvinsk 4 November 1966 20 September 1968 30 May 1968 Decommissioned 30 May 1989 for scrapping[3]
Script error: No such module "WPSHIPS utilities".Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". 667A SEVMASH, Severodvinsk 16 December 1966 29 December 1968 6 August 1969 Decommissioned 17 July 1988 for scrapping[3]
Script error: No such module "WPSHIPS utilities".Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". 667A SEVMASH, Severodvinsk 18 March 1967 30 March 1969 27 September 1969 Decommissioned 17 July 1988 for scrapping[3]
Script error: No such module "WPSHIPS utilities".Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". 667A, 667AT SEVMASH, Severodvinsk 26 June 1967 5 June 1969 28 November 1969 Decommissioned for scrapping[3]
Script error: No such module "WPSHIPS utilities".Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". 667A, 667AT SEVMASH, Severodvinsk 8 September 1967 28 July 1969 5 December 1969 Decommissioned for scrapping[3]
Script error: No such module "WPSHIPS utilities".Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". 667A Leninskiy Komsomol Shipyard, Komsomolsk 23 February 1968 23 June 1969 24 December 1969 Decommissioned 19 April 1990 for scrapping[3]
Script error: No such module "WPSHIPS utilities".Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". 667A, 667AT SEVMASH, Severodvinsk 20 January 1968 10 September 1969 25 December 1969 Decommissioned 17 July 1988 for scrapping[3]
Script error: No such module "WPSHIPS utilities".Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". 667A, 667AN SEVMASH, Severodvinsk 25 May 1968 16 January 1970 31 August 1970 Decommissioned for scrapping[3]
Script error: No such module "WPSHIPS utilities".Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". 667A SEVMASH, Severodvinsk 29 June 1968 14 March 1970 22 September 1970 Decommissioned 17 March 1989 for scrapping[3]
Script error: No such module "WPSHIPS utilities".Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". 667A, 667M SEVMASH, Severodvinsk 12 October 1968 25 April 1970 29 October 1970 Decommissioned for scrapping[3]
Script error: No such module "WPSHIPS utilities".Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". 667A, 667AT SEVMASH, Severodvinsk 13 January 1969 7 April 1970 13 November 1970 Decommissioned for scrapping[3]
Script error: No such module "WPSHIPS utilities".Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". 667AU Leninskiy Komsomol Shipyard, Komsomolsk 23 February 1969 29 May 1970 30 November 1970 Decommissioned 17 March 1989 for scrapping[3]
Script error: No such module "WPSHIPS utilities".Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". 667A SEVMASH, Severodvinsk 17 April 1969 28 August 1970 22 December 1970 Decommissioned 19 April 1990 for scrapping[3]
Script error: No such module "WPSHIPS utilities".Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". 667AU Leninskiy Komsomol Shipyard, Komsomolsk 6 November 1969 4 August 1970 27 December 1970 Decommissioned 1 September 1990 for scrapping[3]
Script error: No such module "WPSHIPS utilities".Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". 667A, 667AK-2 SEVMASH, Severodvinsk 4 July 1969 26 September 1970 30 December 1970 Decommissioned 6 August 1987 for scrapping[3]
Script error: No such module "WPSHIPS utilities".Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". 667A, 667AK-1 SEVMASH, Severodvinsk 18 August 1969 25 March 1971 12 August 1971[3] Decommissioned for scrapping
Script error: No such module "WPSHIPS utilities".Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". 667A Leninskiy Komsomol Shipyard, Komsomolsk 26 July 1970 27 June 1971 25 November 1971 Decommissioned 19 April 1990 for scrapping [3]
Script error: No such module "WPSHIPS utilities".Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". 667AU SEVMASH, Severodvinsk 16 October 1969 9 August 1971 16 December 1971 Decommissioned 14 March 1992 for scrapping[3]
Script error: No such module "WPSHIPS utilities".Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". 667AU SEVMASH, Severodvinsk 28 May 1970 8 October 1971 31 December 1971[3] Lost 3 October 1986
Script error: No such module "WPSHIPS utilities".Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". 667A Leninskiy Komsomol Shipyard, Komsomolsk 25 December 1970 12 September 1971 31 December 1971 Decommissioned 17 March 1989 for scrapping [3]
Script error: No such module "WPSHIPS utilities".Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". 667AU SEVMASH, Severodvinsk 19 February 1970 1 September 1971 8 February 1972 Decommissioned 24 June 1991 for scrapping [3]
Script error: No such module "WPSHIPS utilities".Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". 667AU SEVMASH, Severodvinsk 4 September 1970 3 May 1972 30 September 1972 Decommissioned 3 September 1994 for scrapping [3]
Script error: No such module "WPSHIPS utilities".Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". 667AU Leninskiy Komsomol Shipyard, Komsomolsk 30 March 1971 26 May 1972 30 September 1972 Decommissioned 16 June 1991 for scrapping [3]
Script error: No such module "WPSHIPS utilities".Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". 667AU SEVMASH, Severodvinsk 24 December 1970 9 June 1972 23 October 1972 Decommissioned 16 June 1992 for scrapping [3]
Script error: No such module "WPSHIPS utilities".Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". 667AU SEVMASH, Severodvinsk 8 April 1971 1 August 1972 23 December 1972 Decommissioned 30 September 1994 for scrapping [3]
Script error: No such module "WPSHIPS utilities".Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". 667AU Leninskiy Komsomol Shipyard, Komsomolsk 7 November 1971 8 August 1972 22 January 1973 Decommissioned 17 March 1993 for scrapping [3]
Script error: No such module "WPSHIPS utilities".Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". 667AU SEVMASH, Severodvinsk 23 February 1972 29 April 1973 7 September 1971 Decommissioned 16 June 1991 for scrapping [3]
Script error: No such module "WPSHIPS utilities".Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". 667AU Leninskiy Komsomol Shipyard, Komsomolsk 7 November 1972 25 July 1973 5 December 1973 Decommissioned 14 March 1992 for scrapping [3]
Script error: No such module "WPSHIPS utilities".Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". 667AU Leninskiy Komsomol Shipyard, Komsomolsk 27 July 1973 28 July 1974 25 December 1974 Decommissioned 12 January 1995 for scrapping [3]

References

Template:Reflist

External links

Template:Yankee class submarine Template:Soviet and Russian submarines after 1945

  1. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  2. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  3. ↑ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah Korabli VMF SSSR, Vol. 1, Part 1, Yu. Apalkov, Sankt Peterburg, 2003, Template:ISBN
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