Xylosma
Template:Short description Template:Automatic taxobox
Xylosma Template:IPAc-en[1] is a genus of flowering plants in the family Salicaceae.[2] It contains around 100 species of evergreen shrubs and trees[3] commonly known as brushhollies, xylosmas, or, more ambiguously, "logwoods". The generic name is derived from the Greek words ξύλον (xylon), meaning "wood, tree", and ὀσμή (osmé), meaning "smell",[4] referring to the fragrant wood of some of the species.[3] The Takhtajan system places it in the family Flacourtiaceae,[5] which is considered defunct by the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group.[2]
Description
The leaves are alternate, simple, entire or finely toothed, Script error: No such module "convert". long. The flowers are small, yellowish, produced on racemes Script error: No such module "convert". long, usually dioecious,[6] and have a strong scent. The fruit is a small purple-black berry Script error: No such module "convert". in diameter that contains 2 to 8 seeds.[3]
Selected species
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- Xylosma bahamensis (Britton) Standl.Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
- Xylosma benthamii (Tul.) Triana & Planch.Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
- Xylosma buxifolia A.GrayScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
- Xylosma ciliatifolia (Clos) EichlerScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
- Xylosma congesta (Lour.) Merr.Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
- Xylosma crenata (H.St.John) H.St.JohnScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
- Xylosma domingensis (Urb.) M.H.AlfordScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
- Xylosma flexuosa (Kunth) Hemsl.Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
- Xylosma glaberrima SleumerScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
- Xylosma hawaiensis Seem.Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
- Xylosma intermedia (Seem.) Triana & Planch.Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
- Xylosma longifolia ClosScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
- Xylosma maidenii SleumerScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
- Xylosma orbiculata (J.R.Forst. & G.Forst.) G.Forst.Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
- Xylosma panamensis Turcz.Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
- Xylosma prockia (Turcz.) Turcz.Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
- Xylosma pseudosalzmannii SleumerScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
- Xylosma reticulata (Schltr.) PillonScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
- Xylosma serrata (Sw.) Urb.Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
- Xylosma spiculifera (Tul.) Triana & Planch.Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
- Xylosma suaveolens (J.R.Forst. & G.Forst.) G.Forst.Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
- Xylosma terrae-reginae C.T.White & SleumerScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
- Xylosma tweediana (Clos) EichlerScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
- Xylosma venosa N.E.Br.Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
Distribution
The genus is predominantly native to the tropics and subtropics,[3] from the Caribbean, Central America, northern South America, the Pacific Islands, southern Asia and northern Australasia. One species, X. congesta, is found in warm-temperate eastern Asia (China, Korea and Japan). Molecular phylogenetic analysis suggest that the genus Lasiochlamys from New Caledonia may be nested in Xylosma.[7]
Ecology
Xylosma foliage is used as food by the caterpillars of some lepidoptera, such as the rustic (Cupha erymanthis), which feeds on X. congesta (syn. X. racemosa), and the common leopard (Phalanta phalantha), which feeds on X. longifolia and X. congesta.
Uses
The main use for the genus is as hedge and topiary plants among gardeners in desert and chaparral climates. Xylosma congesta is the species usually seen in garden hedges and in road landscaping, despite the fact it bears thorns. Other species cultivated for these purposes include X. bahamensis, X. flexuosa, and X. spiculifera (syn. X. heterophylla).[3] X. longifolia is sometimes grown in India for its edible fruits.[8] In addition, a medicinal extract is made from its young leaves that acts as antispasmodic, narcotic, and sedative.[9] 15 species of the genus have reported medicinal or veterinary use.[10]
References
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- ↑ Alford, M.A (2005). Systematics Studies in Flacourtiaceae. PhD Thesis, Cornell University, 2005.
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