Xakriabá language
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Xakriabá (also called Chakriaba, Chikriaba, Shacriaba or Shicriabá)[1] is an extinct or dormant Akuwẽ (Central Jê) language (Jê, Macro-Jê) formerly spoken in Minas Gerais, Brazil by the Xakriabá people, who today speak Portuguese.[2] The language is known through two short wordlists collected by Augustin Saint-Hilaire and Wilhelm Ludwig von Eschwege.[3]Template:Rp
The last confirmed native speaker of the language died in 1864.Script error: No such module "Unsubst".
Phonology
Vowels
| Front | Central | Back | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Close | i ĩ | ɨ | u ũ |
| Mid | e ẽ | ə | o õ |
| Open-mid | ɛ | ɔ | |
| Open | a ã |
- /i/ can also be heard as [ɪ] in shortened positions.
Consonants
| Labial | Alveolar | Palatal | Velar | Glottal | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Stop | voiceless | p | t | k | ||
| voiced | b | d | ||||
| Fricative | voiceless | s | (ʃ) | h | ||
| voiced | z | (ʒ) | ||||
| Nasal | m | n | ||||
| Tap | ɾ | |||||
| Approximant | w | (j) | ||||
- Sounds [j] is heard from /i/ before other vowels or within diphthongs.
- Sounds [ʃ ʒ] are heard as allophones of /s z/.
- Sounds [tʃ dʒ ɲ] are heard as allophones of /t d n/ when palatalized before /i/.
- [ɡ] can be heard as an allophone of /k/.[4]
History
Before 1712, Xakriabá was originally spoken along the São Francisco River near São Romão, Minas Gerais[5] (Saint-Hilaire 2000: 340-341).[6] The Xakriabá were then forced to migrate after being defeated by Template:Ill and other Paulistas from 1690 onwards. In 1819, Saint-Hilaire (1975: 145)[7] noted that the Xakriabá of Triângulo Mineiro region spoke a Xerente dialect.[5]
References
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- ↑ a b Ramirez, H., Vegini, V., & França, M. C. V. de. (2015). Koropó, puri, kamakã e outras línguas do Leste Brasileiro. LIAMES: Línguas Indígenas Americanas, 15(2), 223 - 277. Script error: No such module "CS1 identifiers".
- ↑ Saint-Hilaire, Auguste de. 2000. Viagem pelas províncias do Rio de Janeiro e Minas Gerais. Belo Horizonte: Editora Itatiaia.
- ↑ Saint-Hilaire, Auguste de. 1975. Viagem à província de Goiás. Belo Horizonte: Editora Itatiaia.
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