Wolffia
Template:Short description Template:Use dmy dates Template:Automatic taxobox
Wolffia is a genus of aquatic plants with a cosmopolitan distribution.[1] They include the smallest flowering plants on Earth.[2] Commonly called watermeal or rootless duckweed,[3][4] these aquatic plants resemble specks of cornmeal floating on the water. They often float together in pairs or form floating mats with related plants, such as Lemna and Spirodela species.
Description
Wolffia are free-floating aquatic plants with fronds that are nearly spherical to cylindrical in shape and lack airspaces or veins.[1][3] They do not have roots.[1] Their rarely seen flowers originate from a cavity on the upper surface of the frond, and each flower has one stamen and one pistil.[1][3]
Although Wolffia can reproduce by seed, they usually use vegetative reproduction.[2] A mother frond has a terminal conical cavity from which it produces daughter fronds.[1]
Physiology
The growth rate of Wolffia varies within and among species. The rates of photosynthesis and respiration also vary proportionately to growth rate. The fastest growth rate (in fact, the fastest growth rate of any flowering plant) is shown by a clone of Wolffia microscopica, with a doubling time of 29.3 hours.[5]
As food
Wolffia are a potential high-protein livestock food source. One species, W. microscopica, is over 20% protein by dry weight and has high content of essential amino acids. They have historically been collected from the water and eaten as a vegetable in Asia.[6]
Species
since 2020[update]Template:Dated maintenance category (articles)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters"., eleven species are accepted on Kew's Plants of the World Online:[1]
- Wolffia angusta LandoltScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
- Wolffia arrhiza (L.) Horkel ex Wimm.Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
- Wolffia australiana (Benth.) Hartog & PlasScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
- Wolffia borealis (Engelm.) LandoltScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
- Wolffia brasiliensis Wedd.Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
- Wolffia columbiana H.Karst.Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
- Wolffia cylindracea Hegelm.Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
- Wolffia elongata LandoltScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
- Wolffia globosa (Roxb.) Hartog & PlasScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
- Wolffia microscopica (Griff.) KurzScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
- Wolffia neglecta LandoltScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
References
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External links
- The Duckweed Genome Project Template:Webarchive from Rutgers University
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- Landolt, E. (1986) Biosystematic investigations in the family of duckweeds (Lemnaceae). Vol. 2. The family of Lemnaceae - A monographic study. Part 1 of the monograph: Morphology; karyology; ecology; geographic distribution; systematic position; nomenclature; descriptions. Veröff. Geobot. Inst., Stiftung Rübel, ETH, Zurich.