Wiki143:Selected anniversaries/July 4

Images

Use only ONE image at a time

• Fireworks over the Washington Monument
  Fireworks over the Washington Monument
• Declaration of Independence by John Trumbull
  Declaration of Independence by John Trumbull
• The U.S. Declaration of Independence
  The U.S. Declaration of Independence
• The Grand Union Flag of the Thirteen Colonies in 1776
  The Grand Union Flag of the Thirteen Colonies in 1776
• A Waffen-SS Tiger I engages another tank
  A Waffen-SS Tiger I engages another tank
• Alice Liddell
  Alice Liddell
• Tempel 1, after the Deep Impact collision
  Tempel 1, after the Deep Impact collision
• Bipolar junction transistor
  Bipolar junction transistor
• Crab Nebula
  Crab Nebula

Ineligible

Blurb	Reason
1187 – Saladin defeated Guy of Lusignan, King of Jerusalem, at the Battle of Hattin and captured the True Cross.	lots of CN tags (7)
1610 – Polish–Muscovite War: The outnumbered forces of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth defeated the Tsardom of Russia at the Battle of Klushino.	single source
1802 - In West Point, New York, the United States Military Academy began operations.	featured on March 16
1855 – The first edition of Walt Whitman's Leaves of Grass was published, and it went on to become one of the most important collections of American poetry.	Expansion needed banner, multiple unreferenced statements
1892 – Western Samoa changed the International Date Line, causing Monday (July 4) to occur twice, resulting in a year with 367 days.	5 refimprove sections
1894 – The Republic of Hawaiʻi was proclaimed at Aliʻiolani Hale in Honolulu, with Sanford B. Dole as the first president.	refimprove section
1898 – The French ocean liner Template:SS collided another ship in dense fog near Sable Island and sank, resulting in 549 deaths, mostly passengers.	refimprove
1943 – World War II: Fighting began in the Battle of Kursk, the largest full-scale battle in history as well as the largest series of armoured clashes.	featured on August 23
1950 – The United States' anti-communist propaganda source Radio Free Europe made its first broadcast aimed at Czechoslovakia.	Uncited statements, expansion needed orange banner
1965 – The first Annual Reminder, a series of pickets that were some of the earliest LGBT actions in the United States, took place at Independence Hall in Philadelphia.	Uncited statements
2002 – American aviator Steve Fossett became the first person to fly solo nonstop around the world in a balloon, completing an almost 14-day trip after landing in Queensland, Australia.	refimprove section
2005 – The impactor of the NASA space probe Deep Impact collided with the comet Tempel 1, excavating interior material to study its composition.	Uncited statements
2012 – CERN announced the initial discovery of the Higgs boson elementary particle after a 40-year search for its existence.	Higgs boson: outdated; Search: refimprove section
Feast day of Saint Ulrich of Augsburg (Catholicism);	Feast date not cited
Philippe de Monte |d|1603|	Date not cited

Eligible

• 414 – Byzantine emperor Theodosius II proclaimed his elder sister Aelia Pulcheria as Augusta.
• 1054 – Chinese astronomers recorded the sudden appearance of a "guest star", later identified as the supernova that created the Crab Nebula (pictured).
• 1643 – First English Civil War: Royalist forces defeated the Parliamentarians at the Battle of Burton Bridge, securing a crossing of the River Trent for a convoy of supplies travelling with Queen Henrietta Maria.
• 1776 – In Philadelphia, the Continental Congress adopted the Declaration of Independence, announcing that the thirteen American colonies were no longer a part of the British Empire.
• 1848 – The cornerstone of the Washington Monument, made to honor inaugural president, George Washington, is laid out in Washington D.C..
• 1862 – In a boat on the River Thames from Oxford to Godstow, author Lewis Carroll told Alice Liddell (pictured) and her sisters a story that later formed the basis for his book Alice's Adventures in Wonderland.
• 1863 – American Civil War: Confederate forces failed in an attempt to recapture the Union-occupied Helena, Arkansas.
• 1941 – The Holocaust: During the German occupation of Latvia, a number of synagogues in Riga were set on fire, killing many Jews who were confined within.
• 1943 – The aircraft carrying Władysław Sikorski, prime minister of the Polish government-in-exile, crashed off Gibraltar, killing him and fifteen others and leading to several conspiracy theories.
• 1951 – William Shockley announced the invention of the junction transistor, for which he, John Bardeen, and Walter Houser Brattain later won the Nobel Prize in Physics.
• 1954 – In what is known as "The Miracle of Bern", West Germany defeated Hungary 3–2 to win the FIFA World Cup.
• 1954 – CIA officers arrived in Guatemala City to begin Operation PBHistory in an attempt to justify the overthrowing of Guatemalan president Jacobo Árbenz one week earlier.
• 1976 – Israeli forces raided Uganda's Entebbe International Airport to free hostages taken by hijackers on Air France Flight 139.
• 1982 – Four Iranian diplomats were kidnapped after they were stopped at a checkpoint in northern Lebanon by Lebanese Phalange forces; their fates remain unknown.
• 1988 – Kylie Minogue's first album, Kylie, was released, and went on to top the charts in the UK and New Zealand.
• Born/died: | Raynald of Châtillon |d|1187| Elizabeth of Portugal |d|1336| Min Phalaung |d|1593| Brian Twyne |d|1644| John Leake |b|1656| Samuel Richardson |d|1761| John Adams and Thomas Jefferson |d|1826| Mark P. Robinson |b|1852| Hubert Cecil Booth |b|1871| Jack Warhop |b|1884| Poundmaker |d|1886| Suzanne Lenglen |d|1938| Geraldo Rivera |b|1943| Sonia Pierre |b|1963| Yonatan Netanyahu |d|1976| Koko|b|1971| Victor Chang|d|1991| Barthélemy Mukenge|d|2018|

July 4: Independence Day in the United States (1776); Republic Day in the Philippines (1946); Liberation Day in Rwanda (1994) Template:Main page image/OTD

• 1837 – The Grand Junction Railway, the world's first long-distance railway with steam traction, opened between Birmingham and Newton Junction.
• 1918 – World War I: Allied forces led by the Australian general John Monash won the Battle of Hamel, demonstrating the effectiveness of combined-arms techniques in trench warfare.
• 1941 – German AB-Aktion in Poland: After capturing Lwów, the Nazis executed professors of the University of Lwów along with their families.
• 1945 – The Brazilian cruiser (pictured) was accidentally sunk by one of its own crewmen, killing more than 300 people.
• 1998 – The monster movie Pulgasari, the most-widely-seen North Korean film ever made, premiered in Tokyo, Japan.

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