Whitby Mudstone

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Template:Short description Script error: No such module "Unsubst". Template:Use British English Script error: No such module "Infobox".Script error: No such module "check for unknown parameters". The Whitby Mudstone is a Toarcian (Early Jurassic; Falciferum-Bifrons in regional chronostratigraphy) geological formation in Yorkshire and Worcestershire, England.[1] The formation, part of the Lias Group, is present in the Cleveland and Worcester Basins and the East Midlands Shelf.

Lithology

The formation consists of mudstone and siltstone, partly laminated and bituminous, medium to dark grey in colour, with rare fine grained calcareous sandstone beds. Limestone and phosphatic nodules are present at some levels.[2]

Fossil content

Dinosaur remains are among the fossils that have been recovered from the formation, although none have yet been referred to a specific genus.[3][4] One of the more notable discoveries is the skull of the pterosaur Parapsicephalus, found within the Alum ShaleTemplate:Refn Member.[5]

Vertebrates

Vertebrates of the Whitby Mudstone Formation
Genus Species Location Stratigraphic position Abundance Notes Images
cf. Campylognathoides Indeterminate Winterton Falciferum Zone NHMUK PV R 36712, Humerus[6] A pterosaur
Gyrosteus G. mirabilis Whitby Multiple partial skeletons[7] A large chondrosteid acipenseriform fish
Hauffiosaurus H. longirostris Whitby-Saltwick Falciferum Zone MCZ 1033, a skeleton A Pliosaurid
Microcleidus M. homalospondylus Whitby Upper Alum Shale, Hildoceras bifrons Zone Multiple partial skeletons Microcleidid plesiosaur File:Microcleidus homalospondylus.JPG
Macrospondylus M. bollensis Harpoceras serpentinum Zone Several partial skeletons Teleosaurid
Mystriosaurus M. laurillardi Whitby Skull and lower jaws[8] Teleosaurid, formerly considered to be the holotype of "Steneosaurus" brevior
File:Mystriosaurus assigned specimen.jpg
Parapsicephalus P. purdoni Loftus Alum Shale Quarry, Saltwick Bay (referred material) Upper Alum Shale Member Single partial skull lacking the snout (GSM 3166), tentantive referral of a humerus and scapulocoracoid (NHMUK PV R36634).[9] A Rhamphorhynchid pterosaur
File:Parapsicephalus horizontal.jpg
Pelagosaurus P. typus Whitby Alum Shale Thalattosuchian
Rhomaleosaurus R. thorntoni Kingsthorpe Hollow Upper NHMUK PV Rr4853, a single mostly complete skeleton A Rhomaleosaurid
File:Pliosaur, Rhomaleosaurus camptoni, Natural History Museum, London.JPG
Rhomaleosaurus cramptoni holotype cast
R. zetlandicus Loftus (also Lofthouse) Alum Mine Alum Shale Member YORYM G503, a partial skeleton[10]
R. cramptoni Alum quarry, Kettleness NMING F8785, a partial skeleton
Plagiophthalmosuchus P. gracilirostris Whitby Teleosaurid
File:Plagiophthalmosuchus.png
Temnodontosaurus[11] Temodontosaurus sp. Oakham Full skeleton Ichthyosaur
?Theropoda Indeterminate Femur, currently lost[12]
Tetanurae Indeterminate Incomplete anterior dorsal vertebra[13] Originally referred to Streptospondylus cuvieri.

Insects

Insect compression fossils are known from nodules found on Alderton Hill near Alderton and Dumbleton in Gloucestershire, including Alderton Hill Quarry and other nearby localities.[14]

See also

Notes and references

Notes

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References

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  1. ↑ Whitby Mudstone at Fossilworks.org
  2. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  3. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  4. ↑ Weishampel et al., 2004, pp. 517-607
  5. ↑ O'Sullivan & Martill, 2017
  6. ↑ Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".
  7. ↑ Woodward, A. S. (1889). On the paleontology of sturgeons. Proceedings of the Geologists' Association, 11(1), 24-32.
  8. ↑ Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".
  9. ↑ Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".
  10. ↑ Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".
  11. ↑ Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".
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  14. ↑ Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".

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Bibliography

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Further reading

  • M. O'Sullivan, D. M. Martill, and D. Groocock. 2013. A pterosaur humerus and scapulocoracoid from the Jurassic Whitby Mudstone Formation, and the evolution of large body size in early pterosaurs. Proceedings of the Geologists' Association
  • A. S. Smith and G. J. Dyke. 2008. The skull of the giant predatory pliosaur Rhomaleosaurus cramptoni: implications for plesiosaur phylogenetics. Naturwissenschaften 95:975-980
  • M. J. Benton and M. A. Taylor. 1984. Marine reptiles from the Upper Lias (Lower Toarcian, Lower Jurassic) of the Yorkshire coast. Proceedings of the Yorkshire Geological Society 44(4):399-429
  • F. v. Huene. 1926. The carnivorous Saurischia in the Jura and Cretaceous formations, principally in Europe. Revista del Museo de La Plata 29:35-167
  • C. W. Andrews. 1922. Note on the skeleton of a large plesiosaur (Rhomaleosaurus thorntoni, sp. n) from the Upper Lias of Northamptonshire. Annals and Magazine of Natural History 10:407-415
  • R. Tate and J. F. Blake. 1876. The Yorkshire Lias 1-475
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