Weimar National Assembly

Template:Short description The Weimar National Assembly (German: ), officially the German National Constitutional Assembly (), was the popularly elected constitutional convention and de facto parliament of Germany from 6 February 1919 to 21 May 1920. As part of its duties as the interim government, it debated and reluctantly approved the Treaty of Versailles that codified the peace terms between Germany and the victorious Allies of World War I. The Assembly drew up and approved the Weimar Constitution that was in force from 1919 to 1933 (and technically until the end of Nazi rule in 1945). With its work completed, the National Assembly was dissolved on 21 May 1920. Following the election of 6 June 1920, the new Reichstag met for the first time on 24 June 1920, taking the place of the Assembly.

Because the National Assembly convened in Weimar rather than in politically restive Berlin, the period in German history became known as the Weimar Republic.

Background

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Friedrich Ebert

At the end of World War I, following the outbreak of the German Revolution of 1918–1919, state power lay with the Council of the People's Deputies. It was formed on 10 November by revolutionary workers' and soldiers' councils in Berlin and headed by Friedrich Ebert of the Social Democratic Party (SPD). He had been appointed German chancellor on 9 November by Maximilian von Baden, the last chancellor under the German Empire. Both von Baden and the Social Democrats called for the speedy election of a National Assembly to establish a new government for Germany. The Council decided on 30 November to hold the election on 19 January 1919. On 19 December the Reich Congress of Workers' and Soldiers' Councils also approved the decree by a clear majority.

Because of the Spartacist uprising, a general strike and the accompanying armed struggles that roiled the Reich capital from 5 to 12 January 1919, it was agreed that the National Assembly should not initially meet in Berlin. Four possible locations – Bayreuth, Nuremberg, Jena and Weimar – were considered. Friedrich Ebert favored Weimar because he wanted the victorious Allies to be reminded of Weimar Classicism, which included the writers Goethe and Schiller, while they were deliberating the terms of the peace treaty.  On 14 January 1919 the choice fell to Weimar.

Elections

The elections for the National Assembly were the first held in Germany after the introduction of women's suffrage and the lowering of the legal voting age from 25 to 20 years. Together the changes raised the number of eligible voters by around 20 million. The turnout was 83%, a slightly lower percentage than in the last Reichstag elections in 1912, but a much greater absolute turnout due to the expanded suffrage. Among women the turnout was 90%. The Communist Party of Germany (KPD), founded in December 1918, boycotted the elections.

The election for the National Assembly resulted in the SPD receiving the most votes at 38%, followed by the Catholic Centre Party (which in this election ran as the Christian People's Party) with 20%, the liberal German Democratic Party (DDP) 19%, the national-conservative German National People's Party (DNVP) 10% and the more leftist and antiwar breakaway from the SPD, the Independent Social Democratic Party (USPD), 8%. Numerous small parties made up the remainder. Out of a total of 416 delegates 36 were women, although this increased to 41 during the term of the Assembly. If the latter number is taken, at 10% women, the Weimar National Assembly was one of the most female parliaments of its time.

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Results of election to the National Assembly by district

On 10 February the Assembly passed the "Law on Provisional Reich Power" () to go into effect the following day. It regulated the government's powers during the transitional phase from the German Empire to the Weimar Republic. The National Assembly was to adopt a constitution and "urgently needed" Reich laws, thus allowing it to act as an interim parliament. A States' Committee served in the place of the later Reichsrat to represent the interests of the German states. The "business of the Reich" was to be conducted by a Reich president. His function was somewhat like that of the former emperor but with the restrictions that had been made to the constitution in October 1918, notably that war and peace were to be decided by Reich law, not by the head of state. The ministers appointed by the Reich president required the confidence of the National Assembly.

Assembly as provisional parliament

The National Assembly convened at the German National Theater in Weimar on 6 February 1919. It elected the SPD politician Eduard David as its president, but because of an inter-party agreement he stepped down after just four days. On 14 February 1919 the National Assembly elected Constantin Fehrenbach, a Centre Party deputy and former vice president, as his successor.

On 11 February the National Assembly elected the previous head of government, Friedrich Ebert (SPD), as provisional Reich president. He asked Philipp Scheidemann of the SPD to form a government. The three party coalition of the SPD, the Centre Party and the DDP that he brought together in the Scheidemann cabinet came to be known as the Weimar Coalition.

Discussion of the Treaty of Versailles

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Philipp Scheidemann

On 12 May 1919 the National Assembly met in Berlin for the first time. There it heard and then debated a statement by Minister President Philipp Scheidemann on the peace terms of the Versailles Treaty. In his speech Scheidemann, to great applause from all parties, called the Entente Powers' terms a "dictated" or "enforced" peace () intended to strangle the German people. The territorial, economic and political demands would deprive Germany of the air to breathe. The conditions were unacceptable, he said, and were in stark contrast to the assurances given by U.S. President Woodrow Wilson. The Reich government could not agree to the conditions and would make counterproposals based on Wilson's 14-point program. Prussian Minister President Paul Hirsch assured the Reich government of full support on behalf of the constituent states of the German Reich and also sharply criticized the Entente's conditions. Speakers from all parties, from the USPD to the DNVP, also declared the Entente's demands unacceptable. The chairman of the liberal German People's Party (DVP) and later Reich Foreign Minister Gustav Stresemann described the peace terms of the victorious powers as "an outpouring of political sadism". Only Hugo Haase, chairman of the USPD, combined his rejection of the Entente's demands with sharp attacks on the Reich government, accusing it of having caused the current situation in the first place through its policy of enforcing a truce between political parties () during the war.

Following the Entente's rejection of its counterproposals, the Scheidemann cabinet resigned on 20 June 1919 because it was unwilling to give its assent to the Treaty of Versailles. The new Minister President, Gustav Bauer (SPD), who headed a government of the SPD and the Centre, promoted the signing of the treaty but continued to criticize individual provisions, especially those concerning the extradition of Germans to the Entente and the imposition of war guilt on Germany alone. He combined his call for approval with the comment that it would be impossible for the German Reich to fulfill all the economic conditions of the treaty and regretted that it had not been possible to extract further concessions from the Entente.

Initial vote in favor

Speakers from the SPD and the Centre, Paul Löbe and Adolf Gröber, also condemned the treaty. They objected in particular to the statement in the Entente draft treaty that Germany was solely to blame for the war. On behalf of their parliamentary groups, however, they spoke in favor of acceptance, since the only alternative was the resumption of hostilities, which would lead to even worse consequences. Eugen Schiffer, the former Reich Finance Minister, spoke on behalf of the majority of German Democratic Party deputies against accepting the treaty. He reminded the two governing parties of Philipp Scheidemann's 12 May warning that the hand that signed the treaty would wither. He did not see that the situation had changed since then. The DNVP and DVP were also strongly opposed to the treaty. The USPD was the only opposition party to endorse its acceptance. Hugo Haase called the issue at stake a terrible dilemma for the National Assembly. Although he too sharply criticized the treaty, he pointed out, as had the representatives of the governing parties, the consequences if the treaty were rejected.

In a 22 June roll call, 237 deputies voted in favor of signing the peace treaty, 138 against, and five abstained. Of the major parties, the SPD, Centre and USPD approved, while the DDP, DNVP and DVP rejected the treaty, on both sides by large majorities of the delegates.

The Reich government informed the Entente the same day that it would sign the treaty but with reservations as to the provisions on war guilt and the extradition of Germans to the victorious countries. French Prime Minister Georges Clemenceau replied that evening on behalf of the Allied Powers that the treaty could only be accepted or rejected in its entirety.

Second vote following allied ultimatum

At the meeting of the National Assembly on 23 June, Minister President Bauer informed the plenum of the Entente's position and stated that the government no longer had a choice; it had to sign the treaty:

Let us sign, that is the proposal I have to make to you on behalf of the entire cabinet. The reasons that compel us to make the proposal are the same as yesterday, only now we are separated by a period of barely four hours before the resumption of hostilities. We could not justify a new war even if we had weapons. We are defenseless, but without defense does not mean without honor (). Certainly, our enemies want to take away our honor, there is no doubt about that, but that this attempt at cutting away our honor will one day fall back on the originators, that it is not our honor that will perish in this world tragedy, that is my belief until my last breath.

Eugen Schiffer (DDP) and Rudolf Heinze (DVP), whose parties had rejected the treaty the day before, explicitly stated in their speeches that the supporters of the treaty would act exclusively out of "patriotic sentiment and conviction" (Schiffer), even if they had different opinions about the right path forward. The DNVP speaker Georg Schultz, however, did not make his opinion on the issue clear.

Ratification of the treaty through the "Law on the Conclusion of Peace between Germany and the Allied and Associated Powers" () finally took place on 9 July 1919 with results similar to the 22 June vote. The only exception was that the majority of the deputies of the Bavarian Peasants' League, who had abstained from the first vote, now approved the ratification law.

In part as a response to the treaty, and particularly Article 231 that assigned sole responsibility for the war to Germany, the Assembly established an inquiry into guilt for the war on 20 August 1919. Its four subcommittees were tasked with examining the causes of the war, what brought about its loss, what missed opportunities for peace had presented themselves, and if international laws had been broken. The inquiry continued for thirteen years, until the Nazi Party victory in the election of July 1932. The inquiry's findings were hampered by lack of cooperation from both the government and the military and were in general watered down and deflected blame away from Germany.

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Hugo Preuß

Constitutional deliberations

On 15 November 1918 Friedrich Ebert had appointed Hugo Preuß to the Reich Office of the Interior and charged him with drafting a Reich constitution. Preuß, a teacher of constitutional law and one of the founders of the German Democratic Party, based his draft of the Weimar Constitution in large part on the Frankfurt Constitution of 1849 which was written after the German revolutions of 1848–1849 and intended for a unified Germany that did not come to pass at the time. He was influenced as well by Robert Redslob's theory of parliamentarianism, which called for a balance between the executive and legislative branches under either a monarch or the people as sovereign. After the National Assembly was seated, Preuß became a member of the constitutional committee, which was chaired by the Assembly's vice president, Conrad Haußmann of the DDP. Preuß later became known as the father of the Weimar Constitution.

During July of 1919, the Assembly moved quickly through the draft constitution with most debates concluded within a single session. On 31 July the Assembly passed the revised committee proposal for the constitution by a vote of 262 to 75, with USPD, DNVP and DVP against.

Key topics of debate were as follows:

Date	Topic	Decision
2 July	National name	'Deutsches Reich'
	National structure	Retain federal states
	Flag and colors	Black-red-gold
4 July	Reich president	Adopted a semi-presidential system with power divided between president, cabinet and parliament. The president was to rule in conjunction with the Reichstag. Emergency powers to be used only in exceptional circumstances.
7 July	Reich administration	Germany unified as an economic territory; legislative responsibility for tax law to be with the Reich. Unified postal and railroad systems
10 July	Justice	Established a system of administrative courts and a high or constitutional court. Restricted military jurisdiction to wartime. Independence of courts incorporated into the constitution.
11 July	Fundamental rights	Constitution to include expanded list of fundamental rights as in draft version.
15 July	Equality of the sexes	Adopted what became Article 109: "(1) All Germans are equal before the law. Men and women shall fundamentally have the same civic rights and duties. (2) Public and legal privileges or disadvantages of birth or status shall be abolished."
16 July	Death penalty	Rejected draft constitution's proposal to abolish the death penalty.
	Censorship	Guaranteed freedom of expression in speech, print, or “pictorially”. Censorship forbidden except in “cinematographs”, “indecent and obscene literature”, and for “protection of youth”.
	Illegitimacy	Illegitimate children to have the same rights as legitimate.
17 July	Right to assemble	Guaranteed right to assemble peaceably without any special permission needed.
	Church and state	Guaranteed freedom of religion and separation of church and state.
18 July	Education	Universal public education ensured to age 18.
21 July	Economic Life	Right to property, patent protection, and unionization guaranteed.

Miscellaneous

On 13 January 1920, while the National Assembly was negotiating the Works Councils Act, which created an obligation for companies with twenty or more employees to have works councils, a demonstration against the law took place in front of the Reichstag building. The left-wing opposition parties USPD and Communist Party, among others, had called for the demonstration because they felt the councils would lack sufficient worker representation. About 100,000 people gathered for the demonstration. Prussian security police fired into the crowd leaving 42 people dead and over 100 wounded. The Reichstag Bloodbath was the deadliest demonstration in German history.

Beginning on 30 September 1919, the National Assembly met in the renovated Reichstag building in Berlin. During the Kapp Putsch it briefly moved to Stuttgart and met there on 18 March 1920.

The National Assembly dissolved on 21 May 1920. After the Reichstag election on 6 June 1920, the Republic's first Reichstag took the place of the National Assembly.

Summary of important events and decisions

• 6 February 1919 – Friedrich Ebert, as chairman of the Council of the People's Deputies, opened the first session of the National Assembly.
• 10 February 1919 – Against the votes of the USPD, the Assembly passed the "Law on Provisional Reich Power" (). It designated the Assembly itself as the legislative power and set up the position of Reich president, who was to be in charge of "the Reich's government affairs". A States' Committee was to be created to represent Germany's constituent states.
• 11 February 1919 – Friedrich Ebert was elected provisional Reich president. He asked Philipp Scheidemann to form a government.
• 13 February 1919 –Scheidemann formed a government based on the Weimar Coalition.
• 14 February 1919 – Constantin Fehrenbach (Centre Party) was elected president of the National Assembly.
• 27 February 1919 – The Assembly passed a law setting up a provisional military in accordance with the terms of the Armistice. By 1921 the armed forces were to be transformed into a professional army without conscripts. The number of land troops was to be cut from 800,000 to 100,000.
• 4 March 1919 – The Assembly passed a law clarifying the position of imperial laws and those passed by the Council of the People's Deputies.
• 12 May 1919 – The National Assembly met for a protest rally against the Treaty of Versailles. Philipp Scheidemann called it "unacceptable".
• 20/21 June 1919 – The Scheidemann government resigned. The next day Gustav Bauer (SPD) formed a new government.
• 22 June 1919 – With the approval of the Assembly, the new government declared itself ready to accept the Treaty of Versailles if the admission of Germany's sole responsibility for the war were dropped.
• 3 July 1919 – The Assembly accepted the new national colors.
• 7 July 1919 – Finance minister Matthias Erzberger (Centre Party) presented his fiscal reforms including the introduction of the first German income tax and fiscal burden sharing.
• 9 July 1919 – The Assembly ratified the Treaty of Versailles and the regulatory statutes about the military occupation of the Rhineland.
• 31 July 1919 – The Assembly passed the Weimar Constitution with 262 delegates voting for and 75 (USPD, DNVP and DVP) against.
• 11 August 1919 – Reich President Ebert signed the constitution. It came into force on 14 August 1919. Final meeting of the Assembly in Weimar.
• 30 September 1919 – First meeting of the Assembly at Berlin, after law and order were deemed to have been restored in the capital.
• 17 December 1919 – The Assembly passed a law that called for a one-off wealth tax to pay for the national debt.
• 18 January 1920 – The Assembly passed the law on workers' councils.
• 13 March 1920 – The Assembly left Berlin as a result of the Kapp Putsch. It returned from Stuttgart seven days later.
• 25/26 March 1920 – The government of Chancellor Gustav Bauer resigned. The next day President Ebert asked Hermann Müller (SPD) to form a new government.
• 8 May 1920 – A law came into force establishing a security zone around parliamentary buildings in which demonstrations were not allowed.
• 12 May 1920 – A law that was the basis for movie censorship came into force.
• 20 May 1920 – Supported by the SPD, the majority of the Assembly called on the government to end the state of emergency in all of Germany. The government refused.
• 21 May 1920 – The National Assembly dissolved. After the Reichstag election on 6 June 1920, the Republic's first Reichstag took the place of the National Assembly.

Presidents of the Weimar National Assembly

Name	Party		Entered Office	Left Office
Eduard David		7 February 1919	13 February 1919
Conrad Haußmann (acting)			13 February 1919	14 February 1919
Constantin Fehrenbach		14 February 1919	21 June 1920

Members

Member	Party		Constituency	Notes
Bruno Ablaß		11 (Liegnitz)
Karl Aderhold			Entered on 1 March 1919 as a replacement for August Merges
Lore Agnes		25 (Düsseldorf-Ost)
Joseph Allekotte		21 (Coblenz-Trier)
Ludwig Alpers		37 (Bremen-Hamburg-Stade)
Josef Andre		31/32 (Württemberg)
Albert Arnstadt		36 (Thuringia)
Julius Aßmann		8 (Posen)
Jacob Astor		21 (Coblenz-Trier)
Erhard Auer		24 (Oberbayern-Schwaben)
Benedikt Bachmeier			Entered on 24 February 1919 as a replacement for Wilhelm Männer
Paul Bader		12 (Magdeburg)
Max Baerecke		2 (Westpreußen)
Moritz Baerwald		8 (Posen)	Died on 26 December 1919
Gertrud Bäumer		36 (Thuringia)
Max Bahr		6 (Frankfurt (Oder))
Franz Bartschat		1 (Ostpreußen)
August Baudert		36 (Thuringia)
Gustav Bauer		9 (Breslau)
Marie Baum		14 (Schleswig-Holstein)
Eduard Baumer			Entered on 26 February 1920 as a replacement for Eugen Taucher
Johannes Becker		20 (Westfalen-Süd)
Johann Becker		34 (Hessen-Darmstadt)
Josef Becker		19 (Hessen-Nassau)
Roman Becker		10 (Oppeln)
Margarete Behm		7 (Pommern)
Marie Behncke			Entered on 7 August 1919 as a replacement for August Jordan
Franz Behrens		1 (Ostpreußen)
Hermann Beims		12 (Magdeburg)
Johannes Bell		23 (Düsseldorf-West)
Ferdinand Bender		12 (Magdeburg)
Theodor Bergmann		23 (Düsseldorf-West)
Karl Bethke			Entered on 12 May 1919 as a replacement for Wilhelm Buck
August Beuermann		8 (Posen)
Konrad Beyerle		29 (Franken)	Joined BVP on 6 January 1920
Anton Bias		10 (Oppeln)
Franz Biener		30 (Chemnitz-Zwickau)
Albert Billian			Entered on 13 January 1920 as a replacement for Heinrich Kürbis
Jakob Binder
Joseph Bitta		10 (Oppeln)
Lorenz Blank
Anna Blos
Johannes Blum		26 (Düsseldorf-West)
Andreas Blunck		14 (Schleswig-Holstein)
Wilhelm Bock		13 (Thuringia)
Karl Böhme		11 (Magdeburg)
Wilhelm Böhmert
Friedrich Börschmann
Minna Bollmann
Eugen Bolz		34 (Württemberg)
Otto Brass		25 (Düsseldorf-Ost)
Otto Braun		26 (Düsseldorf-West)
Adolf Braun		29 (Franken)
Heinrich Brauns		Reichswahlvorschlag
Otto von Brentano di Tremezzo		22 (Hessen-Darmstadt)
August Brey		18 (Süd-Hannover-Braunschweig)
Alfred Brodauf		33 (Chemnitz-Zwickau)
Elisabeth Brönner		1 (Ostpreußen)
Arno Bruchardt		Reichswahlvorschlag
Hermann Bruckhoff
Paul Brühl		4 (Potsdam I)
Friedrich Brühne
Wilhelm Bruhn		5 (Frankfurt (Oder))
Wilhelm Buck		31 (Dresden-Bautzen)	Resigned on 11 April 1919
Ewald Budde
Michael Burgau
Eduard Burlage		16 (Weser-Ems)
Oskar Cohn
Hermann Colshorn		18 (Süd-Hannover-Braunschweig)	Elected on a joint list with the Centre Party
Eduard David		22 (Hessen-Darmstadt)
Georg Davidsohn
Kurt Deglerk		8 (Breslau)
Karl Deichmann
Clemens von Delbrück		Reichswahlvorschlag	Died on 18 December 1921
Carl Delius		12 (Merseburg)
Bernhard Dernburg		3 (Potsdam II)
Hermann Dietrich		35 (Baden)	Resigned on 12 April 1919
Hermann Dietrich		Reichswahlvorschlag
Karl Dietrich
Carl Diez		35 (Baden)
Theodor Dirr
Wilhelm Dittmann		11 (Magdeburg)
Alexander Graf zu Dohna-Schlodien		1 (Ostpreußen)
Hedwig Dransfeld		Reichswahlvorschlag
Ernst Dröner
Adelbert Düringer		35 (Baden)
Wilhelm Dusche		18 (Süd-Hannover-Braunschweig)
Bernhard Düwell		12 (Merseburg)
Friedrich Ebert			Resigned on 11 February 1919
Hermann Eger			Entered on 19 November 1919 as a replacement for Adolf Gröber
Franz Ehrhardt		10 (Oppeln)
Emil Eichhorn		2 (Berlin)
Wilhelmine Eichler		13 (Thuringia)
Georg Eisenberger		27 (Oberbayern-Schwaben)
Elise Ekke
Paul Ende			Entered on 22 June 1919 as a replacement for Oscar Günther
Fritz Endres
Emil Engelhard			Resigned on 3 October 1919
Anton Erkelenz		25 (Düsseldorf-Ost)
Eugen Ernst
Joseph Ersing		35 (Baden)
Matthias Erzberger		34 (Württemberg)
Bernhard Falk
Wilhelm Farwick
Constantin Fehrenbach		35 (Baden)
Jan Fegter			Entered on 20 November 1919 as a replacement for Theodor Tantzen
Franz Feldmann		8 (Breslau)
Otto Fischbeck
Gustav Fischer		18 (Süd-Hannover-Braunschweig)
Richard Fischer		2 (Berlin)
Paul Fleischer		1 (Ostpreußen)
Wilhelm Frank			Entered on 9 March 1920 as a replacement for Richard Müller
Richard Franke
Wilhelm Frerker
Karl Frohme		14 (Schleswig-Holstein)
Karl Gandorfer
Karl Gebhart		30 (Pfalz)
Oskar Geck		35 (Baden)
Julius Gehl
Liborius Gerstenberger		29 (Franken)
Curt Geyer		Reichswahlvorschlag
Friedrich Geyer		32 (Leipzig)
Karl Giebel		5 (Frankfurt (Oder))
Anna von Gierke
Johannes Giesberts		25 (Düsseldorf-Ost)
Anton Gilsing
Emil Girbig		9 (Liegnitz)
Wilhelm Gleichauf
Heinrich Gölzer
Georg Gothein		8 (Breslau)
Georg Gradnauer		Reichswahlvorschlag	Resigned on 10 April 1919
Albrecht von Graefe		7 (Mecklenburg)
Adolf Gröber			Died on 19 November 1919
Martin Gruber		27 (Oberbayern-Schwaben)
Helene Grünberg			Entered on 21 November 1919 as a replacement for Josef Simon
Wilhelm Grünewald
August Grunau
Oscar Günther			Resigned on 1 June 1919
Magnus Haack			Resigned on 19 August 1919
Ludwig Haas		35 (Baden)
Hugo Haase			Died on 7 November 1919
August Josef Hagemann		16 (Weser-Ems)
August Hampe		Brunswick State Electoral Association
Heinrich Hansmann		20 (Westfalen-Süd)
Gustav Hartmann
Rudolf Hartmann		10 (Oppeln)
Ludwig Hasenzahl
Frieda Hauke		10 (Oppeln)
Conrad Haußmann		34 (Württemberg)
Benedikt Hebel			Resigned on 24 February 1920
Werner Heidsieck			Entered on 17 January 1920 as a replacement for Moritz Baerwald
Wilhelm Heile		18 (Süd-Hannover-Braunschweig)
Georg Heim		28 (Niederbayern-Oberpfalz)	Joined BVP on 9 January 1920
Hugo Heimann		2 (Berlin)
Wolfgang Heine
Rudolf Heinze		31 (Dresden-Bautzen)
August Hellmann		15 (Hamburg)
Alfred Henke		16 (Weser-Ems)
Konrad Henrich
Karl Hense
Richard Herbst			Entered on 20 November 1919 as a replacement for Hugo Haase
Karl Hermann		34 (Württemberg)
Carl Herold		19 (Westfalen-Nord)
Alfred Herrmann
Hans Herschel		10 (Oppeln)
Fritz Hesse
Michael Hierl
Karl Hildenbrand		34 (Württemberg)
Franz Hitze		Reichswahlvorschlag
Gustav Hoch		21 (Hessen-Nassau)
Else Höfs
Otto Hörsing
Johannes Hoffmann		30 (Pfalz)
Arthur Hofmann		13 (Thuringia)
Hermann Hofmann		30 (Pfalz)
Peter Holl
Franz Holzapfel			Entered on 30 September 1919 as a replacement for Magnus Haack
Otto Hue		20 (Westfalen-Süd)
Anna Hübler
Paul Hug			Resigned on 22 May 1919
Alfred Hugenberg		19 (Westfalen-Nord)
Otto Hugo		19 (Westfalen-Nord)
Heinrich Imbusch		20 (Westfalen-Süd)
Martin Irl			Joined BVP on 9 January 1920
Heinrich Jäcker		25 (Düsseldorf-Ost)
Willy Jandrey		6 (Pommern)
Alfred Janschek		19 (Westfalen-Nord)
Viktor Jantzen
Heinrich Jasper
Josef Jaud		27 (Oberbayern-Schwaben)
Philipp Johannsen			Entered on 1 August 1919 as a replacement for Detlef Thomsen
Joseph Joos		23 (Köln-Aachen)
August Jordan			Entered on 22 May 1919 as a replacement for Paul Hug, resigned on 5 July 1919
Marie Juchacz		4 (Potsdam I)
Max Jungnickel
Ludwig Kaas		24 (Coblenz-Trier)
Wilhelm Kahl		2 (Berlin)
Wilhelmine Kähler		1 (Ostpreußen)
Hermann Käppler		13 (Thuringia)
Hermann Kahmann		31 (Dresden-Bautzen)
Franz Kaufmann
Simon Katzenstein
Wilhelm Keil		34 (Württemberg)
Adolf Kempkes		25 (Düsseldorf-Ost)
Gottlieb Kenngott
Andreas Kerschbaum		29 (Franken)
Katharina Kloss
Friedrich Knollmann			Died on 16 April 1920
Christian Koch
Johann Koch		Reichswahlvorschlag
Wilhelm Koch		25 (Düsseldorf-Ost)
William Karl Koch
Erich Koch-Weser		16 (Weser-Ems)
Franz Heinrich Költzsch
Wilhelm Koenen		12 (Merseburg)
Max König		20 (Westfalen-Süd)
Alwin Körsten		6 (Pommern)
Bartholomäus Koßmann
Theodor Kotzur		1 (Ostpreußen)
Hermann Krätzig		31 (Dresden-Bautzen)
Heinrich von Kraut
Karl Kreft
Franz Kreutz
Wilhelm Kröger		7 (Mecklenburg)	Entered on 25 July 1919 as a replacement for Franz Starosson
Peter Kronen
Franz Krüger
Hans Krüger
Josef Kubetzko		10 (Oppeln)	Resigned on 12 July 1919
Wilhelm Külz			Entered on 20 January 1920 as a replacement for Emil Nitzschke
Heinrich Kürbis			Resigned on 2 December 1919
Bernhard Kuhnt		33 (Chemnitz-Zwickau)
Fritz Kunert		12 (Merseburg)
Alexander Kuntze		6 (Pommern)
Bruno Kurowski
Hedwig Kurt			Entered on 10 April 1919 as a replacement for Georg Gradnauer
Otto Landsberg
Christian Ritter von Langheinrich			Resigned on 21 April 1919
Heinrich Langwost		18 (Süd-Hannover-Braunschweig)	Elected on a joint list with the Centre Party
Wilhelm Lattmann			Entered on 24 October 1919 as a replacement for Karl Veidt
Gustav Laukant
Wilhelm Laverrenz		2 (Berlin)
Peter Legendre
Carl Legien		14 (Schleswig-Holstein)	Died on 26 December 1920
Johann Leicht		29 (Franken)	Joined BVP in January 1922
Gottfried Leiser			Entered on 24 October 1919 as a replacement for Emil Engelhard
Felix Lensing
Friedrich Lesche		17 (Ost-Hannover)
Hans Liebig
Julius Lippmann
Paul Lockenvitz
Paul Löbe		8 (Breslau)
Gertrud Lodahl			Entered on 12 February 1919 as a replacement for Paul Stössel
Heinrich Löffler		10 (Oppeln)
Josef Lübbring		1 (Ostpreußen)
Marie-Elisabeth Lüders		Reichswahlvorschlag	Entered on 24 August 1919 as a replacement for Friedrich Naumann
Frida Lührs
August Lüttich
Friedrich Max Ludewig
Hermann Luppe
Ernestine Lutze
Wilhelm Männer			Resigned in February 1919
Gustav Malkewitz		6 (Pommern)
Oskar Maretzky		4 (Potsdam I)
Wilhelm Marx		25 (Düsseldorf-Ost)
Georg Mauerer			Entered on 2 February 1919 as a replacement for Alwin Saenger
Joseph Mausbach
Wilhelm Maxen		18 (Süd-Hannover-Braunschweig)
Template:Ill		27 (Oberbayern-Schwaben)	Joined BVP on 9 January 1920, resigned on 17 February 1920
Johannes Meerfeld		23 (Köln-Aachen)
Richard Meier		33 (Chemnitz-Zwickau)
Christian Meisner			Entered in Mai 1919 as a replacement for Christian Ritter von Langheinrich
Clara Mende		Reichswahlvorschlag
Wilhelm Merck		Reichswahlvorschlag	Entered in February 1920 as a replacement for Benedikt Hebel
August Merges			Resigned on 28 February 1919
Peter Michelsen		14 (Schleswig-Holstein)
Fritz Mittelmann		6 (Pommern)
Hermann Molkenbuhr		33 (Chemnitz-Zwickau)
Albrecht Morath		Reichswahlvorschlag
Julius Moses		2 (Berlin)
Otto Most		26 (Düsseldorf-West)
Hermann Müller		29 (Franken)
Hermann Müller
Richard Müller			Resigned on 31 January 1920
Reinhard Mumm		20 (Westfalen-Süd)
Josef Nacken		23 (Köln-Aachen)
Anna Nemitz		9 (Liegnitz)	Joined SPD in September 1922
Friedrich Naumann			Died on 24 August 1919
Agnes Neuhaus		20 (Westfalen-Süd)
Adolf Neumann-Hofer
Matthias Neyses		24 (Coblenz-Trier)
Emil Nitzschke			Resigned on 20 January 1920
Ferdinand Noske
Gustav Noske
Otto Nuschke
Ernst Oberfohren		14 (Schleswig-Holstein)
Karl Obermeyer		25 (Düsseldorf-Ost)
Richard Oertel		24 (Coblenz-Trier)
Wilhelm Ohler
Karl Okonsky		10 (Oppeln)	Entered in July 1919 as a replacement for Josef Kubetzko
Karl Ollmert
Nikolaus Osterroth
Waldemar Otte
Hermann Pachnicke		4 (Potsdam I)
Johann Panzer
Richard Partzsch			Entered on 3 January 1920 as a replacement for August Winnig
Friedrich von Payer
Carl Wilhelm Petersen		15 (Hamburg)
Wilhelm Pfannkuch
Maximilian Pfeiffer		2 (Berlin)
Antonie Pfülf		27 (Oberbayern-Schwaben)
Albrecht Philipp		32 (Leipzig)
Otto Pick
Karl Pinkau		32 (Leipzig)
Alexander Pohlmann		10 (Oppeln)
Franz Pokorny
Arthur von Posadowsky-Wehner
Alois Puschmann		8 (Breslau)
Max Quarck
Ludwig Quessel		22 (Hessen-Darmstadt)
Ludwig Quidde
Fritz Raschig
Friedrich Rauch
Gustav Raute		12 (Merseburg)
Walter Reek
Heinrich Reineke
Hermann Paul Reißhaus		13 (Thuringia)
Johanne Reitze		15 (Hamburg)
Ernst Remmers
Anton Rheinländer		20 (Westfalen-Süd)
Adolf Richter		1 (Ostpreußen)
Johann Sophian Christian Richter
Hartmann von Richthofen
Lorenz Riedmiller		35 (Baden)
Jakob Riesser		21 (Hessen-Nassau)
Paul Rodemann
Elisabeth Röhl
Paul Röhle
Gustav Roesicke		Reichswahlvorschlag
Kurt Rosenfeld		13 (Thuringia)	Entered on 3 May 1920 as a replacement for Emanuel Wurm
Leopold Rückert
Heinrich Runkel		14 (Schleswig-Holstein)
Elfriede Ryneck		3 (Potsdam II)
Hermann Sachse
Alwin Saenger			Resigned on 2 February 1919
Robert Sagawe
Albert Salm
Ernst Schädlich
Valentin Schäfer
Josef Schefbeck
Philipp Scheidemann		21 (Hessen-Nassau)
Martin Schiele		11 (Magdeburg)
Eugen Schiffer		11 (Magdeburg)
Karl Matthias Schiffer			Resigned on 24 September 1919
Joseph Schilgen			Entered on 24 September 1919 as a replacement for Karl Matthias Schiffer
Minna Schilling		33 (Chemnitz-Zwickau)
Carl Schirmer		29 (Franken)	Joined BVP on 9 January 1920
Käthe Schirmacher
Peter Schlack		25 (Düsseldorf-Ost)
Alexander Schlicke		Reichswahlvorschlag
Wilhelm Schlüter
Richard Schmidt		31 (Dresden-Bautzen)
Richard Schmidt
Robert Schmidt		Reichswahlvorschlag
Wilhelm Schmidthals
Adam Josef Schmitt
Maria Schmitz
Alexander Schneider
Gustav Schneider
Georg Schöpflin		35 (Baden)
Carl Schreck		19 (Westfalen-Nord)
Louise Schroeder		14 (Schleswig-Holstein)
Clara Schuch		2 (Berlin)
Walther Schücking		21 (Hessen-Nassau)
Wilhelm Schümmer
Georg Schultz		Reichswahlvorschlag
Heinrich Schulz		Reichswahlvorschlag
Hermann Schulz		Westpreußen
Wilhelm Schulz
Gerhart von Schulze-Gävernitz			Entered on 12 April 1919 as a replacement for Hermann Dietrich
Oswald Schumann		5 (Frankfurt (Oder))
Jean Albert Schwarz		21 (Hessen-Nassau)
Rudolf Schwarzer		27 (Oberbayern-Schwaben)
Friedrich Seger		32 (Leipzig)
Friedrich Wilhelm Semmler		8 (Breslau)
Carl Severing		19 (Westfalen-Nord)
Richard Seyfert
Otto Sidow		4 (Potsdam I)
Ernst Siehr
Karl Sielermann			Entered on 29 September 1919 as a replacement for Wilhelm Wallbaum
Anna Simon
Hermann Silberschmidt		11 (Magdeburg)
Georg Simon		27 (Oberbayern-Schwaben)
Josef Simon		29 (Franken)	Resigned on 21 November 1919
Hugo Sinzheimer
Hans Sivkovich		7 (Mecklenburg)
Wilhelm Sollmann		23 (Köln-Aachen)
Peter Spahn		Reichswahlvorschlag
Emil Stahl
Michael Stapfer
Franz Starosson
Otto Steinmayer
Wilhelm Steinsdorff
Adam Stegerwald		19 (Westfalen-Nord)
Willy Steinkopf		Reichswahlvorschlag
Johannes Stelling		7 (Mecklenburg)
Christian Stock
Otto Stolten		15 (Hamburg)
Paul Stössel			Resigned on 2 February 1919
Gustav Stresemann		3 (Potsdam II)
Franz Strzoda
Daniel Stücklen		33 (Chemnitz-Zwickau)
Thomas Szczeponik		10 (Oppeln)
Theodor Tantzen der Jüngere			Resigned on 31 October 1919
Paul Taubadel		9 (Liegnitz)
Eugen Taucher			Joined BVP on 9 January 1920, resigned on 1 February 1920
Johanna Tesch		21 (Hessen-Nassau)
Christine Teusch		23 (Köln-Aachen)
Johannes Thabor		26 (Düsseldorf-West)
Adolf Thiele
Georg Thöne		21 (Hessen-Nassau)
Detlef Thomsen		SHBLD		Resigned on 7 July 1919
Franz Thurow			Entered on 11 February 1919 as a replacement for Friedrich Ebert
Gottfried Traub
Peter Tremmel		24 (Coblenz-Trier)
Karl Trimborn		23 (Köln-Aachen)
Oskar Trinks
Carl Ulitzka		10 (Oppeln)
Carl Ulrich		22 (Hessen-Darmstadt)
Karl Veidt			Resigned on 29 August 1919
Wilhelm Vershofen
Otto Vesper
Albert Vögler		20 (Westfalen-Süd)
Hans Vogel		29 (Franken)
Wilhelm Vogt		34 (Württemberg)
Fritz Voigt
Friedrich Wachhorst de Wente
Felix Waldstein		14 (Schleswig-Holstein)
Wilhelm Wallbaum			Resigned on 29 September 1919
Fritz Warmuth		5 (Frankfurt (Oder))
Helene Weber
Victor Weidtman
Luitpold Weilnböck		29 (Franken)
Friedrich Weinhausen		Westpreußen
Konrad Weiß		29 (Franken)
Franz Xaver Weixler		27 (Oberbayern-Schwaben)	Entered in March 1920 as a replacement for Wilhelm Mayer
Otto Wels		5 (Frankfurt (Oder))
Hugo Wendorff
Kuno von Westarp		3 (Potsdam II)
Johannes Wetzlich
Franz Wieber		26 (Düsseldorf-West)
Philipp Wieland		34 (Württemberg)
Carl Winkelmann
August Winnefeld		20 (Westfalen-Süd)
August Winnig			Resigned on 3 January 1920
Joseph Wirth		35 (Baden)
Rudolf Wissell
Franz Heinrich Witthoefft
Theodor Wolff
Emanuel Wurm			Died on 3 May 1920
Constantin Zawadzki		10 (Oppeln)
Johann Anton Zehnter
Marie Zettler
Paul Ziegler		20 (Westfalen-Süd)
Luise Zietz		2 (Berlin)
Georg Zöphel
Fritz Zubeil		3 (Potsdam II)

See also

• Herrenchiemsee convention of 1948
• Parlamentarischer Rat of 1949