Wadi Hanifa
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Wadi Hanifa (Template:Langx), historically known as Wadi al-Arad,[1] is a wadi (seasonal river) in the Najd region, Riyadh Province, in central Saudi Arabia. The valley runs for a length of Script error: No such module "convert". from northwest to southeast, cutting through the city of Riyadh, the capital of Saudi Arabia. A string of towns and villages lie along the valley, including Uyaynah, Irqah and Diriyah. The historical city of Riyadh itself is on the northeastern side of the wadi, but the city has now expanded across Wadi Hanifa, with the sub-municipalities of Al-Shifa and Al-Urayja on its southwestern side.
History
In ancient times, the wadi was known as al-Irdh (Script error: No such module "Lang".). Its current name is derived from that of the Banu Hanifa, the principal Arab tribe in the area at the time of the Islamic conquest of Arabia.
In pre-historic times, rain fell heavily in the region. This is reflected in the local folk tradition that claims that during the reign of the ancient kingdom of Al-Yamamah, the area was once covered with oases and fertile farmland.
Climate
Temperatures in summer reach an average of Script error: No such module "convert"., and precipitation averages only Script error: No such module "convert". per year in the driest places. Rain falls with great intensity for short periods, causing flash floods. The nature of the dry, warm climate leads to a high percentage of the scarce rainfall being instantly evaporated. That which remains mostly ends up as groundwater. While abundant, the levels of the water table are being tested by the rapid growth the city of Riyadh has seen in the past fifty years, from a population of 150,000 in 1960 to an estimated 5 million today.Script error: No such module "Unsubst".
Development
See also
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References
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- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
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- al-Asad, Mohammad & Yildirum Yavuz. Wadi Hanifa Development Plan. Ar-Riyadh Development Authority, 2001/2004.
- al-Nuaim, Dr. Abdullah Al Ali. Address. “A Profile of the Experience of Building and the Modern Development of Riyadh City,” Riyadh as Arab Cultural Capital for 2000. Royal Embassy of Saudi Arabia. Washington, 22 May 2000.
- al-Weshah, Dr. Radwan A., Hydrology of Wadi Systems. Damascus: Arab Center for the Studies of Arid Zones and Dry Lands, 2002.
- Bodeker, Jens. “Architect’s Record of Wadi Hanifa Wetlands.” ArchNet: Islamic Architecture Community. 2001. Aga Khan Trust for Culture. http://archnet.org/library/sites/one-site.tcl?site_id=4168
- High Commission for the Development of ArRiyadh. ArRiyadh Geography. 2007. ArRiyadh City Web Site. http://www.arriyadh.com/En/Ab-Arriyad/LeftBar/Geography/alrriyadh-gogrphy.doc_cvt.asp
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- Saudi Arabia. Ministry of Foreign Affairs. Government News 04/03/2006. Riyadh: http://www.mofa.gov.sa/detail.asp?InNewsItemID=45467&InTemplateKey=print, 2006.
- Saudi Arabia. Saudi Press Agency. “Prince Salman bin Abdulaziz Inspects Wadi Hanifa Environmental Rehabilitation Project.” Riyadh: http://www.spa.gov.sa/English/details.php?id=330976, 2007.