Vrhnika
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Vrhnika (Script error: No such module "IPA".; Template:Langx;[1] Template:Langx) is a town in Slovenia. It is the seat of the Municipality of Vrhnika. It is located on the Ljubljanica River, 21 km from Ljubljana along the A1 motorway.
Geography
Vrhnika lies at the southwest end of the Ljubljana Marsh near the sources of the Ljubljanica River, where the Ljubljana Basin opens up between the foot of Ljubljana Peak (Template:Langx, Script error: No such module "convert".) and Ulovka Hill (Script error: No such module "convert".). Močilnik Springs is located south of the settlement; together with nearby Retovje Springs, water flows mainly from the subterranean streams of the Unica to produce the Little Ljubljanica River (Script error: No such module "Lang".) and Big Ljubljanica River (Script error: No such module "Lang".), which in turn join to create the Ljubljanica River.[2] The territory of the town extends south onto the Logatec Plateau (Template:Langx), where the Big and Little Drnovica Collapse Sinkholes (Template:Langx) are found.[3]
Name
The settlement at the location of today's Vrhnika was attested in antiquity as Nauportus in Latin, and as Ναύποντος and Νάμπορτος in Greek. Medieval attestations of the name include Script error: No such module "Lang". in 1300, Oberlaybach in 1308 (and Ober Laybach in 1309), and Vernich in 1481, corresponding to the modern Slovene name. Historically, the town was known as Oberlaibach (literally, 'Upper Ljubljana') in standard German. The Slovene toponym is probably a compound of vrh 'top, summit' + nika or Script error: No such module "Lang". 'creek, spring', referring to the source of the Ljubljanica River. The Latin name Nauportus is a compound of navis 'boat' + portus 'transfer', referring to a place where cargo had to be transferred from boats to pack animals or carts along a trade route. A mythological reinterpretation of the Latin name as referring to the portage of a boat itself (specifically, the Argo) appears in Pliny the Elder's Natural History.[4] A depiction of the Argo also appears on the town's coat of arms.
History
In Roman times, Nauportus was an important communication point.[5] Vrhnika as it exists today started to develop in the High Middle Ages.
Vrhnika became a market town and was among the wealthiest towns in Carniola[6] up to the early 18th century, when it started to lose importance. Nevertheless, it remained one of main transportation junctions in Inner Austria because of its strategic location on the crossroads between the trade routes from Trieste to Vienna and from Rijeka to Klagenfurt.[7] The development of the town was strongly impaired by the construction of the Austrian Southern Railway in the 1840s, which bypassed it. From then on, it started losing importance, becoming a satellite town of Ljubljana, which it has remained up to this day. <templatestyles src="Module:Historical populations/styles.css"/>Script error: No such module "Historical populations".
Mass grave
Vrhnika is the site of a mass grave from the period immediately after the Second World War. The Pikec Valley Mass Grave (Template:Langx) is located at the bottom of a sinkhole southwest of the town, on Sveč Hill near the Vojc house. It contains the remains of six German prisoners of war that were murdered in May 1945.[8][9]
Notable people
Notable people that were born or lived in Vrhnika include:
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- Baltazar Baebler (1880–1936), chemist[2][10]
- Template:Ill (1891–1953), hiking and tourism specialist[2]
- Ivan Cankar (1876–1918), writer[2]
- Template:Ill (1877–1953), journalist and editor[2][11]
- Template:Ill (1906–1992), painter[2]
- Template:Ill (1906–1985), writer[2]
- Janko Grampovčan (1897–1974), economist[2]
- Francis Jager (1869–1934), beekeeping and orchard expert[2][12]
- Template:Ill (1858–1927), merchant[2][13]
- France Kunstelj (1914–1945), author, playwright, and editor[14]
- Template:Ill (1816–1890), sculptor[2][15]
- Andrej Lenarčič (1859–1936), agricultural specialist[2][16]
- Template:Ill (1856–1939), merchant[2][17]
- Anton Maier (1859–1943), education specialist[2][18]
- Ignacij Mihevc (1870–1939), politician and journalist[2][19]
- Template:Ill (1924–2006), poet and writer[2]
- Template:Ill (1851–1930), painter[2][20]
- Template:Ill (1921–2013), communist politician[2]
- Radoslav Silvester (1841–1923), poet and composer[2][21]
- Template:Ill (nom de guerre Fric; 1904–1944), People's Hero of Yugoslavia[2]
- Jakob Voljč (1878–1900), poet and writer[2][22]
References
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- ↑ Leksikon občin kraljestev in dežel zastopanih v državnem zboru, vol. 6: Kranjsko. 1906. Vienna: C. Kr. Dvorna in Državna Tiskarna, p. 120.
- ↑ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Čepon, Barbara. 2010. Vrednotenje naravnih znamenitosti v Občini Vrhnika za turistično rabo. Bachelor's thesis. Ljubljana: Biotehniška fakulteta, Oddelek za krajinsko arhitekturo, p. 25.
- ↑ Snoj, Marko. 2009. Etimološki slovar slovenskih zemljepisnih imen. Ljubljana: Modrijan and Založba ZRC, pp. 468–469.
- ↑ Curk I. et al. (1993). In the footsteps of Roman soldiers in Slovenia. Ljubljana: Zavod Republike Slovenije za varstvo naravne in kulturne dediščine Slovenije. Template:Catalog lookup link
- ↑ Johann Weikhard von Valvasor: The Glory of the Duchy of Carniola, published 1689, translated extracts published 1984 by Mladinska knjiga, pp. 240, 241.
- ↑ Orožen Adamič M., Perko D., Kladnik D. (1995). Krajevni leksikon Slovenije. Ljubljana: DZS. Template:ISBN Template:Catalog lookup link Template:In lang
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Dežman, Jože. 2009. Poročilo Komisije vlade Republike Slovenije za reševanje vprašanj prikritih grobišč: 2005-2008. Ljubljana: Družina, p. 1909.
- ↑ Slovenski biografski leksikon: Baltazar Baebler.
- ↑ Slovenski biografski leksikon: Karel Cankar.
- ↑ Slovenski biografski leksikon: Francis Jager.
- ↑ Slovenski biografski leksikon: Gabrijel Viktor Jelovšek.
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Slovenski biografski leksikon: Franc Lah.
- ↑ Doma in po svetu. 1936. Trgovski list 19(139) (29 December): 4.
- ↑ Slovenski biografski leksikon: Josip Lenarčič.
- ↑ Slovenski biografski leksikon: Anton Maier.
- ↑ Slovenski biografski leksikon: Ignacij Mihevc.
- ↑ Slovenski biografski leksikon: Simon Ogrin.
- ↑ Slovenski biografski leksikon: Radoslav Silvester.
- ↑ Slovenski biografski leksikon: Jakob Voljč.
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External links
- Template:Sister-inline
- Vrhnika on Geopedia
- Vrhnika, Visit Vrhnika
- Vrhnika on Google Maps
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