Voiceless velar lateral fricative
Template:Short description Template:Refimprove Template:Infobox IPA/core1Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". Template:Infobox IPA/core1Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
The voiceless velar lateral fricative is a rare speech sound. As one element of an affricate, it is found for example in Zulu and Xhosa (see velar lateral ejective affricate). However, a simple fricative has only been reported from a few languages in the Caucasus and New Guinea.
Archi, a Northeast Caucasian language of Dagestan, has four voiceless velar lateral fricatives: plain Script error: No such module "IPA"., labialized Script error: No such module "IPA"., fortis Script error: No such module "IPA"., and labialized fortis Script error: No such module "IPA".. Although clearly fricatives, these are further forward than velars in most languages, and might better be called prevelar. Archi also has a voiced fricative, as well as a voiceless and several ejective lateral velar affricates, but no alveolar lateral fricatives or affricates.[1]
In New Guinea, some of the Chimbu–Wahgi languages such as Melpa, Middle Wahgi, and Nii, have a voiceless velar lateral fricative, which they write with a double-bar el (Ⱡ, ⱡ). This sound also appears in syllable coda position as an allophone of the voiced velar lateral fricative in Kuman.[2]
The extIPA has the letter Template:Angbr IPA for this sound. It was added to Unicode in 2021.
Some scholars also posit a voiceless velar lateral approximant distinct from the fricative. The approximant may be represented in the IPA as Template:Angbr IPA.
Features
Features of the voiceless velar lateral fricative:
Template:Fricative Template:Velar Template:Voiceless Template:Oral Template:Lateral Template:Pulmonic
Occurrence
| Language | Word | IPA | Meaning | Notes | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Archi[1] | Script error: No such module "Lang". | Script error: No such module "IPA". | 'sea' | Pre-velar.[1] | |
| English | Western AmericanTemplate:Sfnp | clear | Script error: No such module "IPA". | 'clear' | Possible allophone of Script error: No such module "IPA". after Script error: No such module "IPA"..Template:Sfnp See English phonology |
| German | AustrianTemplate:Sfnp | Script error: No such module "Lang". | Script error: No such module "IPA". | 'clear' | Possible allophone of Script error: No such module "IPA". after the aspirated allophone of Script error: No such module "IPA"..Template:Sfnp See Standard German phonology |
| Wahgi[3] | nòⱡ | Script error: No such module "IPA". | 'water' | ||
| Welsh | pwll | Script error: No such module "IPA". | 'pool' | Possible allophone of Script error: No such module "IPA". after back vowels. | |
Notes
References
- Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ a b c Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Steed, W., & Hardie, P. (2004). Acoustic Properties of the Kuman Voiceless Velar Lateral Fricative. Proceedings of the 10th Australian International Conference on Speech Science & Technology, Sydney. [1] Template:Webarchive
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".