Virtual International Authority File

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The Virtual International Authority File (VIAF) is an international authority file. It is a joint project of several national libraries, operated by the Online Computer Library Center (OCLC).[1]

History

File:VIAF Screenshot 2012.png
Homepage in 2012

Discussions about having a joint international authority started in the late 1990s. After several failed attempts to develop a unique joint authority file, the new idea was to link existing national authorities. This would present all the benefits of a standard file without requiring a significant investment of time and expense in the process.[2]

The project was initiated by the American Library of Congress (LOC), the German National Library (DNB), and the OCLC in April 1998 as a proof-of-concept that authority records can be linked.[3] After extensive testing, the VIAF consortium was formed at the 2003 World Library and Information Congress, hosted by the International Federation of Library Associations.[4] on 6 August 2003,[5][6] and by September it had its own page at the OCLC website.[7] The Script error: No such module "Lang". (BnF) joined the project on 5 October 2007.

The project transitioned to being a service of the OCLC on 4 April 2012.[8]

The aim is to link the national authority files (such as the German Integrated Authority File) to a single virtual authority file. In this file, identical records from the different data sets are linked together. A VIAF record receives a standard data number, contains the primary "see" and "see also" records from the original documents, and refers to the original authority records. The data is made available online and is available for research and, data exchange and sharing. Reciprocal updating uses the Open Archives Initiative Protocol for Metadata Harvesting (OAI-PMH) protocol.

The file numbers are also being added to Wikipedia biographical articles and are incorporated into Wikidata.[9][10]

Christine L. Borgman groups VIAF with the International Standard Name Identifier and ORCID systems, describing all three as "loosely coordinated efforts to standardize name forms".Script error: No such module "Footnotes".Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". Borgman characterizes all three systems as attempts to solve the problem of author name disambiguation, which has grown in scale as the quantity of data multiplies.Script error: No such module "Footnotes".Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". She notes that VIAF, unlike the other two systems, is led by libraries, as opposed to individual authors or creators.Script error: No such module "Footnotes".Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".

VIAF clusters

VIAF's clustering algorithm is run every month. As more data are added from participating libraries, clusters of authority records may coalesce or split, leading to some fluctuation in the VIAF identifier of certain authority records.[11]

Participating libraries and organizations

English Wikipedia entry name Identifier Native-language name Location Country/Region
National Library of Argentina[12] ARBABN Template:Langx Buenos Aires Argentina
Bibliotheca Alexandrina EGAXA Template:Langx Alexandria Egypt
Biblioteca Nacional de Chile BNCHL Template:Langx Santiago Chile
Biblioteca Nacional de España BNE Template:Langx Madrid Spain
Biblioteca Nacional de Portugal PTBNP Template:Langx Lisbon Portugal
Bibliothèque et Archives nationales du Québec B2Q Template:Langx Quebec Canada
Bibliothèque nationale de France BnF Template:Langx Paris France
National Library of Greece ΕΒΕ Template:Langx Athens Greece
Bibliothèque Nationale du Royaume du Maroc (BNRM) MRBNR Template:Langx
Template:Langx 		Rabat Morocco
Biografisch Portaal BPN Template:Langx The Hague Netherlands
British Library – London England
Danish Agency for Culture and Palaces Template:Langx Copenhagen Denmark
Danish Bibliographic Centre DBC Template:Langx Ballerup Denmark
German National Library (DNB) GND Template:Langx Frankfurt Germany
International Standard Name Identifier ISNI – London United Kingdom
Israel Museum Template:Langx Jerusalem Israel
Istituto Centrale per il Catalogo Unico ICCU
SBN 		Template:Langx Rome Italy
Lebanese National Library LNL Template:Langx Beirut Lebanon
Library and Archives Canada LAC Template:Langx Ottawa, Ontario Canada
Library of Congress
NACO consortium (Name Authority Cooperative Program) 		LCCN – Washington, D.C. United States
National and University Library in Zagreb NSK Template:Langx Zagreb Croatia
National and University Library of Slovenia Template:Langx Ljubljana Slovenia
National Central Library NCL
CYT 		Template:Zh Taipei Taiwan
National Diet Library NDL Template:Langx Tokyo
Kyoto		 Japan
National Institute of Informatics NII
CiNii 		Template:Langx Tokyo Japan
National Library Board NLB – – Singapore
National Library of Australia NLA – Canberra Australia
National Library of Brazil BLBNB Template:Langx Rio de Janeiro Brazil
National Library of Catalonia BNC Template:Langx Barcelona Spain
National Library of Estonia ERRR Template:Langx Tallinn Estonia
National and University Library of Iceland (NULI) UIY Template:Langx Reykjavík Iceland
National Library of Ireland N6I Template:Langx Dublin Ireland
National Library of Israel NLI Template:Langx Jerusalem Israel
National Library of Korea KRNLK Template:Langx Seoul Korea
National Library of Latvia LNB Template:Langx Riga Latvia
National Library of Luxembourg BNL Template:Langx
Template:Langx 		Luxembourg City Luxembourg
National Library of Mexico BNM Template:Langx Mexico City Mexico
National Library of the Netherlands NTA Template:Langx The Hague Netherlands
National Library of New Zealand – Wellington New Zealand
National Library of Norway BIBSYS
W2Z 		Template:Langx Trondheim Norway
National Library of Poland NLP Template:Langx Warsaw Poland
National Library of Russia NLR Template:Langx Saint Petersburg Russia
National Library of Scotland Template:Langx
Template:Langx 		Edinburgh Scotland
National Library of South Africa Template:Langx Cape Town
Pretoria		 South Africa
National Library of Sweden SELIBR Template:Langx Stockholm Sweden
National Library of Wales Template:Langx Aberystwyth Wales
National Library of the Czech Republic NKC Template:Langx Prague Czech Republic
National Széchényi Library NSZL Template:Langx Budapest Hungary
Perseus Project PERSEUS – Medford, Massachusetts United States
RERO (Library Network of Western Switzerland) RERO Template:Langx
Template:Langx
Template:Langx 		Martigny Switzerland
Répertoire International des Sources Musicales RISM – Frankfurt Germany
Système universitaire de documentation SUDOC Template:Langx – France
Syriac Reference Portal SRP – Nashville, Tennessee United States
Swiss National Library SWNL Template:Langx
Template:Langx
Template:Langx
Template:Langx 		Bern Switzerland
Template:Interlanguage link NUKAT Template:Langx – Poland
Union List of Artist Names – Getty Research Institute ULAN
JPG 		– Los Angeles, California United States
United States National Agricultural Library NALT – Beltsville, Maryland United States
United States National Library of Medicine – Bethesda, Maryland United States
Vatican Library BAV Template:Langx – Vatican City
Cultuurconnect (Template:Interlanguage link and LOCUS) Template:Ill Brussels Belgium
WikidataScript error: No such module "Unsubst". WKP – Berlin, Germany International

Libraries added for testing purposes

English Wikipedia entry name Identifier Native-language name Location Country
Lithuanian National Library LIH Template:Langx Vilnius Lithuania
National and University Library of Slovenia / COBISS SIMACOB Template:Langx Ljubljana Slovenia

See also

References

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  1. ↑ Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1". Template:Closed access
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  5. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  6. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  7. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  8. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  9. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  10. ↑ Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".
  11. ↑ Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".
  12. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

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Sources

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External links

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  • VIAF at OCLC

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