Viridian

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File:Chromium(III)-oxide-sample.jpg
Chromium(III) oxide sample
File:Viridian(Pigment Green 18) (Left) And Phthalocyanine Green(Pigment Green 7) (Right) Gouache.jpg
Viridian(Pigment Green 18) (Left) And Phthalocyanine Green(Pigment Green 7) (Right) Gouache

Viridian is a blue-green pigment, a hydrated chromium(III) oxide, of medium saturation and relatively dark in value. It is composed of a majority of green, followed by blue. The first recorded use of viridian as a color name in English was in the 1860s.[1] Viridian takes its name from the Latin Script error: No such module "Lang"., meaning "green".[2] The pigment was first prepared in mid-19th-century Paris and remains available from several US manufacturers as prepared artists' colors in all media.[3]Template:Rp

History

Viridian pigment was first prepared in 1838 in Paris by Parisian color chemist and painter Pannetier alongside his assistant Binet as a hydrated form of chromium oxide.[4][5] The preparation process was demanding, expensive, and shrouded in secrecy.[3]Template:Rp The French chemist C. E. Guignet developed and patented a cheaper manufacturing method in 1859 that enabled larger distribution and use of the pigment.[3]Template:Rp This method involved calcining a combination of boric acid and potassium bichromate, then washing the material.[3]Template:Rp

Winsor and Newton's catalogue listed the pigment as early as 1849. It was used as early as 1840 in a work by J. M. W. Turner.[3]Template:Rp Viridian was in prominent use by the mid-nineteenth century, but was less popular than three to four times more affordable alternatives including emerald and chrome greens.[3]Template:Rp

Visual characteristics

Viridian is a bright shade of spring green, which places the color between green and teal on the color wheel, or, in paint, a tertiary blue–green color. Viridian is dark in value, has medium saturation, and is transparent.[3]Template:Rp

Variations of viridian

Paolo Veronese green

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Paolo Veronese green is the color that is called verde veronés in the Guía de coloraciones (Guide to colorations) by Rosa Gallego and Juan Carlos Sanz, a color dictionary published in 2005 that is widely popular in the Hispanophone realm.

Paolo Veronese green was a color formulated and used by the noted 16th-century Venetian artist Paolo Veronese.

Paolo Veronese green began to be used as a color name in English sometime in the 1800s (exact year uncertain).[6]

Another name for this color is transparent oxide of chromium.[7]

Viridian green

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At right is displayed the color viridian green.

The source of this color is the "Pantone Textile Paper eXtended (TPX)" color list, color #17-5126 TPX—Viridian Green.[8]

Generic viridian

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Generic viridian is the color that is called Viridian inspecifico in the Guía de coloraciones (Guide to colorations) by Rosa Gallego and Juan Carlos Sanz, a color dictionary published in 2005 that is widely popular in the Hispanophone realm.

Spanish viridian

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Spanish viridian is the color that is called Viridian specifico in the Guía de coloraciones (Guide to colorations) by Rosa Gallego and Juan Carlos Sanz, a color dictionary published in 2005 that is widely popular in the Hispanophone realm.

Permanence

Viridian is considered durable and permanent as an artist's pigment.[3]Template:Rp Viridian is unaffected by temperatures up to 260 °C (500 °F), but it is unsuitable for use in ceramic glazes.[3]Template:Rp Viridian is compatible with all pigments in all media, and has high oil absorption.[3]Template:Rp Pure pigment formulations of viridian are hard and may separate in tubes, but adding barium sulfate in small quantities enables easy grinding and dispersion.[3]Template:Rp

Notable occurrences

Viridian as a quaternary color on the RYB color wheel:
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  green
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  viridian
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  teal

Template:In popular culture Although viridian is not a frequent color name in English, it is used in a number of cultural references, probably because it is derived from Script error: No such module "Lang"., the Latin word for green, so using the word viridian sounds more elegant than simply referring to the Old English word green.Script error: No such module "Unsubst".

Fine art painting

Automobiles

  • "Viridian Joule" was the winning color name in Chevrolet's Volt Paint-Color Naming Contest.[9]

Broadcasting

Environmental design

See also

References

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  1. ↑ Maerz and Paul A Dictionary of Color New York:1930 McGraw-Hill Page 206; Color Sample of Viridian: Page 93 Plate 79 Color Sample K11
  2. ↑ Maerz and Paul A Dictionary of Color New York:1930 McGraw-Hill Page 18 See: "Table--Polyglot Table of Principle Color Names" Pages 18-19
  3. ↑ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  4. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  5. ↑ Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".
  6. ↑ Maerz and Paul A Dictionary of Color New York:1930 McGraw-Hill Page 201 (It is listed under Paul Veronese green)
  7. ↑ Maerz and Paul A Dictionary of Color New York:1930 McGraw-Hill Page 142
  8. ↑ Pantone TPX Pantone Color Finder--Type the words "Viridian Green" into the indicated window on the Pantone Color Finder and the color will appear:
  9. ↑ "Viridian Joule" was the winning color name in Paint-Color Naming Contest [1]
  10. ↑ Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".
  11. ↑ Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".

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Further reading

  • Newman, R., Chromium Oxide Greens, in Artists’ Pigments, A Handbook of Their History and Characteristics, Vol 3: E.W. Fitzhugh (Ed.) Oxford University Press 1997, p. 273 – 286

External links

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