Violales
Violales is a botanical name of an order of flowering plants and takes its name from the included family Violaceae; it was proposed by Lindley (1853).Script error: No such module "Footnotes".Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". The name has been used in several systems,Script error: No such module "Footnotes".Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". although some systems used the name Parietales for similar groupings.Script error: No such module "Footnotes".Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". In the 1981 version of the influential Cronquist system, order Violales was placed in subclass Dilleniidae with a circumscription consisting of the families listed below.Script error: No such module "Footnotes".Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". Some classifications such as that of Dahlgren placed the Violales in the superorder Violiflorae (also called Violanae).Script error: No such module "Footnotes".Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
The Angiosperm Phylogeny Group (APG) system does not recognize order Violales; Violaceae is placed in order Malpighiales and the other families are reassigned to various orders as indicated.Script error: No such module "Footnotes".Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
- order Violales Perleb 1826Script error: No such module "Footnotes".Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
- family Achariaceae → order Malpighiales
- family Ancistrocladaceae → order Caryophyllales
- family Begoniaceae → order Cucurbitales
- family Bixaceae → order Malvales
- family Caricaceae → order Brassicales
- family Cistaceae → order Malvales
- family Cucurbitaceae → order Cucurbitales
- family Datiscaceae → order Cucurbitales
- family Dioncophyllaceae → order Caryophyllales
- family Flacourtiaceae → included in family Salicaceae, in order Malpighiales
- family Fouquieriaceae → order Ericales
- family Frankeniaceae → order Caryophyllales
- family Hoplestigmataceae → uncertain position
- family Huaceae → eurosids I (direct placement)
- family Lacistemataceae → order Malpighiales
- family Loasaceae → order Cornales
- family Malesherbiaceae → order Malpighiales (optionally inside Passifloraceae)
- family Passifloraceae → order Malpighiales
- family Peridiscaceae → order Saxifragales
- family Scyphostegiaceae → included in family Salicaceae, in order Malpighiales
- family Stachyuraceae → order Crossosomatales
- family Tamaricaceae → order Caryophyllales
- family Turneraceae → order Malpighiales (optionally inside Passifloraceae)
- family Violaceae → order Malpighiales
References
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Bibliography
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