Victoriana
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Victoriana is a term used to refer to material culture related to the Victorian period (1837–1901).[1] It often refers to decorative objects, but can also describe a variety of artifacts from the era including graphic design, publications, photography, machinery, architecture, fashion, and Victorian collections of natural specimens.[2] The term can also refer to Victorian-inspired designs, nostalgic representations, or references to Victorian-era aesthetics or culture appropriated for use in new contexts.[3]
The term "Victoriana" was coined in 1918, just before a wave of interest in Victorian objects and artifacts began in the 1920s. Another increased period of collecting of Victoriana emerged in the 1950s.[4] In 1951, the Festival of Britain commemorated the centenary of the Victorian era's first world's fair, the 1851 Great Exhibition held at the Crystal Palace.[5]
In the 1960s and 1970s, the eclectic character of Victorian era wood type inspired graphic designers like Seymour Chwast and Push Pin Studios.[6] Items such as Stevengraphs were popular collectable items during the revival of interest in Victoriana in the 1960s and 1970s.[7]
In the 1980s, Margaret Thatcher, then Prime Minister of the United Kingdom, promoted an interest in Victoriana by emphasizing "Victorian family values"[8] as part of a roadmap to cultural, moral, and economic improvement.[9]
Popular culture
In science fiction circles (especially in genres like steampunk), Victoriana is used loosely to describe mock-Victorian worlds, where visual references to the machinery of the Industrial Revolution are incorporated into urban, romanticized pastiches with fantastic creatures and imagined mechanical contraptions.[10][11][12]
See also
References
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- ↑ Thorncroft, Antony. Memories are made of this FT.com 29 November 2008
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Further reading
- Bridgeman, Harriet & Drury, Elizabeth, eds. (1975) The Encyclopaedia of Victoriana. Feltham: Hamlyn for 'Country Life'
- Field, Rachael (1988) Victoriana. London: Macdonald Orbis Template:ISBN
- Gabriel, Juri (1969) Victoriana. London: Hamlyn Template:ISBN
- Latham, Jean (1971) Victoriana. London: Muller Template:ISBN
- Laver, James (1966) Victoriana. London: Ward Lock
- --do.-- (1973) --do.-- revised ed. London: Ward Lock Template:ISBN
- Victoriana. (Miller's Antiques Checklist.) London: MitchellBeazley, 1991 Template:ISBN
- Palmer, Geoffrey & Lloyd, Noel (1976) The Observer's Book of Victoriana. London: Frederick Warne
- Woodhouse, C. P. (1970) The Victoriana Collector's Handbook. London: George Bell & Sons