Varazdat

Varazdat (Template:Langx; flourished 4th century) was the king of Arsacid Armenia from 374/375 until 378. He was installed on the throne by the Roman emperor Valens after the assassination of his kinsman King Pap.

Name

The name Varazdat derives from Middle Persian warāz-dat, meaning "given by the wild boar," the boar being one of the symbols of the Zoroastrian god of victory Verethragna.Template:Sfn

Family and early life

Varazdat's parentage is unclear. The classical Armenian historians Faustus of Byzantium and Movses Khorenatsi somewhat contemptuously refer to him as "a certain" member of the Arsacid house; Faustus also implies that Varazdat was not a true Arsacid but rather a bastard.Template:SfnTemplate:Sfn Based on this information, Robert Bedrosian and Stepan Malkhasyants speculate that Varazdat was the illegitimate child of Pap.Template:SfnTemplate:Sfn Faustus quotes Varazdat as declaring King Pap his paternal uncle, although a brother of Pap is never directly mentioned in the histories of Faustus and Khorenatsi.Template:Sfn A later anonymous Armenian work, the Vita of St. Nerses, reports that Pap had a younger brother named Trdat, who therefore may have been the father of Varazdat.Template:Sfn Faustus says nothing about the life of Varazdat before becoming king, but Khorenatsi gives a fanciful account of Varazdat winning in the Olympic games while in the Roman Empire.Template:Sfn According to Khorenatsi, Varazdat was a talented archer, fencer, wrestler, pugilist and fighter of wild animals.Template:Sfn Khorenatsi also describes Varazdat's martial exploits against the Lombards and Syrian brigands.Template:Sfn Khorenatsi and Faustus both describe Varazdat as a brave and strong youth, but Faustus disparages him as "light-minded, with a child's capricious cunning."Template:Sfn

There is no information about Varazdat having any children in the primary sources, but Cyril Toumanoff believed him to be the father of the later Arsacid kings Khosrov IV and Vramshapuh.Template:Sfn

Reign

Following the assassination of Pap by the Romans, Valens appointed Varazdat King of Armenia.Template:Sfn At this time, a large Roman army was present in Armenia, and consequently the Armenian nobility had little choice but to accept Varazdat as king.Template:Sfn Varazdat began his rule under the regency of Mushegh Mamikonian, the Template:Transliteration (general-in-chief) and leader of the pro-Roman party in Armenia.Template:SfnTemplate:Sfn However, the young king soon clashed with Mushegh.Template:Sfn In the view of historian Hakob Manandian, Varazdat sought to strengthen the Arsacid monarchy, which had been reduced to a subordinate role by the Romans and their allies the Mamikonians; for this reason he came into conflict with Mushegh.Template:Sfn In Faustus's history, Varazdat's tutor (Template:Transliteration), Bat Saharuni, slanders Mushegh before Varazdat and incites him to assassinate the Template:Transliteration. Among the accusations levied against Mushegh were that he was complicit in the murder of Varazdat's predecessor Pap and that he was conspiring with the Romans to turn Armenia into a Roman province and dethrone the Arsacids.Template:Sfn According to Manandian and Josef Markwart, these accusations were not baseless, and Mushegh's policies were indeed reducing the power of the monarchy and would have likely ended in Armenia's total annexation by Rome.Template:Sfn

In early 377, the Roman units in Armenia were withdrawn and sent west to fight the Goths.Template:Sfn It was probably after this that Varazdat had Mushegh assassinated at a banquet.Template:Sfn Varazdat then appointed his tutor Bat Saharuni as Template:Transliteration, depriving the Mamikonians of their hereditary office.Template:Sfn After this, Mushegh's kinsman Manuel Mamikonian escaped from captivity in Persia and marched against Varazdat to avenge his relative and reclaim the office of Template:Transliteration. According to Faustus, the forces of Varazdat and Manuel met on the field of Karin and the two engaged in single combat, with Manuel emerging victorious but sparing the young king's life.Template:Sfn Varazdat then fled to the Roman Empire.Template:Sfn Manuel made the two young sons of Pap, Arshak and Vagharshak, co-rulers of Armenia under the formal regency of their mother Zarmandukht.Template:SfnTemplate:Sfn

Movses Khorenatsi gives a different, less likely version of Varazdat's reign, in which Varazdat conspires with the Persians, for which he is called before the Roman emperor (whom Khorenatsi erroneously calls Theodosius) and exiled to the island of Thule.Template:Sfn

See also

• List of Armenian Olympic medalists

External links

• Photo of Varazdat’s statue bust on p.8 at Ministry of Nature Protection of the Republic of Armenia – Specially Protected Nature Areas of Armenia