Vaccinium myrtilloides

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Template:Short description Template:Speciesbox Vaccinium myrtilloides is a North American species of blueberry with common names including common blueberry, velvetleaf huckleberry, velvetleaf blueberry, Canadian blueberry, and sourtop blueberry.[1]

Description

Vaccinium myrtilloides is a low spreading deciduous shrub growing up to Template:Convert tall,[2] often spreading to form small thickets. Young stems have stiff dense bristly hairs. The leaves are Template:Convert long, green,[2] paler underneath with velvety hairs. The flowers are white, bell-shaped, Template:Convert long. The fruit is a small sweet bright blue to dark blue berry.[3]

Cytology is 2n = 24.[4][5]

Distribution and habitat

It is common in much of North America, reported from all 10 Canadian provinces plus Nunavut and Northwest Territories, as well as from the northeastern and Great Lakes states in the United States. It is also known to occur in Montana and Washington.[3]

Ecology

Vaccinium myrtilloides grows best in open coniferous woods with dry loose acidic soils; it is also found in forested bogs and rocky areas. It is fire-tolerant and is often abundant following forest fires or clear-cut logging. Vaccinium myrtilloides hybridizes in the wild with V. angustifolium (lowbush blueberry).[4][5]

It is an important food source for black bears, deer, small mammals, and birds.

Conservation

This species is listed as endangered in Indiana and Connecticut,[6] as threatened in Iowa and Ohio, and as sensitive in Washington.[7]

Cultivation

Vaccinium myrtilloides is cultivated and grown commercially in Canada and Maine, primarily harvested from managed wild patches. The edible fruit[2] is one of the sweetest blueberries known.

Native American ethnobotany

As cuisine

The Abenaki consume the fruit as part of their traditional diet.[8] The Nihithawak Cree eat the berries raw, make them into jam and eat it with fish and bannock, and boil or pound the sun-dried berries into pemmican.[9] The Hesquiaht First Nation make pies and preserves from the berries.[10] The Hoh and Quileute consume the fruit raw, stew the berries and make them into a sauce, and can the berries and use them as a winter food.[11] The Ojibwa make use of the berries, gathering and selling them, eating them fresh, sun drying and canning them for future use.[12] The Nlaka'pamux make the berries into pies.[13] The Algonquin people gather the fruit to eat and sell.[14] The berries are part of Potawatomi traditional cuisine, and are eaten fresh, dried, and canned.[15]

As medicine

The Nihithawak Cree use a decoction of leafy stems used to bring menstruation and prevent pregnancy, to make a person sweat, to slow excessive menstrual bleeding, to bring blood after childbirth, and to prevent miscarriage.[9] The Potawatomi also use the root bark of the plant for an unspecified ailment.[16]

Other uses

The Nihithawak Cree use the berries to dye porcupine quills.[9]

See also

References

Template:Reflist

Template:Blueberries Template:Taxonbar

  1. ↑ Michaux, Flora Borealis-Americana 1: 234. 1803.
  2. ↑ a b c Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  3. ↑ a b Template:EFloras
  4. ↑ a b Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".
  5. ↑ a b Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".
  6. ↑ "Connecticut's Endangered, Threatened and Special Concern Species 2015". State of Connecticut Department of Energy and Environmental Protection Bureau of Natural Resources. Retrieved 31 December 2017.(Note: This list is newer than the one used by plants.usda.gov and is more up-to-date.)
  7. ↑ Template:PLANTS
  8. ↑ Rousseau, Jacques, 1947, Ethnobotanique Abenakise, Archives de Folklore 11:145-182, page 152, 171
  9. ↑ a b c Leighton, Anna L., 1985, Wild Plant Use by the Woods Cree (Nihithawak) of East-Central Saskatchewan, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 63
  10. ↑ Turner, Nancy J. and Barbara S. Efrat, 1982, Ethnobotany of the Hesquiat Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 67
  11. ↑ Reagan, Albert B., 1936, Plants Used by the Hoh and Quileute Indians, Kansas Academy of Science 37:55-70, page 67
  12. ↑ Reagan, Albert B., 1928, Plants Used by the Bois Fort Chippewa (Ojibwa) Indians of Minnesota, Wisconsin Archeologist 7(4):230-248, page 238
  13. ↑ Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany: Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 218
  14. ↑ Black, Meredith Jean, 1980, Algonquin Ethnobotany: An Interpretation of Aboriginal Adaptation in South Western Quebec, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series Number 65, page 103
  15. ↑ Smith, Huron H., 1933, Ethnobotany of the Forest Potawatomi Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 7:1-230, page 99
  16. ↑ Smith, Huron H., 1933, Ethnobotany of the Forest Potawatomi Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 7:1-230, page 57
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