User:Reddi

SEMI-RETIRED

... due to a variety of reasons; Cheers.

This user is no longer very active on Wikipedia.

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The current time and date is 18:04, 23 April, 2026 (UTC). — Current articles total: 2,203,210 Main General Wiki.history >> Sandbox >> 图 Contact email:Reddi >> Comments >> Messages >> Useful Toolserver >> Formattings >> Notes and articles>> WP:Info Secret stats >> WP:WP >> Special articles >> wikimail: >> Review Editor review 2011 A Moment of Zen Last peace : 05:54, 13 June 2014 (UTC) Currently Reading [1303.6614] On the Statistical Significance of the Bulk Flow Measured by the PLANCK Satellite. arxiv.org Favorite Color Red noframe noframe Articles Please edit and improve these ... Terpander Instanton Cliodynamics List of emerging technologies Native Americans in the United States Kansas in the American Civil War Significant other Bison hunting Tipi ... and other articles, like History stubs, that need to be expanded. I have improved these articles ... Universal history Historical powers History of electromagnetism History of mathematical notation History of writing Atmospheric electricity Emerging technologies Invention of radio John Stone Stone Maritime history Pax Americana Necho II ... and quite a few other articles. I'm interested in these ... History Prehistory Ancient history Medieval history Early modern history Renaissance Modern history Contemporary history ... and many more (like the Kaw people and the Delaware). Awards noframe noframe Editor service award Complete and Perfect Tutnum of the Encyclopedia. Edits 44444+ First edit 2003-07-04 13:34:12 Image uploads 125+ Portals My site A collection of life, the universe, and everything ... Symbaloo Recommended site A website that you should check out ... Maritime history [SMxNS] ... so, go check it out. Maybe you will have fun or learn something interesting. Radio and music Wanna listen to something? Check out these iStations ... radio-locator.com bbc.co.uk/iplayer www.npr.org betterpropaganda.com ... maybe you will find some good sounds for your ears. Sugested sounds I currently favor and am listening to ... The Iceberg/Freedom Of Speech... Just Watch What You Say! ... and it's good. You should check it out. Movies and shows Wanna watch something? Check out this entertainment ... Moon (film) Once (film) Equilibrium (film) Heist (film) Star Wars Episode IV: A New Hope Blade Runner Paycheck (film) 2001: A Space Odyssey The Matrix Mr. & Mrs. Smith (2005 film) The Assassination of Jesse James by the Coward Robert Ford ... maybe you will find some good thoughts for your head. Free energy Alternative free energy, in a strict sense, is energy directly transceived from the environment, and utilized without any artificial aid. In a technical sense, free energy means an energy source supplied directly by the environment in unlimited quantity (and this can not be depleted). Free energy here is equated with renewable energy, which is energy from a source which is not subject to depletion and does not include energy sources which are dependent upon limited resources. For more, see these articles ... Sustainable renewable and alternative energy Soft energy technology and renewable energy commercialization Energy development and sustainable energy Distributed generation and energy development "Free energy" generally means that the primary energy source is "free" (i.e. does not cost anything) for consumption. Thus, free energy is the energy with no or negligible feedstock costs, including solar power (sometimes referred to as "electro-radiant energy"), telluric power, water power, and wind power. Free energy is reported in perpetual motion machines and the inquiries can be engaged in serious discussion of such machines in Free energy and perpetual motion history. Quotes There manifests itself in the fully developed being - Man - a desire mysterious, inscrutable and irresistible: to imitate nature, to create, to work himself the wonders he perceives. Long ago he recognized that all perceptible matter comes from a primary substance, or tenuity beyond conception, filling all space, the Akasa or luminiferous aether, which is acted upon by the life giving Prana or creative force, calling into existence, in never ending cycles all things and phenomena. The primary substance, thrown into infinitesimal whirls of prodigious velocity, becomes gross matter; the force subsiding, the motion ceases and matter disappears, reverting to the primary substance. — Nikola Tesla Man's Greatest Achievement May 13, 1907 The scientific man does not aim at an immediate result. He does not expect that his advanced ideas will be readily taken up. His work is like that of a planter for the future. His duty is to lay the foundation of those who are to come and point the way. — Nikola Tesla Userboxes Template:Template other Template:Template other Template:Template other Template:Template other Template:Template other Current mood nofrane nofrane Cool #9 Faces Angel · Cool · Crying · Devilish · Embarrassed · Kiss · Monkey · Plain · Raspberry · Sad · Smile · Big smile · Smirk · Surprised · Wink Netizen Real Name: J. D. Redding Nickname: Reddi (Slang: ready) Location: USA - NA - Terra - Sol Website: The Redding Project Gender: Male Go Search   Edit Books I ... File:SanDiegoCityCollegeLearningResource - bookshelf.jpg Books that I own will be listed, though they are not as many as the ones in the picture. ... own, use, have read, or use for the rainy days will be listed below. Though this is a listing of books I had owned, not everything I had and read will I list here. The books I ... recommend ... McWilliams, P. (1994). Life 101: Everything we wish we had learned about life in school — but didn't. Los Angeles, Calif: Prelude Press. Trefil, J. S. (1992). 1001 things everyone should know about science. New York: Doubleday. Sindermann, C. J. (1982). Winning the games scientists play. New York: Plenum Press. Hovenden, F. (1905). On false education. London: Watts. Huxley, A. (1921) Crome Yellow. (1932) Brave New World. (1958) Brave New World Revisited. Huxley, A. (1945). The Perennial Philosophy. Harper & Brothers. Dekker, T., Smeaton, W. H. O. (1620). The Pleasant Comedy of Old Fortunatus. read and find interesting ... Heckscher, M., & Rogalski, M. (2006). Use this book!: The only book you'll ever need. Philadelphia: Quirk Books. Pheby, J. A. (1995). What's that: The Oxford visual dictionary of nearly everything. New York: Tess Press. Bothamley, J. (1993). Dictionary of theories. London: Gale Research International. Reader's Digest Association. (1986). How to do just about anything. Pleasantville, N.Y.: Reader's Digest Association Kuper, A., & Kuper, J. (1985). The Social science encyclopedia. London: Routledge & Kegan Paul. Ryan, M. G. (1979). The complete encyclopedia of stitchery. Garden City, N.Y.: Doubleday. Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, & Jay, F. (1977). IEEE standard dictionary of electrical and electronics terms. New York: Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers. Graf, R. F. (1974). Radio Shack dictionary of electronics. Fort Worth, Tex: Radio Shack. Encyclopaedia Britannica, inc. (1957). Encyclopedia Britannica 1957. Chicago, Ill: Encyclopaedia Britannica. Singer, C. J., & Williams, T. I. (1954). A History of Technology. Oxford: Clarendon Press (Volume 1 to 5) McClane, A. J. (1951). The Wise fishermen's encyclopedia: An encyclopedic handbook for fishermen covering the game fish of the world and how to catch them. New York: Wm. H. Wise &. The Lincoln library of essential information; An up-to date manual for daily reference, for self-instruction, and for general culture. (1924). Buffalo: The Frontier Press. Chisholm, H. (1922). The Encyclopædia britannica; the new volumes, constituting, in combination with the twenty-nine volumes of the eleventh edition, the twelfth edition of that work, and also supplying a new, distinctive, and independent library of reference dealing with events and developments of the period 1910 to 1921 inclusive. London: Encyclopædia Britannica, Co. (Volume 1 to 3) Hawkins electrical guide ... Questions, answers & illustrations; a progressive course of study for engineers, electricians, students and those desiring to acquire a working knowledge of electricity and its applications; a practical treatise. (1917). New York: T. Audel &. Volume 1 - 10. have read ... Ikenson, B. (2004). Patents : Ingenious Inventions, How They Work and How They Came to Be. Black Dog & Leventhal Publishers. 288 pages. United States. (2003). Soldier's manual of common tasks: Skill level 1. Field manual. Washington (d.c.): Department of the Army; Headquarters. Iannini, R. E. (2003). Electronic gadgets for the evil genius: 21 build-it-yourself projects. TAB electronics. New York: McGraw-Hill. Valone, T. (2002). Harnessing the wheelwork of nature: Tesla's science of energy. Kempton, Ill: Adventure Unlimited Press. Tesla, N., & Childress, D. H. (2000). The Tesla papers. Kempton, Ill: Adventures Unlimited. Seifer, M. J. (1998). Wizard: The life and times of Nikola Tesla : biography of a genius. New York: Citadel Press/Kensington Publishing. Tesla, N., & Childress, D. H. (1993). The fantastic inventions of Nikola Tesla. The Lost science series. Stelle, Ill: Adventures Unlimited. Wright, R. (1992). Stolen continents: The Americas through Indian eyes since 1492. Boston: Houghton Mifflin. Hart, M. H. (1992). The 100: A ranking of the most influential persons in history. Secausus, N.J.: Carol Pub. Group. Laubin, R., Laubin, G., & Vestal, S. (1989). The Indian tipi: Its history, construction, and use. Norman, Okla: University of Oklahoma Press. Fletcher, C., & Fletcher, C. (1984). The complete walker III: The joys and techniques of hiking and backpacking. New York: Knopf. Cheney, M. (1981). "Tesla: Man Out of Time". New York, Barnes & Noble Books. Grant, M. (1978). History of Rome. New York: Scribner's.' Burke, J. (1978). Connections. Boston: Little, Brown. Cain, A. H. (1970). Young people and revolution. New York: John Day. Andrews, E. B. (1914). History of the United States, Illustrated. Volume 6. Scribner's. recommend for a rainy day ... Adams, D. (1993). Mostly harmless. Hitchiker series ; 05. New York: Ballantine Books. McWilliams, P. (1990). Life 101: Everything we wish we had learned about life in school--but didn't. Los Angeles, Calif: Prelude Press. Adams, D., Adams, D., Adams, D., Adams, D., & Adams, D. (1991). The complete hitchhiker's guide to the galaxy. Voyager expanded book. Santa Monica, CA: Voyager. Tolkien, J. R. R. (1977). The Silmarillion. New York: Ballantine Books. Tolkien, J. R. R. (1973). The fellowship of the ring: Being the first part of The lord of the rings. The Lord of the rings, Pt. 1. New York: Ballantine Books. Tolkien, J. R. R. (1973). The two towers: Being the second part of The lord of the rings. The lord of the rings, Pt. 2. New York: Ballantine Books. Tolkien, J. R. R. (1973). The return of the king: Being the third part of The lord of the rings. The lord of the rings, Pt. 3. New York: Ballantine Books. Tolkien, J. R. R., & Tolkien, C. (1984). The book of lost tales: Part I. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Company. read for fun ... Lacroix, N., & Lacroix, N. (2004). The better sex guide: How to enjoy and maintain a healthy sex life in a loving relationship : the book for modern lovers everywhere. London: Hermes House. Lebowitz, F. (1978). Metropolitan life. New York: Dutton. Hallmark Cards, Inc. (1960). Poetry for pleasure; The Hallmark book of poetry. Garden City, N.Y.: Doubleday. wish I had ... Tesla, N., & Marinčić, A. (1978). Colorado Springs notes, 1899-1900. Beograd: Nolit. Tolkien, J. R. R. (1966). The hobbit, or, There and back again. Boston: Houghton Mifflin. Martin, T. C., & Tesla, N. (1894). The inventions, researches and writings of Nikola Tesla: With special reference to his work in polyphase currents and high potential lighting. New York: The Electrical Engineer. Websites I ... File:Laptop-ebook.jpg Websites that I use will be listed; a great deal of good information is available outside of wikimedia. ... use and consult will be listed below. Though this is a listing of websites I like, not everything I have bookmarked and consult will I list here; but I will add the sites that I have in my collection as time time goes on that I like. The sites I ... suggest ... wikiHow : How-to Manual Wiki2 : Front End; See the Chrome Extension consult and use ... Internet Archive : i.Archive Sacred Archive : i.Sacred Text Google (Google products) G.Search : Google Search : web engine G.Books : Google Book Search : book text G.Scholar : Google Scholar : scholarly literature Internet History Sourcebooks Project Modern Sourcebook : Modern sources Medieval Sourcebook : Medieval sources Ancient Sourcebook : Ancient sources MIT OpenCourseWare : educational materials check for current events... News publications Google News : news.google.com C-SPAN : c-span.org NewsHour with Jim Lehrer : pbs.org/newshour Frontline : pbs.org/frontline BBC News : news.bbc.co.uk Current TV : current.com Technology publications Wired : wired.com Popular Mechanics : popularmechanics.com Science publications Popular Science : popsci.com Scientific American : scientificamerican.com New Scientist : newscientist.com Nature : nature.com Government Executive Office : whitehouse.gov/ Representatives : house.gov Senate : senate.gov/ visit for fun ... Colbert Nation : colbertnation.com Robot Chicken : adultswim.com/robotchicken History Timelines Universe Timeline Astronomical year numbering <timeline> ImageSize = width:500 height:150 PlotArea = left:65 right:15 bottom:20 top:5 AlignBars = justify Colors = id:time value:rgb(0.7,0.7,1) # id:period value:rgb(1,0.7,0.5) # id:age value:rgb(0.95,0.85,0.5) # id:era value:rgb(1,0.85,0.5) # id:eon value:rgb(1,0.85,0.7) # id:filler value:gray(0.8) # background bar id:black value:black id:period1 value:rgb(1,1,0.7) # light yellow id:period2 value:rgb(0.7,0.7,1) # light blue id:events value:rgb(1,0.7,1) # light purple id:era2 value:lightorange id:era1 Value:yellowgreen Period = from:-13798000000 till:2013 TimeAxis = orientation:horizontal ScaleMajor = unit:year increment:10000000000 start:-4404000000 ScaleMinor = unit:year increment:100000000 start:-4404000000 PlotData = align:center textcolor:black fontsize:10 mark:(line,black) width:15 bar:Era mark:(line,white) align:center shift:(0,0) from:-12798000000 till:2013 color:era2 text:"Stelliferous Era" bar:Age align:center shift:(0,0) mark:(line,white) from:-13798000000 till:-6013428572 color:period1 shift:(0,0) text:"Dark Ages" from:-6013428572 till:-1871142858 color:period2 shift:(0,0) text:"Reionization" from:-880000000 till:2013 color:period1 shift:(0,5) text:"Milky Way" from:-541000000 till:2013 color:period2 shift:(0,-10) text:"Life" mark:(line,purple) textcolor:black fontsize:M bar:Events color:events align:left at:-13798000000 shift:(0,5) text:"Nuclei and electrons form atoms.~Photon CMBR" at:-6013428572 shift:(0,10) text:"Light" at:-5798000000 shift:(0,-5) text:"Galaxies" at:-4798000000 shift:(0,10) text:"Stars" at:-4404000000 shift:(0,-30) text:"Earth" at:-4404000000 shift:(0,-20) text:"Sun" at:2013 mark:(line,magenta) shift:(-30,42) text:"Present" Bar:Creation color:filler from:-13798000000 till:-12798000000 Shift:(-12,0) text:'Free' from:-13798000000 till:-12798000000 Shift:(22,0) text:Spacetime from:-13798000000 till:-12798000000 Shift:(-12,-13) text:"Virtual particles" from:-13798000000 till:-12798000000 Shift:(80,-13) text:" / Particles" from:-12798000000 till:-3798000000 Shift:(-50,0) text:Formation and evolution from:-3798000000 till:2013 Shift:(-50,-19) text:Mid-Stelliferous Bar:Formed color:filler from:-13798000000 till:-13655142858 Shift:(0,-5) text:primordial from:-13655142858 till:-13369428573 Shift:(5,-15) text:recombined from:-13369428573 till:-12798000000 Shift:(10,-25) text:ionization bar:  color:filler from:-13798000000 till:-5913428572 text:Early Universe from:-5913428572 till:-1971142858 Shift:(-40,0) text:Middle Universe from:-1971142858 till:2013 Shift:(-40,10) text:Late Universe </timeline> Dates are approximate, consult particular article for details Template:See See also: $⟨O⟩$, $\hat{H}$, $i^2=j^2=k^2=ijk=-1$, ${\mathscr{H}}$ Template:Also Template:Also Template:Also Template:Also Template:Also Template:Also Solar History <timeline> ImageSize = width:500 height:55 PlotArea = left:65 right:15 bottom:20 top:5 AlignBars = justify Colors = id:time value:rgb(0.7,0.7,1) # id:period value:rgb(1,0.7,0.5) # id:age value:rgb(0.95,0.85,0.5) # id:era value:rgb(1,0.85,0.5) # id:eon value:rgb(1,0.85,0.7) # id:filler value:gray(0.8) # background bar id:black value:black Period = from:-6013428572 till:-4404000000 TimeAxis = orientation:horizontal ScaleMajor = unit:year increment:500000000 start:-6013428572 ScaleMinor = unit:year increment:50000000 start:-6013428572 PlotData = align:center textcolor:black fontsize:10 mark:(line,black) width:15 bar:MWG color:filler from:-6013428572 till:-4404000000 shift:(5,0) text:Milky Way galaxy from:-4564000000 till:-4564000000 shift:(0,3) text:Habitable at:-6013428572 shift:(15,0) text:"Light" at:-5798000000 shift:(0,-15) text:"Galaxies" at:-4798000000 text:"Stars" bar:Sol color:filler from:-4564000000 shift:(0,7) till:-4550000000 text:Sol formation from:-4564000000 shift:(0,-5) till:-4404000000 text:Sol from:-4550000000 shift:(0,-16) till:-4404000000 text:Proto-Earth </timeline> See also: Sun phases Terran Timeline Geologic Earth history <timeline> ImageSize = width:500 height:120 PlotArea = left:65 right:15 bottom:20 top:5 AlignBars = justify Colors = id:phanerozoic value:rgb(0.435,0.854,0.929) id:cenozoic value:rgb(0.964,0.925,0.223) id:quaternary value:rgb(0.996,0.964,0.568) id:neogene value:rgb(0.996,0.866,0.176) id:paleogene value:rgb(0.996,0.631,0.388) id:mesozoic value:rgb(0.027,0.792,0.917) id:cretaceous value:rgb(0.435,0.784,0.419) id:jurassic value:rgb(0,0.733,0.905) id:triassic value:rgb(0.6,0.305,0.588) id:paleozoic value:rgb(0.572,0.764,0.627) id:permian value:rgb(0.941,0.345,0.235) id:carboniferous value:rgb(0.247,0.682,0.678) id:devonian value:rgb(0.866,0.588,0.317) id:silurian value:rgb(0.65,0.874,0.772) id:ordovician value:rgb(0,0.662,0.541) id:cambrian value:rgb(0.505,0.666,0.447) id:precambrian value:rgb(0.996,0.356,0.443) id:proterozoic value:rgb(0.996,0.298,0.407) id:neoproterozoic value:rgb(0.996,0.717,0.341) id:ediacaran value:rgb(0.996,0.84,0.48) id:cryogenian value:rgb(0.996,0.8,0.43) id:tonian value:rgb(0.996,0.76,0.38) id:mesoproterozoic value:rgb(0.996,0.721,0.446) id:stenian value:rgb(0.996,0.84,0.63) id:ectasian value:rgb(0.996,0.8,0.58) id:calymmian value:rgb(0.996,0.76,0.53) id:paleoproterozoic value:rgb(0.996,0.356,0.443) id:statherian value:rgb(0.996,0.52,0.63) id:orosirian value:rgb(0.996,0.48,0.58) id:rhyacian value:rgb(0.996,0.44,0.53) id:siderian value:rgb(0.996,0.40,0.48) id:archean value:rgb(0.996,0,0.486) id:neoarchean value:rgb(0.996,0.65,0.729) id:mesoarchean value:rgb(0.996,0.486,0.639) id:paleoarchean value:rgb(0.996,0.356,0.592) id:eoarchean value:rgb(0.933,0,0.490) id:hadean value:rgb(0.796,0.011,0.505) id:black value:black id:white value:white Period = from:-4567 till:0 TimeAxis = orientation:horizontal ScaleMajor = unit:year increment:500 start:-4404 ScaleMinor = unit:year increment:100 start:-4404 Define $markred = text:"*" textcolor:red shift:(0,3) fontsize:10 PlotData= align:center textcolor:black fontsize:8 mark:(line,black) width:25 shift:(0,-5) bar:supereon from: start till: -542 text:Precambrian color:precambrian bar:eon at: 0 align:right $markred at: -542 align:left $markred shift:(2,3) from: -542 till: 0 text:Phanerozoic color:phanerozoic from: -2500 till: -542 text:Proterozoic color:proterozoic from: -4000 till: -2500 text:Archean color:archean from: start till: -4000 text:Hadean color:hadean bar:era from: -65.5 till: 0 shift:(0,-5) text:C color:cenozoic from: -251 till: -65.5 shift:(0,5) text:Meso color:mesozoic from: -542 till: -251 shift:(0,-5) text:Paleozoic color:paleozoic from: -1000 till: -542 shift:(0,5) text:Neoproterozoic color:neoproterozoic from: -1600 till: -1000 shift:(0,-5) text:Mesoproterozoic color:mesoproterozoic from: -2500 till: -1600 shift:(0,5) text:Paleoproterozoic color:paleoproterozoic from: -2800 till: -2500 shift:(0,-5) text:Neoarch color:neoarchean from: -3200 till: -2800 shift:(0,5) text:Mesoarch color:mesoarchean from: -3600 till: -3200 shift:(0,-5) text:Paleoarch color:paleoarchean from: -4000 till: -3600 shift:(0,5) text:Eoarchean color:eoarchean from: start till: -4000 color:white bar:period fontsize:6 from: -2.6 till: 0 color:quaternary from: -23.03 till: -2.6 color:neogene from: -65.5 till: -23.03 color:paleogene from: -145.5 till: -65.5 color:cretaceous from: -199.6 till: -145.5 color:jurassic from: -251 till: -199.6 color:triassic from: -299 till: -251 color:permian from: -359.2 till: -299 color:carboniferous from: -416 till: -359.2 color:devonian from: -443.7 till: -416 color:silurian from: -488.3 till: -443.7 color:ordovician from: -542 till: -488.3 color:cambrian from: -635 till: -542 shift:(0,-5) text:Ed. color:ediacaran from: -850 till: -635 shift:(0,5) text:Cryo color:cryogenian from: -1000 till: -850 shift:(0,-5) text:Tonian color:tonian from: -1200 till: -1000 shift:(0,5) text:Stenian color:stenian from: -1400 till: -1200 shift:(0,-5) text:Ectasian color:ectasian from: -1600 till: -1400 shift:(0,5) text:Calymm color:calymmian from: -1800 till: -1600 shift:(0,-5) text:Stather color:statherian from: -2050 till: -1800 shift:(0,5) text:Orosirian color:orosirian from: -2300 till: -2050 shift:(0,-5) text:Rhyacian color:rhyacian from: -2500 till: -2300 shift:(0,5) text:Siderian color:siderian from: start till: -2500 color:white </timeline> Template:Also Lunar History Template:Also <timeline> ImageSize = width:500 height:75 PlotArea = left:65 right:15 bottom:20 top:5 AlignBars = justify Colors = id:prenectarian value:rgb(0.823,0.302,0.380) id:nectarian value:rgb(0.898,0.329,0.071) id:imbrian value:rgb(0,0.481,0.811) id:earlyimbrian value:rgb(0,0.404,0.741) id:lateimbrian value:rgb(0,0.557,0.882) id:eratosthenian value:rgb(0.238,0.839,0.728) id:copernican value:rgb(0.5,0.5,0.5) Period = from:-4404000000 till:2013 TimeAxis = orientation:horizontal ScaleMajor = unit:year increment:1000000000 start:-4404000000 ScaleMinor = unit:year increment:50000000 start:-4404000000 PlotData= align:center textcolor:black fontsize:8 mark:(line,black) shift:(0,-5) bar:Period width:10 from: -1100000000 till: 2013 text:Copernican color:copernican from:-3200000000 till: -1100000000 text:Eratosthenian color:eratosthenian from:-3850000000 till: -3200000000 text:Imbrian color:imbrian from: -3920000000 till: -3850000000 text:N shift:(2,7) color:nectarian from: start till: -3920000000 text:Pre-N color:prenectarian bar:Epoch from: -3200000000 till: 2013 color:white from: -3800000000 till: -3200000000 text:Late color:lateimbrian from: -3850000000 till: -3800000000 text:Early shift:(-20,-5) color:earlyimbrian from: start till: -3850000000 color:white </timeline> Template:Also Template:Also Template:Also Earth History <timeline> ImageSize = width:500 height:55 PlotArea = left:65 right:15 bottom:20 top:5 AlignBars = justify Colors = id:time value:rgb(0.7,0.7,1) # id:period value:rgb(1,0.7,0.5) # id:age value:rgb(0.95,0.85,0.5) # id:era value:rgb(1,0.85,0.5) # id:eon value:rgb(1,0.85,0.7) # id:filler value:gray(0.8) # background bar id:black value:black Period = from:-4404000000 till:2013 TimeAxis = orientation:horizontal ScaleMajor = unit:year increment:1000000000 start:-4404000000 ScaleMinor = unit:year increment:100000000 start:-4404000000 PlotData = align:center textcolor:black fontsize:10 mark:(line,black) width:15 shift:(0,-5) bar:  color:filler from:-4404000000 till:-1887428572 text:Early Earth from:-1887428572 till:-629142858 text:Middle Earth from:-629142858 till:2013 shift:(5,0) text:Late Earth bar:Time color:filler from: start till:-542000000 text:Precambrian from: -542000000 till:2013 text:Phanerozoic </timeline> Dates are approximate, consult particular article for details Early Earth <timeline> ImageSize = width:500 height:55 PlotArea = left:65 right:15 bottom:20 top:5 AlignBars = justify Colors = id:time value:rgb(0.7,0.7,1) # id:period value:rgb(1,0.7,0.5) # id:age value:rgb(0.95,0.85,0.5) # id:era value:rgb(1,0.85,0.5) # id:eon value:rgb(1,0.85,0.7) # id:filler value:gray(0.8) # background bar id:black value:black Period = from:-4404000000 till:-1887428572 TimeAxis = orientation:horizontal ScaleMajor = unit:year increment:1000000000 start:-4404000000 ScaleMinor = unit:year increment:100000000 start:-4404000000 PlotData = align:center textcolor:black fontsize:10 mark:(line,black) width:15 shift:(0,-5) bar:  color:filler from:-4404000000 till:-1887428572 text:Early Earth bar:era color:filler from: -4404000000 till: -4000000000 text:Hadean from: -4000000000 till: -3600000000 text:Eoar. from: -3600000000 till: -3200000000 text:Paleoar. from: -3200000000 till: -2800000000 text:Mesoar. from: -2800000000 till: -2500000000 text:Neoar. from: -2500000000 till: -1887428572 text:Paleoprot. </timeline> Template:Also Template:Also Template:Also Template:Also Template:Also Template:Also Template:Also Middle Earth <timeline> ImageSize = width:500 height:55 PlotArea = left:65 right:15 bottom:20 top:5 AlignBars = justify Colors = id:time value:rgb(0.7,0.7,1) # id:period value:rgb(1,0.7,0.5) # id:age value:rgb(0.95,0.85,0.5) # id:era value:rgb(1,0.85,0.5) # id:eon value:rgb(1,0.85,0.7) # id:filler value:gray(0.8) # background bar id:black value:black Period = from:-1887428572 till:-629142858 TimeAxis = orientation:horizontal ScaleMajor = unit:year increment:1000000000 start:-1887428572 ScaleMinor = unit:year increment:100000000 start:-1887428572 PlotData = align:center textcolor:black fontsize:10 mark:(line,black) width:15 shift:(0,-5) bar:  color:filler from:-1887428572 till:-629142858 text:Middle Earth bar:era color:filler from: -1887428572 till: -1600000000 text:Paleoprot. from: -1600000000 till: -1000000000 text:Mesoprot. from: -1000000000 till: -629142858 text:Neoprot. </timeline> Template:Also Template:Also Phanerozoic Late Earth See also: Ordovician extinction, Age of Fish, Age of Reptiles Template:Also Template:Also Template:Also <timeline> ImageSize = width:500 height:100 PlotArea = left:65 right:15 bottom:20 top:5 AlignBars = justify Colors = id:phanerozoic value:rgb(0.435,0.854,0.929) id:cenozoic value:rgb(0.964,0.925,0.223) id:quaternary value:rgb(0.996,0.964,0.568) id:neogene value:rgb(0.996,0.866,0.176) id:paleogene value:rgb(0.996,0.631,0.388) id:mesozoic value:rgb(0.027,0.792,0.917) id:cretaceous value:rgb(0.435,0.784,0.419) id:jurassic value:rgb(0,0.733,0.905) id:triassic value:rgb(0.6,0.305,0.588) id:paleozoic value:rgb(0.572,0.764,0.627) id:permian value:rgb(0.941,0.345,0.235) id:carboniferous value:rgb(0.247,0.682,0.678) id:devonian value:rgb(0.866,0.588,0.317) id:silurian value:rgb(0.65,0.874,0.772) id:ordovician value:rgb(0,0.662,0.541) id:cambrian value:rgb(0.505,0.666,0.447) id:black value:black id:white value:white id:darkgreen value:rgb(0,0.35,0) Period = from:-542 till:0 TimeAxis = orientation:horizontal ScaleMajor = unit:year increment:100 start:-500 ScaleMinor = unit:year increment:10 start:-540 Define $markred = text:"*" textcolor:red shift:(0,3) fontsize:10 Define $markgreen = text:"*" textcolor:darkgreen shift:(0,3) fontsize:10 PlotData= align:center textcolor:black fontsize:8 mark:(line,black) width:25 shift:(0,-5) bar:eon at: 0 align:right $markred at: -542 align:left $markred shift:(2,3) from: -542 till: 0 text:Phanerozoic color:phanerozoic bar:era at: 0 align:right $markgreen at: -65.5 align:left $markgreen shift:(2,3) from: -65.5 till: 0 text:Cenozoic color:cenozoic from: -251 till: -65.5 text:Mesozoic color:mesozoic from: -542 till: -251 text:Paleozoic color:paleozoic bar:period fontsize:8 from: -2.588 till: 0 shift:(0,-5) text:Q. color:quaternary from: -23.03 till: -2.588 shift:(0,5) text:Neo color:neogene from: -65.5 till: -23.03 shift:(0,-5) text:Paleogene color:paleogene from: -145.5 till: -65.5 shift:(-5,5) text:Cretaceous color:cretaceous from: -199.6 till: -145.5 shift:(0,-5) text:Jurassic color:jurassic from: -251.4 till: -199.6 shift:(0,5) text:Triassic color:triassic from: -299 till: -251.4 shift:(0,-5) text:Permian color:permian from: -359.2 till: -299 shift:(0,5) text:Carboniferous color:carboniferous from: -416 till: -359.2 shift:(0,-5) text:Devonian color:devonian from: -443.7 till: -416 shift:(0,5) text:Silurian color:silurian from: -488.3 till: -443.7 shift:(0,-5) text:Ordovician color:ordovician from: -542 till: -488.3 shift:(0,5) text:[[Cambrian] color:cambrian </timeline> Template:Also Template:Also Template:Also Template:Also Cenozoic Template:Also Template:Also <timeline> ImageSize = width:500 height:100 PlotArea = left:65 right:15 bottom:20 top:5 AlignBars = justify Colors = id:cenozoic value:rgb(0.964,0.925,0.223) id:quaternary value:rgb(0.996,0.964,0.568) id:holocene value:rgb(0.996,0.945,0.878) id:pleistocene value:rgb(0.996,0.937,0.678) id:neogene value:rgb(0.996,0.866,0.176) id:pliocene value:rgb(0.996,0.972,0.65) id:miocene value:rgb(0.996,0.937,0) id:paleogene value:rgb(0.996,0.631,0.388) id:oligocene value:rgb(0.996,0.764,0.525) id:eocene value:rgb(0.996,0.725,0.474) id:paleocene value:rgb(0.996,0.678,0.431) id:black value:black id:white value:white id:darkgreen value:rgb(0,0.35,0) Period = from:-65.5 till:0 TimeAxis = orientation:horizontal ScaleMajor = unit:year increment:10 start:-60 ScaleMinor = unit:year increment:1 start:-65 Define $markred = text:"*" textcolor:red shift:(0,3) fontsize:10 Define $markgreen = text:"*" textcolor:darkgreen shift:(0,3) fontsize:10 PlotData= align:center textcolor:black fontsize:8 mark:(line,black) width:15 shift:(0,-5) bar:era at: 0 align:right $markgreen at: start align:left $markgreen shift:(2,3) from:start till: 0 text:Cenozoic width:25 color:cenozoic bar:period at: 0 align:right $markred at: -2.588 align:left $markred shift:(2,3) from: -2.588 till: 0 shift:(3,0) text:Q. width:25 color:quaternary from: -23.03 till: -2.588 text:Neogene color:neogene from: start till: -23.03 text:Paleogene color:paleogene bar:epoch from: -0.1 till: 0 shift:(0,-5) text:H color:holocene from: -2.588 till: -0.1 shift:(0,5) text:P color:pleistocene from: -5.332 till: -2.588 shift:(0,-5) text:Pliocene color:pliocene fontsize:7 from: -23.03 till: -5.332 text:Miocene color:miocene from: -33.9 till: -23.03 shift:(0,-5) text:Oligocene color:oligocene from: -55.8 till: -33.9 text:Eocene color:eocene from: start till: -55.8 shift:(0,-5) text:Paleocene color:paleocene bar:  from: -6.5 till: -1.806 shift:(5,-3) text:Tertiary color:holocene width:5 </timeline> Quaternary Template:Also <timeline> ImageSize = width:500 height:200 PlotArea = left:65 right:15 bottom:20 top:5 AlignBars = justify Colors = id:quaternary value:rgb(0.996,0.964,0.568) id:holocene value:rgb(0.996,0.945,0.878) id:pleistocene value:rgb(0.996,0.937,0.678) id:late value:rgb(0.996,0.945,0.839) id:middle value:rgb(0.996,0.941,0.8) id:calabrian value:rgb(0.996,0.937,0.756) id:gelasian value:rgb(0.996,0.933,0.718) id:filler value:gray(0.8) # background bar Period = from:-2588000 till:2013 TimeAxis = orientation:horizontal ScaleMajor = unit:year increment:500000 start:-2588000 ScaleMinor = unit:year increment:100000 start:-2588000 Define $markred = text:"*" textcolor:red shift:(0,3) fontsize:10 Define $markgreen = text:"*" textcolor:darkgreen shift:(0,3) fontsize:10 PlotData= align:center textcolor:black fontsize:8 mark:(line,black) width:20 shift:(0,-5) bar:period at: 2013 align:right $markred at: -2588000 align:left $markred shift:(2,3) from: -2588000 till: 0 text:Quaternary color:quaternary bar:epoch from: -117000 till: 2013 text:Holocene color:holocene from: -2588000 till: -117000 text:Pleistocene_(P) color:pleistocene from: -126000 till: -117000 shift:(0,5) text:Late_P color:late from: -781000 till: -126000 text:Middle_P color:middle from: -2588000 till: -781000 shift:(-10,0) text:Early_P color:middle bar:Protohistory color:filler from: -2588000 till: -10000 shift:(-30,1) text:Paleolithic from: -2588000 till: -300000 shift:(50,-5) text:Lower from: -300000 till: -50000 shift:(0,5) text:Middle from: -50000 till: -10000 shift:(0,-5) text:Upper bar:Quaternary from: -2588000 till: -1806000 shift:(20,-5) text:Gelasian color:gelasian from: -1806000 till: -781000 shift:(20,-5) text:Calabrian color:calabrian from: -126000 till: -781000 shift:(-10,0) text:Ionian from: -117000 till: -126000 shift:(-15,5) text:Tarantian from: -117000 till: 2013 shift:(0,-10) text:Holocene color:holocene bar:Stone.Age color:filler from: -2588000 till: -1457144 text:Early from: -1457144 till: -485716 text:Middle from: -485716 till: -3250 shift:(0,2) text:Late bar:Lower.Paleo color:filler from: -2588000 till:-1750000 shift:(0,-7) text:Oldowan from: -1750000 till:-200000 shift:(0,-7) text:Acheulean from: -200000 till:-100000 shift:(0,-7) text:Clactonian bar:Humans color:filler from: -2000000 till: 2013 shift:(0,-7) text:Anatomically modern humans </timeline> Human Species Template:Also <timeline> ImageSize = width:500 height:175 PlotArea = left:65 right:15 bottom:20 top:5 AlignBars = justify Colors = id:quaternary value:rgb(0.996,0.964,0.568) id:holocene value:rgb(0.996,0.945,0.878) id:pleistocene value:rgb(0.996,0.937,0.678) id:late value:rgb(0.996,0.945,0.839) id:middle value:rgb(0.996,0.941,0.8) id:calabrian value:rgb(0.996,0.937,0.756) id:gelasian value:rgb(0.996,0.933,0.718) id:filler value:gray(0.8) # background bar Period = from:-2000000 till:2013 TimeAxis = orientation:horizontal ScaleMajor = unit:year increment:500000 start:-2000000 ScaleMinor = unit:year increment:100000 start:-2000000 Define $markred = text:"*" textcolor:red shift:(0,3) fontsize:10 Define $markgreen = text:"*" textcolor:darkgreen shift:(0,3) fontsize:10 PlotData= align:center textcolor:black fontsize:8 mark:(line,black) width:20 shift:(0,-5) bar:epoch from: -117000 till: 2013 text:Holocene color:holocene from: -2000000 till: -117000 text:Pleistocene_(P) color:pleistocene from: -126000 till: -117000 shift:(0,5) text:Late_P color:late from: -781000 till: -126000 text:Middle_P color:middle from: -2000000 till: -781000 shift:(-10,0) text:Early_P color:middle bar:Protohistory color:filler from: -2000000 till: -10000 shift:(-30,1) text:Paleolithic from: -2000000 till: -300000 shift:(50,-5) text:Lower from: -300000 till: -50000 shift:(0,5) text:Middle from: -50000 till: -10000 shift:(0,-5) text:Upper bar:Paleolithic color:filler from: -2000000 till:-1750000 shift:(0,1) text:Oldowan from: -1750000 till:-200000 shift:(0,1) text:Acheulean from: -200000 till:-100000 shift:(0,3) text:Clactonian from: -100000 till: -70000 text:Micoquien bar:Stone.Age color:filler from: -2000000 till: -1457144 text:Early from: -1457144 till: -485716 text:Middle from: -485716 till: -3250 text:Late bar:Humans color:filler from: -2000000 till: 2013 shift:(0,1) text:Anatomically modern humans </timeline> Template:Also Time of Humanity Template:Also <timeline> ImageSize = width:500 height:125 PlotArea = left:65 right:25 bottom:20 top:5 AlignBars = justify Colors = id:green value:rgb(0.996,0.945,0.878) id:nil value:gray(0.9) id:era value:rgb(0.996,0.941,0.8) id:age value:rgb(0.996,0.937,0.756) id:period1 value:rgb(0.996,0.945,0.839) id:period3 value:gray(0.8) # background bar Period = from:-2000000 till:2013 TimeAxis = orientation:horizontal ScaleMajor = unit:year increment:250000 start:-2000000 ScaleMinor = unit:year increment:20000 start:-2000000 PlotData= align:center textcolor:black fontsize:8 mark:(line,black) width:5 shift:(0,-5) bar:  from:-2000000 till:end width:35 color:period3 bar:  from:-2000000 till:end width:15 color:white bar:  at:-2000000 color:period3 shift:(-30,7) text:Genus Homo bar:  color:period3 from:-200000 till:-1800000 at:-1800000 shift:(0,8) text:H. erectus at:-1800000 text:H. ergaster at:-1800000 shift:(0,-24) text:H. georgicus bar:  color:period3 from:-1400000 till:end at:-1400000 shift:(0,-16) text:H. habilis bar:  color:period3 from:2013 till:-200000 at:-200000 text:H. sapiens bar:  color:period3 from:-1200000 shift:(0,4) till:-800000 text:H. antecessor bar:  color:period3 from:-29000 till:-230000 at:-230000 shift:(0,5) text:H. neanderthalensis bar:  color:period3 from:-230000 till:-600000 at:-600000 shift:(0,-10) width:5 text:H. heidelbergensis bar:Events color:nil mark:(line,black) at:-77000 shift:(0,5) text:Toba at:-640000 shift:(0,5) text:3rd Y. Caldera at:-1300000 shift:(0,5) text:2nd Y. Caldera bar:Events color:nil mark:(line,white) from:-13000 till:2013 text:H.~extinction from:-781000 till:-13000 text:Q.~extinction </timeline> See also: Homo habilis (-2.33e+06 | -1.4e+06), Homo rudolfensis (-1.9e+06), Homo gautengensis (-1.9e+06 | -0.6e+06), and Homo sapiens idaltu (-1.6e+06) See also: Java Man (-1.75e+06), Yuanmou Man (-1.75e+06 : -0.73e+06), Lantian Man (-1.7e+06), Nanjing Man (- 0.6e+06), Tautavel Man (- 0.5e+06), Peking Man (- 0.4e+06), Solo Man (- 0.4e+06), and Peştera cu Oase (- 0.378e+05) Humanity Transitions Template:Also <timeline> ImageSize = width:500 height:100 PlotArea = left:65 right:15 bottom:20 top:5 AlignBars = justify Colors = id:green value:rgb(0.996,0.945,0.878) id:nil value:rgb(0.996,0.945,0.839) id:era value:rgb(0.996,0.941,0.8) id:age value:rgb(0.996,0.937,0.756) id:period1 value:rgb(0.996,0.933,0.718) id:filler value:gray(0.8) # background bar Period = from:-100000 till:2013 TimeAxis = orientation:horizontal ScaleMajor = unit:year increment:20000 start:-100000 ScaleMinor = unit:year increment:5000 start:-100000 PlotData= align:center textcolor:black fontsize:8 mark:(line,black) width:10 shift:(0,-5) bar:Human color:filler from:2013 till:-100000 text:H. sapiens bar:Prehistory color:filler from: -100000 till: -3250 shift:(0,5) text:Late Stone Age from: -100000 till: -70000 shift:(0,0) text:Micoquien from: -100000 till: -37500 shift:(0,-7) text:Mousterian from: -37500 till: -27000 shift:(-3,2) text:Aurig. from: -35000 till: -29000 shift:(0,-14) text:Châte. from: -27000 till: -22000 shift:(0,5) text:Grave. from: -13000 till: -19000 shift:(0,8) text:Natu. from: -22000 till: -17000 shift:(0,-8) text:Solut. from: -17000 till: -10000 shift:(0,-20) text:Magda. from: -10000 till: -9000 shift:(0,5) text:Azili. from: -9000 till: -7000 shift:(0,-5) text:Sauve. from:-4000 till:-3250 shift:(0,-14) text:Chalcolithic from:-3250 till: 600 shift:(0,-22) text:Ancient bar:  color:filler from:-29000 till:-100000 text:H. neanderthalensis bar:  color:filler from: -100000 till: -50000 shift:(0,2) text:Middle Paleolithic from: -50000 till: -10000 shift:(0,2) text:Upper Paleolithic </timeline> Template:Also Template:Also See also: Great Spirit and Theistic evolution Holocene Timeframes <timeline> ImageSize = width:500 height:115 PlotArea = left:65 right:15 bottom:20 top:10 AlignBars = justify Colors = id:time value:rgb(0.7,0.7,1) # id:period value:rgb(1,0.7,0.5) # id:age value:rgb(0.95,0.85,0.5) # id:era value:rgb(1,0.85,0.5) # id:eon value:rgb(1,0.85,0.7) # id:filler value:gray(0.8) # background bar id:black value:black Period = from:-9300 till:2013 TimeAxis = orientation:horizontal ScaleMajor = unit:year increment:1000 start:-9300 ScaleMinor = unit:year increment:100 start:-9300 PlotData = align:center textcolor:black fontsize:10 mark:(line,black) width:15 shift:(0,-5) bar:  color:filler from:-9300 till:-3250 shift:(0,7) text:Stone Age from:-9300 till:-3250 shift:(0,-7) text:(Neolithic) from: -3250 till: -1200 text:Bronze Age from: -1200 till: 600 text:Iron Age bar:Human color:filler from:-9300 till:-8000 shift:(15,7) text:Upper Paleo from:-9300 till:-8000 shift:(15,-7) text:(Late Stone) from:-8000 till:-4000 shift:(0,-7) text:Mesolithic from:-4000 till:-3250 shift:(0,7) text:Copper Age from:-4000 till:-3250 shift:(0,-7) text:(Chalcolithic) bar:Prehistory color:filler from:-9300 till:2013 text:Holocene bar:Sequence color:filler from:-9300 till:-9000 shift:(5,6) text: Preboreal from:-9000 till:-7500 text:Boreal from:-7500 till:-5000 text:Atlantic from:-5000 till:-2500 text:Subboreal from:-2500 till:2013 text:Subatlantic </timeline> <timeline> ImageSize = width:500 height:70 PlotArea = left:65 right:15 bottom:20 top:5 AlignBars = justify Colors = id:time value:rgb(0.7,0.7,1) # id:period value:rgb(1,0.7,0.5) # id:age value:rgb(0.95,0.85,0.5) # id:era value:rgb(1,0.85,0.5) # id:eon value:rgb(1,0.85,0.7) # id:filler value:gray(0.8) # background bar id:black value:black Period = from:-3250 till:2013 TimeAxis = orientation:horizontal ScaleMajor = unit:year increment:1000 start:-3250 ScaleMinor = unit:year increment:100 start:-3250 PlotData = align:center textcolor:black fontsize:10 mark:(line,black) width:15 shift:(0,-5) bar:  color:filler from:-3250 till:-2500 text:Subboreal from:-2500 till:2013 text:Subatlantic bar:Written color:filler bar:History color:filler from: -3250 till: -1200 text:Bronze Age from: -1200 till: 600 text:Iron Age from:-3250 till: 600 shift:(13,10) text:Ancient times from:600 till: 1500 text:Middle Ages from:1500 till: 2013 shift:(-13,10) text:Modern Age </timeline> Dates are approximate, consult particular article for details Holocene began at ~11,700 years BP (Before Present). Stone Age ends ~3250 BC. Neolithic begins ~10,200 BC. Written History Ancient History Template:Also <timeline> ImageSize = width:500 height:415 PlotArea = left:65 right:15 bottom:20 top:10 AlignBars = justify Colors = id:time value:rgb(0.7,0.7,1) # id:period value:rgb(1,0.7,0.5) # id:age value:rgb(0.95,0.85,0.5) # id:era value:rgb(1,0.85,0.5) # id:eon value:rgb(1,0.85,0.7) # id:filler value:gray(0.8) # background bar id:black value:black Period = from:-3000 till:1000 TimeAxis = orientation:horizontal ScaleMajor = unit:year increment:500 start:-3000 ScaleMinor = unit:year increment:100 start:-3000 BarData = bar:ages text:"Historical" bar:Time text:Ages bar:sw_asia text:"SW Asia" bar:Mes. text:Mes. bar:Elam/Ach. text:Elam/Ach. bar:africa text:"Africa" bar:Egypt text:Egypt bar:Kush text:Kush bar:Aksumite text:Aksumite bar:Carthage text:Carthage bar:s_asia text:"South Asia" bar:Indus.Valley bar:e_asia text:"East Asia" bar:China bar:americas text:"Americas" bar:N.Americas text:N.Americas bar:C.Americas text:C.Americas bar:S.Americas text:S.Americas bar:eur text:"Europe" bar:Europe PlotData = align:center textcolor:black fontsize:8 mark:(line,black) width:15 shift:(0,-5) bar:ages color:skyblue from: start till: end text:"Historical ages" bar:Time color:period from: -3000 till: -1200 text:Bronze Age from: -1200 till: 400 text:Iron Age from: 400 till: 1000 text:Middle Ages bar:sw_asia color:skyblue from: start till: end text:"Southwest Asia (Near East)" bar:Mes. color:era from: -3000 till: -750 text:Mesopotamia bar:Elam/Ach. color:era from: -3000 till: -2700 shift:(15,0) text:Proto-Elamite from: -2700 till: -1500 text:Old Elamite from: -1500 till: -1100 shift:(0,5) text:Middle Elamite from: -1100 till: -545 shift:(0,-5) text:Neo-Elamite from: -545 till: -330 shift:(20,0) text:Achaemenid bar:africa color:skyblue from: start till: end text:"Africa" bar:Egypt color:age from: -3000 till: -30 text:Ancient Egypt bar:Kush color: era from: -3000 till: -1650 text: Kerma from: -1650 till: -1070 text: Ancient Egypt from: -1070 till: -591 text: Napata from: -591 till: 350 text: Meroe bar:Aksumite color:age from: -400 till: 940 text:Aksumite Empire bar:Carthage color:eon from: -650 till: 146 text:Ancient Carthage bar:s_asia color:skyblue from: start till: end text:"South Asia" bar:Indus.Valley color:era from: -3000 till: -1200 text:Indus from: -1200 till: -180 text:Iron India from: -180 till: 1 shift:(5,0) text:Indo-Greeks from: 1 till: 1000 shift:(0,-10) text:Middle kingdoms bar:e_asia color:skyblue from: start till: end text:"East Asia" bar:China color:era from: -3000 till: -2000 text:3 Sovereigns and 5 Emperors from: -2000 till: -200 text:Ancient China from: -200 till: 1000 text:Imperial China bar:americas color:skyblue from: start till: end text:"Americas" bar:N.Americas color:age from: -3000 till: -1500 text:Archaic from: -1500 till: 650 text:Classic from: 650 till: 1000 shift:(-10,0) text:Pre-Columbian bar:C.Americas color:era from: -3000 till: -1500 text:Archaic from: -1500 till: 250 text:Formative from: 250 till: 900 text:Classic from: 900 till: 1000 shift:(-15,5) text:Postclassic bar:S.Americas color:age from: -3000 till: -1900 text:Archaic from: -1900 till: 200 text:Preclassic from: 200 till: 1000 text:Classic bar:eur color:skyblue from: start till: end text:"Europe" bar:Europe color:era from: -3000 till: -1200 text:Archaic from: -1200 till: -650 text:Phoenicia from: -650 till: -146 shift:(5,0) text:Ancient Greece from: -146 till: 1000 text:Ancient Rome </timeline> Middle Ages <timeline> ImageSize = width:500 height:415 PlotArea = left:65 right:15 bottom:20 top:10 AlignBars = justify Colors = id:time value:rgb(0.7,0.7,1) # id:period value:rgb(1,0.7,0.5) # id:span value:rgb(0.9,0.8,0.5) # id:age value:rgb(0.95,0.85,0.5) # id:era value:rgb(1,0.85,0.5) # id:eon value:rgb(1,0.85,0.7) # id:filler value:gray(0.8) # background bar id:black value:black Period = from:400 till:1500 TimeAxis = orientation:horizontal ScaleMajor = unit:year increment:100 start:400 ScaleMinor = unit:year increment:10 start:400 PlotData = align:center textcolor:black fontsize:8 mark:(line, black) width:15 shift:(0,-3) bar:Timeframe color:era from: 476 till: 1000 text:Early period from: 1000 till: 1300 text:High period from: 1300 till: 1450 text:Late period bar:Timeframe color:filler from: 400 till:476 shift:(0,-7) text:(Iron Age) from: 400 till:476 shift:(0,4) text:Ancient from: 1450 till: 1500 shift:(2,4) text:Modern from: 1450 till: 1500 shift:(2,-7) text:(Early) bar:Europe color:filler from: 400 till:476 text:Antiquity from: 1400 till: 1500 text:Renaissance bar:Europe color:age from: 476 till: 700 text:Migration from: 700 till:950 shift:(0,4) text:Feudalism from: 700 till:950 shift:(0,-7) text:(Manorialism) from: 950 till: 1100 text:Urbanization from: 1100 till: 1240 shift:(0,4) text:Crusades from: 1240 till: 1250 shift:(0,-6) text:Mongols from: 1250 till: 1400 shift:(0,4) text:Crisis bar:N.Europe color:age from: 400 till: 700 text:Germanic Iron from: 700 till: 1100 shift:(0,4) text:Vikings from: 700 till: 1100 shift:(0,-7) text:(Norsemen) from: 1100 till: 1400 shift:(0,4) text:Christianization from: 1100 till: 1400 shift:(4,-7) text:(Northern Crusades) from: 1400 till: 1500 text:Kalmar Union bar:E.Europe color:filler from: 400 till: 500 shift:(15,4) text:Hunnic from: 400 till: 500 shift:(0,-7) text:Sarmatians bar:E.Europe color:age from: 500 till: 700 text:Migration from: 700 till: 864 text:Rus' Khaganate from: 864 till: 1237 text:Kievan Rus' from: 1237 till: 1240 shift:(0,4) text:Mongols from: 1240 till: 1283 shift:(0,-7) text:Sarai from: 1283 till: 1400 text:Lithuania from: 1400 till: 1500 text:Moscow bar:C.Europe color:filler from: 400 till: 475 shift:(15,0) text:Germanic bar:C.Europe color:age from: 475 till: 751 text:Francia from: 751 till: 888 shift:(0,-4) text:Carolingians from: 888 till: 962 shift:(0,4) text:E. 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color:filler from: 400 till: 622 text:Sasanians bar:M.East color:age from: 622 till: 750 text:Conquests from: 750 till: 1050 text:Abbasids from: 1050 till: 1171 shift:(0,4) text:Fatimids from: 1171 till: 1250 shift:(0,-4) text:Ayyubids from: 1250 till: 1500 text:Mamluks bar:India color:age from: 400 till: 1250 text:Middle kingdoms from: 1250 till: 1500 text:Empires bar:C.Asia color:filler from: 400 till: 632 shift:(0,4) text:Scythians from: 400 till: 632 shift:(0,-7) text:Hephthalites bar:C.Asia color:age from: 632 till: 800 text:Conquests from: 800 till: 1000 text:Samanids from: 1000 till: 1200 shift:(0,-7) text:Khwārazm-Shāh from: 1200 till: 1250 shift:(0,4) text:Mongols from: 1250 till: 1500 shift:(0,-7) text:Chagatai from: 1250 till: 1500 shift:(0,4) text:Golden Horde bar:China color:age from: 400 till: 585 shift:(0,4) text:Six Dynasties from: 400 till: 585 shift:(0,-7) text:(Early Imperial) from: 1368 till: 1500 text:Great Ming from: 585 till: 618 shift:(5,0)text:Sui from: 618 till: 907 shift:(0,-5) text:Tang from: 907 till: 960 shift:(0,5) text:5 Dynasties~10 Kingdoms from: 960 till: 1275 shift:(0,-5) text:Song from: 1275 till: 1368 text:Yuan bar:Japan color:age from: 400 till: 710 shift:(0,4) text:Yamato from: 400 till: 538 shift:(0,-4) text:Kofun from: 538 till: 710 shift:(0,-4) text:Asuka from: 710 till: 794 text:Nara from: 794 till: 1185 text:Heian from: 1185 till: 1333 shift:(0,-4) text:Kamakura from: 1333 till: 1336 shift:(0,4) text:Kenmu from: 1336 till: 1500 shift:(0,-4) text:Muromachi bar:N.Americas color:age from: 400 till: 650 text:Classic from: 650 till: 1500 shift:(0,4) text:Precolombian from: 650 till: 1000 shift:(0,-4) text:Woodland from: 1000 till: 1500 shift:(0,-4) text:Mississippians bar:C.Americas color:age from: 400 till: 1500 shift:(-28,3) text:Mesoamerica from: 400 till: 900 shift:(0,-4) text:Classic from: 900 till: 1200 shift:(0,-4) text:Early Postclassic from: 1200 till: 1500 shift:(0,-4) text:Late Postclassic bar:S.Americas color:age from: 400 till: 1500 text:Classic </timeline> Dates are approximate range (based upon influence), consult particular article for details   Middle Ages Divisions,   Middle Ages Themes   Other Modern History Early Modern <timeline> ImageSize = width:500 height:415 PlotArea = left:65 right:15 bottom:20 top:10 AlignBars = justify Colors = id:time value:rgb(0.7,0.7,1) # id:period value:rgb(1,0.7,0.5) # id:age value:rgb(0.95,0.85,0.5) # id:era value:rgb(1,0.85,0.5) # id:eon value:rgb(1,0.85,0.7) # id:filler value:gray(0.8) # background bar id:black value:black Period = from:1450 till:1850 TimeAxis = orientation:horizontal ScaleMajor = unit:year increment:100 start:1450 ScaleMinor = unit:year increment:10 start:1450 PlotData = align:center textcolor:black fontsize:8 mark:(line,black) width:11 shift:(0,-5) bar:Timeframe color:era from:1500 till:1800 text:Early modern bar:Timeframe color:filler from:1450 till:1500 text:Middle Ages from:1800 till:1850 text: Modern age bar:N.Europe color:age from: 1450 till: 1523 text:Kalmar Union from: 1523 till: 1814 shift:(0,3) text:Denmark–Norway from: 1523 till: 1814 shift:(0,-8) text:Sweden bar:N.Europe color:filler from: 1814 till: 1850 shift:(0,3) text:Denmark from: 1814 till: 1850 shift:(0,-8) text:Sweden-Norway bar:Spain color:age from: 1492 till: 1850 shift:(0,3) text:Spanish Empire from: 1492 till: 1700 text:Renaissance from: 1700 till: 1814 text:Enlightenment bar:Spain color:filler from: 1450 till: 1492 text:Reconquista from: 1814 till: 1850 text:Nationalism bar:British.Isle color:age from: 1450 till: 1801 shift:(0,4) text:Early modern Britain from: 1450 till: 1707 shift:(-75,-8) text:England from: 1707 till: 1801 text:Great Britain bar:British.Isle color:filler bar:British.Isle color:filler from: 1801 till: 1850 shift:(0,4) text:Industrial Revolution from: 1801 till: 1850 shift:(0,-8) text:United Kingdom bar:France color:age from: 1850 till: 1610 text:Ancien Régime from: 1492 till: 1610 text:Renaissance from: 1450 till: 1789 shift:(0,4) text:Kingdom of France bar:France color:filler from: 1450 till: 1492 text:Late Age from: 1789 till: 1792 shift:(0,4) text:French Revolution from: 1789 till: 1850 shift:(9,-8) text:Modern bar:E.Europe color:age from: 1450 till: 1547 text:Moscow from: 1547 till: 1721 text:Tsardom from: 1721 till: 1850 text:Russian Empire bar:C.Europe color:age from: 1450 till: 1806 shift:(-75,4) text:Holy Roman Empire from: 1450 till: 1522 text:Renaissance from: 1522 till: 1618 shift:(0,-8) text:Reformation from: 1618 till: 1648 text:30 Years War from: 1648 till: 1815 text:Kleinstaaterei from: 1806 till: 1815 shift:(0,4) text:Rhine Confed. bar:C.Europe color:filler from: 1815 till: 1850 shift:(-3,-8) text:German Confed. bar:Apennine color:age from: 1450 till: 1559 shift:(-25,4) text:Renaissance from: 1494 till: 1559 shift:(0,-8) text:Italian Wars from: 1559 till: 1814 text:Foreign Domination bar:Apennine color:filler from: 1814 till: 1850 text:Italian unification bar:Balkans color:age from: 1450 till: 1850 shift:(0,3) text:Ottoman Empire from: 1450 till: 1683 text:Growth from: 1683 till: 1827 text:Stagnation bar:Balkans color:filler from: 1827 till: 1850 text:Decline bar:M.East color:filler from: 1450 till: 1517 text:Mamluks bar:M.East color:age from: 1517 till: 1850 shift:(0,6) text:Egypt Eyalet from: 1517 till: 1850 shift:(0,-8) text:Ottoman Syria bar:C.Asia color:age from: 1450 till: 1687 text:Chagatai Khanate from: 1687 till: 1756 text:Zunghar Khanate from: 1756 till: 1850 text:Russian Empire bar:C.Asia color:filler from: 1450 till: 1502 shift:(0,3) text:Golden Horde bar:China color:age from: 1450 till: 1644 text:Ming Dynasty from: 1644 till: 1850 text:Qing Dynasty bar:Japan color:age from: 1450 till: 1570 shift:(-45,4) text:Muromachi from: 1467 till: 1570 shift:(0,-8) text:Sengoku from: 1570 till: 1603 text:Azuchi–Momoyama from: 1603 till: 1850 text:Edo period bar:Korea color:age from: 1450 till: 1850 text:Joseon Dynasty bar:India color:age from: 1450 till: 1526 text:Delhi sultanate from: 1526 till: 1850 text:Mughal Empire from: 1674 till: 1818 text:Maratha Empire from: 1757 till: 1850 text:Company Raj bar:N.America color:age from: 1450 till: 1534 text:Mississippian from: 1534 till: 1600 text:New France from: 1600 till: 1770 text:British America from: 1770 till: 1850 shift:(0,4) text:British Canada from: 1770 till: 1850 shift:(0,-8) text:United States bar:C.America color:age from: 1521 till: 1535 shift:(33,-3) text:Spanish Conquest from: 1535 till: 1821 text:New Spain bar:C.America color:filler from: 1450 till: 1521 text:Late Postclassic from: 1821 till: 1850 text:Mexico bar:Brazil color:filler from: 1450 till: 1500 text:Classic bar:Brazil color:age from: 1500 till: 1815 text:Colonial Brazil from: 1815 till: 1823 shift:(-6,5) text:United Brazil bar:Brazil color:filler from: 1823 till: 1850 shift:(9,-4) text:Brazil </timeline> Dates are approximate, consult particular article for details    Early modern themes   Other Late Modern <timeline> ImageSize = width:500 height:415 PlotArea = left:65 right:15 bottom:20 top:10 AlignBars = justify Colors = id:time value:rgb(0.7,0.7,1) # id:period value:rgb(1,0.7,0.5) # id:span value:rgb(0.9,0.8,0.5) # id:age value:rgb(0.95,0.85,0.5) # id:era value:rgb(1,0.85,0.5) # id:eon value:rgb(1,0.85,0.7) # id:filler value:gray(0.8) # background bar id:black value:black Period = from:1825 till:2013 TimeAxis = orientation:horizontal ScaleMajor = unit:year increment:25 start:1825 ScaleMinor = unit:year increment:5 start:1825 PlotData = align:center textcolor:black fontsize:8 mark:(line, black) width:11 shift:(0,-3) bar:Timeframe color:age from:1850 till:1945 shift:(-100,4) text: Modern from:1850 till:1945 shift:(0,-6) text: Late Modern from:1825 till:1850 text: Early Modern from:1945 till:2013 text: Contemporary bar:Themes color:age from:1825 till: 1860 text:Industrial Revolution from:1860 till: 1914 shift:(0,4) text:2nd Revolution from:1860 till: 1914 shift:(20, -10) text:Long Depression from:1914 till: 1918 shift:(0,4) text: WWI from:1918 till: 1939 shift:(0,-7) text:Interwar from:1939 till: 1945 shift:(0,4) text: WW II from:1945 till: 2013 shift:(10,5) text:Atomic Age from:1945 till: 2013 shift:(10,-5) text: (Info Age) bar:Germany color:age from:1990 till:2013 text: Germany from:1945 till:1990 text: Post-War from:1933 till:1945 shift:(0,5) text: Nazis from:1919 till:1933 shift:(0,-7) text: Weimar from:1870 till:1919 text: Empire from:1825 till:1870 text: Confederation bar:Apennine color:age from: 1825 till: 1865 text:Italy Unified from: 1865 till: 1946 shift:(-30,0) text:Monarchy from: 1918 till: 1946 text:Empire from: 1946 till: 2013 text:Republic bar:France color:age from:1940 till:1944 shift:(0,-6) text: Vichy from:1944 till:1958 shift:(0,4) text: 4th Rep. from:1958 till:2013 shift:(0,-5) text: 5th Rep. from: 1825 till:1830 shift:(0,5) text:Bourbons from: 1830 till: 1848 shift:(0,-5)text:July from: 1848 till:1852 shift:(0,5) text:2nd Rep. from: 1852 till:1870 shift:(0,-5) text:2nd Empire from: 1870 till: 1940 shift:(-55,-5) text:3rd Rep. from: 1870 till: 1914 shift:(-50,5) text:Époque from: 1870 till: 1940 shift:(-55,-5) text:3rd Rep. bar:British.Isle color:age from: 1825 till: 1922 shift:(-75,6) text:Empire from: 1825 till: 1922 shift:(-75,-4) text: (Victorian) from: 1825 till: 1922 shift:(35,-13) text:G.B. and Ireland from: 1901 till: 1914 shift:(0,5) text:Edwardian from: 1914 till: 1918 shift:(0,-10) text:WWI from: 1918 till: 1939 shift:(0,10) text:Depression from:1939 till:1945 text:WWII from: 1918 till: 2013 shift:(10,-13) text:G.B. and North Ireland from: 1945 till: 2013 shift:(-50,3) text:Postwar from: 1945 till: 2013 shift:(75,3) text:U.K. bar:Iberia color:age from: 1975 till: 2013 text:Spain from: 1825 till: 1873 shift:(0,-5) text:Nationalism from:1931 till:1939 shift:(0,5) text:2nd Rep. from:1936 till:1939 shift:(0,-7) text:Civil War from:1874 till:1931 shift:(0,-7) text:Restored from:1873 till:1874 shift:(0,-5) text:1st Rep. from:1825 till:1873 shift:(-15,7) text:Kingdom from:1936 till:1975 shift:(0,-5) text:Francoist bar:Brazil color:age from:1825 till:1889 text:Empire from:1889 till:1930 text:1st Republic from:1930 till:1946 text:Vargas from:1946 till:1964 shift:(0,4) text:2nd Republic from:1964 till:1985 shift:(0,-10) text:Dictatorship from:1985 till:2013 text:Brazil bar:M.East color:age from:1839 till: 1876 shift:(-20,5) text:Tanzimat Era from:1825 till: 1918 shift:(0,-5) text:Empire's Dissolution from:1918 till: 1922 shift:(0,1) text:Partition from:1922 till: 1945 shift:(0,-10) text:French Mandate from:1922 till: 1945 shift:(0,10) text:Mandatory Palestine from:1945 till: 1990 text:Arab–Israeli conflict from:1990 till: 2013 shift:(0,-5)text:Middle East from:2010 till: 2013 shift:(-10,5) text:Arab Spring bar:India color:age from: 1825 till: 1858 text:Company rule from: 1858 till: 1947 text:British Raj from: 1947 till: 1947 shift:(0,6) text:Partition from: 1947 till: 1950 shift:(25,-5) text:Dominion of India from: 1947 till: 1956 shift:(25,-15) text:Dominion of Pakistan from: 1950 till: 2013 shift:(50,-5) text:India from: 1956 till: 2013 shift:(50,-15) text:Pakistan bar:Africa color:age from: 1825 till: 1860 shift:(30,5) text:Exploration from: 1825 till: 1860 shift:(-5,-5) text:Slave trade from: 1860 till: 1950 shift:(-55,-5) text:Scramble for Africa from: 1860 till: 1950 shift:(0,5) text:Colonisation from: 1950 till: 1960 text:Decolonization from: 1960 till: 2013 text:Post-colonial bar:China color:age from:1825 till:1912 text: Qing Dynasty from:1912 till:1949 shift:(0,5) text: Chinese Republic from:1912 till:1949 shift:(0,-5) text: (Nanjing period) from:1912 till:1949 shift:(75,-5) text: Civil War from:1949 till:2013 shift:(0,5) text: People's Republic bar:Japan color:age from:1825 till:1868 text: Edo from:1868 till:1912 text: Meiji from:1868 till:1945 shift:(0,8) text: Imperial Japan from:1928 till:1945 shift:(10,0) text: Shōwa from:1912 till:1928 shift:(-10,-4) text: Taishō from:1945 till:2013 shift:(-40,0) text: Postwar from:1989 till:2013 text: Heisei bar:Russian color:age from:1825 till:1917 shift:(-30,5) text:Russian Empire from:1825 till:1855 shift:(0,-5) text:Tsarist from:1855 till:1892 shift:(0,-5) text:Reactionaries from:1892 till:1917 shift:(0,-5) text:Imperialism from:1917 till:1991 shift:(0,5) text:Soviets from:1917 till:1927 shift:(0,5) text:Revolution from:1927 till:1953 shift:(0,-5) text:S from:1953 till:1964 shift:(0,-5) text:K from:1964 till:1982 shift:(0,-5) text:B from:1982 till:1991 shift:(0,-8) text:Dissolution from:1991 till:2013 shift:(0,3) text:Federation bar:U.S. color:age from:1825 till:1860 text: Antebellum from:1860 till:1865 shift:(0,5) text: Civil War from:1865 till:1900 text: Gilded Age from:1900 till:1918 shift:(0,5) text: Progressive Era from:1918 till:1945 text: World Wars from:1945 till:1964 text: Post-War from:1964 till:1980 shift:(0,7) text: Cold War America from:1980 till:1991 text: Republicanism from:1991 till:2013 shift:(0,5) text: America </timeline> Dates are approximate range (based upon influence), consult particular article for details Contemporary <timeline> ImageSize = width:500 height:165 PlotArea = left:65 right:15 bottom:20 top:10 AlignBars = justify Colors = id:time value:rgb(0.7,0.7,1) # id:period value:rgb(1,0.7,0.5) # id:age value:rgb(0.95,0.85,0.5) # id:era value:rgb(1,0.85,0.5) # id:eon value:rgb(1,0.85,0.7) # id:filler value:gray(0.8) # background bar id:black value:black Period = from:1900 till:2020 TimeAxis = orientation:horizontal ScaleMajor = unit:year increment:10 start:1900 ScaleMinor = unit:year increment:1 start:1900 PlotData = align:center textcolor:black fontsize:8 mark:(line,black) width:11 shift:(0,-5) bar:Decades color:era from:1900 till:1920 shift:(0,7) text:Late modernity from:1970 till:2013 shift:(0,7) text:Post-Modern from:1920 till:1930 text:20s from:1930 till:1940 text:30s from:1940 till:1950 text:40s from:1950 till:1960 text:50s from:1960 till:1970 text:60s from:1970 till:1980 text:70s from:1980 till:1990 text:80s from:1990 till:2000 text:90s from:2000 till:2010 text:00s from:2010 till:2013 text: bar:Technology color:era from:1900 till:1945 shift:(-25,-10) text:Machine Age from:1900 till:1940 shift:(-25,0) text:2nd Industrial from:1970 till:2013 text:Information Age from:2010 till:2013 shift:(-10,-5) text:Data bar:World.Wars color:era from:1914 till:1918 text:WWI from:1918 till:1939 text:Interwar from:1939 till:1946 text:WWII from:1946 till:1962 text:Post-war bar:Atomic color:era from:1945 till:2013 text:Atomic Age bar:Cold.War color:era from:1945 till:1991 text:Cold War bar:Space color:era from:1957 till:2013 text:Space Age bar:US.Trends color:era from:1900 till:1925 text:Progressive from:1900 till:1940 shift:(0,-16) text:Liberalism from:1920 till:1940 shift:(-20,5) text:Fascism from:1925 till:1940 shift:(0,-7) text:New Deal from:1940 till:1960 text:Beatniks from:1960 till:1973 shift:(0,3) text:Hippies from:1973 till:1985 shift:(5,0) text:New Right from:1973 till:1985 shift:(-25,-13) text:New Left from:1985 till:2013 shift:(5,0) text:Neocon from:1985 till:2013 shift:(-25,-13) text:Neolib bar:Oil color:era from:1901 till:2013 text:Age of Oil </timeline> Future Advice Man's Road The Poor Man's Road to Wealth There are two ways to get rich — the right way and the wrong way; the easy way and the impossible way; the common way and the rare way. And of course the wrong and impossible way is the common way. To be rich is to have all the money you want. And the common way of trying to get rich Is to try to get enough money for one's wants. The difficulty in this way is that the wants always grow faster than the money pile. You want to be rich enough to rent a vehicle; when you begin to rent, you want to own a vehicle; when you drive your own vehicle, you want to own a luxury vehicle; when you have a luxury vehicle, you want to own a vehicle for the children. When a man buys railroads as other men buy vehicles, he may be in straitened circumstances, though he has fifty billions in U. S. bonds. The more money a man has, the poorer he is, if he has not learned to moderate his desires as well as to accumulate his supplies. The only way to be rich is to keep one's desires within his Income. If one wants what five cents can buy, and he has ten cents, he is wealthy. A bright dime to a street Arab is greater wealth than a thousand dollars to a merchant prince. The right way to be rich is never to want what you cannot buy, then you always have as much money as you want. This is the easy way. No man can regulate the contents of his purse; every man can regulate the quality of his desires. Capital is not within every man's attainment; contentment is. He is wealthy who has learned two arts; first, how to be contented with what he can get; second, how to use what he has. It is always easy to have plenty of money : spend less than you earn. It is always easy to have all the money you want: want less than you have. No easier way exists to better your circumstances, to become a rich man, than by joining a savings and loan association. It is the poor man's road to wealth. Top Secret ... Classified Exceptionally grave damage to national security ... (: ... Watch out ... ;) The wikiwarehouse contents vary widely. The classified information is of a sensitive nature to which access is restricted by law or regulation to particular classes of persons. Classified articles (with cover story ;) include the following, categorized to origin: United States items ... noframe noframe The Ark of the Covenant (Biblical/film Raiders of the Lost Ark) The Holy Grail The Spear of Destiny (Biblical artifact – Spear of Longinus that pierced Christ's side) Martian war machine (Fiction – Movie/Television series War of the Worlds) Water vial (Fiction – labeled "Fountain of Youth") Kryptonite samples (Fiction – mineral from the "Superman" comic books) The Blob (Fiction – film The Blob) The Stargate (Fiction – film/TV Stargate) Amelia Earhart's plane (Fact – plane lost June 2, 1937) 300 MPG Carburetor (Conspiracy theory) UFOs (see Project Bluebook) Audio recordings and visual recording of Close Encounters' Mothership Black helicopters (Conspiracy – see Men In Black) HAL 9000 prototype (Fiction – film 2001: A Space Odyssey) Avro Arrow Fighter plane prototypes (Sightings and theories abound – one of many top secret aircraft) Medicinal Brazilian rain forest plants Hindenburg failure analysis (Conspiracy, bomb aboard) Philadelphia Experiment equipment (Fiction/Conspiracy – film Philadelphia Experiment – supposed real event) N-ray detector (Conspiracy/Junk Science – "Discovered" by René Blondlot in 1903) Nazi nuclear weapons Nazi Swiss gold (Two and a half (2 1/2) tons) Cryogenic suspension chambers Nikola Tesla's confiscated personal effects Wilhelm Reich's confiscated personal effects Several species of Jackalopes (Fiction – Mythical Creature) Gary Gygax's confiscated personal effects Steve Jackson Games Files (Real Event – office (Steve Jackson Games) raided March 1, 1990 by Secret Service) Captain America's Shield (Fiction – comic book "Captain America") Marilyn Monroe Diaries (Conspiracy – missing pages containing evidence of JFK assassination) U.S. Navy map of Gilligan's Island (Fiction – television show) Collected JFK evidence from the National Archive (Conspiracy – containing evidence of JFK assassination) John F. Kennedy's brain (Real – missing after autopsy) Bodies Al Capone John F. Kennedy (the Ultimate Conspiracy) Elvis Presley (supposed "faked death") Jimmy Hoffa (Teamster that vanished on July 30, 1975) Walt Disney (Urban Legend – supposedly frozen) Bigfoot (Mythical Creature) Extraterrestrials British items ... noframe noframe James Bond's gear (Ian Fleming's character) The Loch Ness Monster (Mythical creature) Marie Celeste's ship logbook (Historic – The crew mysteriously vanished on November 7, 1872) A strategic reserve of railway trains Red Book of Westmarch (Fiction – J.R.R. Tolkien's original manuscript) Live Dodo bird (Extinct animal) Live Tasmanian tiger Vatican items ... noframe noframe Dante Alighieri's diagram of Hell (Biblical/Fiction – book, "The Divine Comedy") King Solomon's Mines map(Fiction – book, "King Solomon's Mines") Shroud of Turin (Biblical Artifact that is very controversial) Jesus' cross (i.e., The True Cross) (many artifacts claiming to be the real pieces) The crucification nails The Crown of Thorns Veronica's Veil Soviet items ... noframe noframe Protocols of the Elders of Zion list (Fiction/Real – Hoax to blame secret Jewish Cabal) Vladimir Lenin's last order Lockheed U-2 spy plane (Real – shot down May 1, 1960 over Soviet territory) The Amber Room (Real – dismantled by Soviet army in Berlin at the end of WWII) Hitler's diary (Real/Fiction – many hoaxes, are any of them real?) Bodies Adolf Hitler Eva Braun Japanese items ... Tojo Hideki's telegram copy to Franklin D. Roosevelt giving warning of the Pearl Harbor attack (Conspiracy theory) Godzilla (Fictional Monster) Ultraman (Fictional Hero) Goddess Amaterasu's sword (given to the first Emperor) (Mythology) Bodies Emperor Jinmu (神武天皇; Jinmu Tennō) (First Emperor) Tojo Hideki (東條 英機) (WWII General) the fictional remains of Akira (Fiction)

Beer metrics

Beer is the world's most widely consumed alcoholic beverage, and is the third-most popular drink overall, after water and tea. Template:Alcoholic beverages Template:Beer metrics