Union affiliation by U.S. state

File:US states by percent union members (2017).svg

Percent of workforce belonging to a union in 2017

  20+%

  15–19.9%

  10–14.9%

  5–9.9%

  0–4.9%

Union affiliation by U.S. state (2024)

Rank	State	Percent union members	Percent change	Union members	Percent represented by unions	Percent change	Represented by unions	Total employed	Right to Work
1	Template:Country data Hawaii	26.5	Increase 2.4%	147,000	27.5	Increase 1.9%	153,000	556,000	No
2	Template:Country data New York	20.6	Template:No change	1,706,000	21.9	Increase 0.4%	1,814,000	8,278,000	No
3	Template:Country data Alaska	17.7	Increase 2.9%	53,000	19.5	Increase 4.3%	58,000	300,000	No
4	Template:Country data Connecticut	16.5	Increase 0.6%	269,000	17.8	Increase 0.9%	291,000	1,634,000	No
5	Template:Country data New Jersey	16.2	Increase 0.1%	682,000	17.4	Increase 0.1%	730,000	4,197,000	No
6	Template:Country data Washington	16.0	Decrease 0.5%	548,000	18.3	Increase 0.2%	627,000	3,432,000	No
7	Template:Country data Oregon	15.9	Increase 1.8%	292,000	17.5	Increase 2.5%	321,000	1,835,000	No
8	Template:Country data Massachusetts	14.6	Increase 2.0%	496,000	15.6	Increase 2.0%	513,000	3,397,000	No
9	Template:Country data Rhode Island	14.5	Increase 2.2%	73,000	15.3	Increase 2.1%	77,000	500,000	No
10	Template:Country data California	14.5	Decrease 0.9%	2,381,000	16.3	Decrease 0.6%	2,678,000	16,399,000	No
11	Template:Country data Vermont	14.3	Template:No change	42,000	15.8	Increase 0.4%	47,000	297,000	No
12	Template:Country data Minnesota	14.2	Increase 0.9%	379,000	14.8	Increase 0.7%	394,000	2,668,000	No
13	Template:Country data Michigan	13.4	Increase 0.6%	581,000	14.7	Increase 0.6%	639,000	4,346,000	No
14	Template:Country data Maine	13.1	Increase 3.9%	77,000	15.3	Increase 4.5%	89,000	585,000	No
15	Template:Country data Illinois	13.1	Increase 0.3%	734,000	14.2	Increase 0.6%	798,000	5,615,000	No
16	Template:Country data Nevada	12.1	Decrease 0.4%	166,000	13.4	Decrease 1.1%	183,000	1,367,000	Yes
17	Template:Country data Ohio	12.1	Decrease 0.4%	621,000	13.3	Decrease 0.2%	685,000	5,147,000	No
18	Template:Country data Montana	11.9	Increase 0.1%	56,000	13.1	Increase 0.1%	62,000	474,000	No
19	Template:Country data Pennsylvania	11.7	Decrease 1.2%	666,000	12.4	Decrease 1.8%	708,000	5,706,000	No
20	Template:Country data Maryland	11.4	Increase 0.7%	325,000	13.4	Increase 0.6%	382,000	2,851,000	No
21	Template:Country data District of Columbia	10.6	Increase 1.5%	38,000	11.7	Increase 1.3%	42,000	362,000	No
22	Template:Country data New Hampshire	9.2	Decrease 0.1%	62,000	10.6	Decrease 0.3%	72,000	678,000	No
23	Template:Country data Indiana	9.0	Increase 1.0%	271,000	10.4	Increase 1.3%	313,000	2,999,000	Yes
24	Template:Country data Kentucky	8.8	Template:No change	156,000	11.2	Decrease 0.1%	197,000	1,761,000	Yes
25	Template:Country data West Virginia	8.8	Increase 0.1%	61,000	10.0	Decrease 0.1%	70,000	699,000	Yes
26	Template:Country data Missouri	8.6	Decrease 0.7%	234,000	9.3	Decrease 1.1%	255,000	2,734,000	No
27	Template:Country data Delaware	8.5	Decrease 0.3%	37,000	8.9	Decrease 1.2%	39,000	435,000	No
28	Template:Country data Colorado	7.7	Increase 0.8%	206,000	8.0	Decrease 0.6%	214,000	2,671,000	No
29	Template:Country data New Mexico	7.5	Template:No change	63,000	8.8	Decrease 0.3%	73,000	834,000	No
30	Template:Country data Iowa	7.2	Decrease 0.8%	93,000	8.8	Decrease 0.5%	119,000	1,437,000	Yes
31	Template:Country data Nebraska	6.8	Decrease 0.5%	62,000	8.1	Decrease 1.3%	74,000	913,000	Yes
32	Template:Country data Alabama	6.6	Decrease 0.9%	140,000	7.8	Decrease 0.8%	165,000	2,110,000	Yes
33	Template:Country data Wisconsin	6.4	Decrease 1.0%	180,000	6.9	Decrease 1.5%	196,000	2,819,000	Yes
34	Template:Country data Kansas	6.3	Decrease 2.6%	83,000	8.0	Decrease 2.6%	105,000	1,309,000	Yes
35	Template:Country data Wyoming	5.6	Template:No change	14,000	6.7	Increase 0.1%	17,000	249,000	Yes
36	Template:Country data Oklahoma	5.3	Decrease 1.5%	91,000	6.2	Decrease 1.5%	106,000	1,713,000	Yes
37	Template:Country data Mississippi	5.2	Decrease 1.8%	59,000	7.9	Decrease 1.9%	90,000	1,129,000	Yes
38	Template:Country data Virginia	5.2	Increase 0.9%	207,000	5.7	Increase 0.1%	229,000	3,997,000	Yes
39	Template:Country data Florida	5.1	Increase 0.4%	462,000	6.3	Increase 0.2%	569,000	9,086,000	Yes
40	Template:Country data Idaho	5.0	Increase 0.5%	43,000	5.9	Increase 0.4%	50,000	850,000	Yes
41	Template:Country data North Dakota	5.0	Decrease 1.2%	18,000	6.3	Decrease 1.2%	23,000	366,000	Yes
42	Template:Country data Tennessee	4.7	Decrease 1.3%	136,000	5.6	Decrease 1.3%	264,000	2,923,000	Yes
43	Template:Country data Texas	4.5	Template:No change	603,000	5.4	Template:No change	716,000	13,345,000	Yes
44	Template:Country data Louisiana	3.9	Decrease 0.4%	69,000	5.2	Decrease 0.2%	86,000	1,765,000	Yes
45	Template:Country data Georgia (U.S. state)	3.8	Decrease 0.8%	174,000	4.4	Decrease 1.0%	203,000	4,619,000	Yes
46	Template:Country data Utah	3.7	Decrease 0.4%	58,000	7.8	Decrease 0.6%	122,000	1,558,000	Yes
47	Template:Country data Arizona	3.7	Decrease 0.5%	118,000	4.5	Decrease 0.3%	144,000	3,183,000	Yes
48	Template:Country data Arkansas	3.5	Decrease 1.6%	45,000	4.4	Decrease 1.4%	56,000	1,265,000	Yes
49	Template:Country data South Carolina	2.8	Increase 0.5%	61,000	4.1	Increase 1.1%	89,000	2,163,000	Yes
50	Template:Country data South Dakota	2.7	Decrease 0.9%	12,000	3.7	Decrease 0.5%	16,000	431,000	Yes
51	Template:Country data North Carolina	2.4	Decrease 0.3%	108,000	3.1	Decrease 0.2%	142,000	4,555,000	Yes
—	Template:Country data United States	9.9	Decrease 0.1%	14,255,000	11.1	Decrease 0.1%	16,023,000	144,522,000	N/A

See also

• International comparisons of labor unions
• Labor unions in the United States
• Right-to-work law

External links

• • • State Union Membership Density, 1964–2008 (Excel file)
    • State Union Coverage Density, 1977–2008 (Excel file)