United States Secretary of War
Template:Short description Script error: No such module "redirect hatnote". Script error: No such module "about". Template:Use American English Script error: No such module "Unsubst". Script error: No such module "infobox".Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". The secretary of war was a member of the U.S. Cabinet, beginning with George Washington's administration. A similar position, called either "Secretary at War" or "Secretary of War", had been appointed to serve the Congress of the Confederation under the Articles of Confederation between 1781 and 1789. Benjamin Lincoln and later Henry Knox held the position. When Washington was inaugurated as the first president under the Constitution, he appointed Knox to continue serving as secretary of war.
The secretary of war was the head of the War Department. At first, he was responsible for the United States Army and the Navy. In 1798, the secretary of the Navy was created by statute, and the scope of responsibility for the War Department was reduced to the Army. From 1886 onward, the secretary of war was in the line of succession to the presidency, after the vice president of the United States, the speaker of the House of Representatives, the president pro tempore of the Senate and the secretary of state.
In 1947, with the passing of the National Security Act of 1947, the secretary of war was replaced by the secretary of the Army and the secretary of the Air Force and a new secretary, the secretary of defense, was created for coordination of the services. Since 1949, the service secretaries, Army, Air Force, and Navy, have been non-Cabinet subordinates under the secretary of defense. The secretary of the Army's office is generally considered the direct successor to the secretary of war's office, with the new secretary of defense taking the secretaries of war and navy positions in the Cabinet, and the line of succession to the presidency.
List of secretaries
Secretary at War (1781–1789)
The office of secretary at war was modeled upon Great Britain's secretary at war, who was William Barrington, 2nd Viscount Barrington, at the time of the American Revolution. The office of secretary at war was meant to replace both the commander-in-chief and the Board of War, and like the president of the board, the secretary wore no special insignia. The inspector general, quartermaster general, commissary general, and adjutant general served on the secretary's staff. However, the Army itself under Secretary Henry Knox only consisted of 700 men.
| Image | No. | Name | Home State | Start | End | Appointer |
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| 1 | File:General Benjamin Lincoln-restored (3x4 cropped).jpg | Script error: No such module "Sort". | Massachusetts | Template:Dts | Template:Dts | Congress of the Confederation |
| 2 | File:Henry Knox by Gilbert Stuart 1806 (3x4 cropped).jpeg | Script error: No such module "Sort". | Massachusetts | Template:Dts | Template:Dts |
Secretary of War (1789–1947)
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| No. | Image | Name | Start | End | Duration | Party | Home State | President(s) | ||
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| 1 | File:Henry Knox by Gilbert Stuart 1806 (3x4 cropped).jpeg | Script error: No such module "Sort". | Template:Dts | Template:Dts | Template:Ayd | style="background: Template:Party color;" | | Federalist | Massachusetts | rowspan=3 style="background: Template:Party color;" | | Script error: No such module "Sort". (1789–1797)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". |
| 2 | File:PORTRAIT OF TIMOTHY PICKERING, 3RD SECRETARY OF STATE PRESIDENT GEORGE WASHINGTON AND JOHN ADAMS (3x4 cropped).jpg | Script error: No such module "Sort".[1] | Template:Dts | Template:Dts | Template:Ayd | style="background: Template:Party color;" | | Federalist | Pennsylvania | ||
| 3 | File:JMcHenry.jpg | Script error: No such module "Sort".[2] | Template:Dts | Template:Dts | Template:Ayd | rowspan=2 style="background: Template:Party color;" | | Federalist | Maryland | ||
| rowspan=2 style="background: Template:Party color;" | | Script error: No such module "Sort". (1797–1801)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". | |||||||||
| 4 | File:Samuel Dexter.jpg | Script error: No such module "Sort". | Template:Dts | Template:Dts | Template:Ayd | style="background: Template:Party color;" | | Federalist | Massachusetts | ||
| 5 | File:Gilbert Stuart - Major-General Henry Dearborn - 1913.793 - Art Institute of Chicago (3x4 cropped).jpg | Script error: No such module "Sort". | Template:Dts | Template:Dts | Template:Ayd | style="background: Template:Party color;" | | Democratic-Republican | Massachusetts | style="background: Template:Party color;" | | Script error: No such module "Sort". (1801–1809)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". |
| 6 | File:William Eustis.jpg | Script error: No such module "Sort". | Template:Dts | Template:Dts | Template:Ayd | style="background: Template:Party color;" | | Democratic-Republican | Massachusetts | rowspan=4 style="background: Template:Party color;" | | Script error: No such module "Sort". (1809–1817)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". |
| 7 | File:John Wesley Jarvis - John Armstrong - NPG.72.12 - National Portrait Gallery (cropped).jpg | Script error: No such module "Sort". | Template:Dts | Template:Dts | Template:Ayd | style="background: Template:Party color;" | | Democratic-Republican | New York | ||
| 8 | File:John Vanderlyn - James Monroe - Google Art Project (3x4 cropped).jpg | Script error: No such module "Sort". | Template:Dts | Template:Dts | Template:Ayd | style="background: Template:Party color;" | | Democratic-Republican | Virginia | ||
| 9 | File:William Harris Crawford by John Wesley Jarvis (PAFA) (3x4 cropped).jpg | Script error: No such module "Sort". | Template:Dts | Template:Dts | Template:Ayd | style="background: Template:Party color;" | | Democratic-Republican | Georgia | ||
| 10 | File:JCCalhoun-1822 (3x4 cropped).jpg | Script error: No such module "Sort". | Template:Dts | Template:Dts | Template:Ayd | style="background: Template:Party color;" | | Democratic-Republican | South Carolina | style="background: Template:Party color;" | | Script error: No such module "Sort". (1817–1825)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". |
| 11 | File:Portrait of James Barbour, by Chester Harding (3x4 cropped).jpg | Script error: No such module "Sort". | Template:Dts | Template:Dts | Template:Ayd | style="background: Template:Party color;" | | Democratic-Republican | Virginia | rowspan=2 style="background: Template:Party color;" | | Script error: No such module "Sort". (1825–1829)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". |
| 12 | File:Peter Buell Porter.jpg | Script error: No such module "Sort". | Template:Dts | Template:Dts | Template:Ayd | style="background: Template:Party color;" | | Democratic-Republican | New York | ||
| 13 | File:John Eaton.jpg | Script error: No such module "Sort". | Template:Dts | Template:Dts | Template:Ayd | style="background: Template:Party color;" | | Democratic | Tennessee | rowspan=2 style="background: Template:Party color;" | | Script error: No such module "Sort". (1829–1837)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". |
| 14 | File:Lewis Cass (3x4 cropped).jpg | Script error: No such module "Sort". | Template:Dts | Template:Dts | Template:Ayd | style="background: Template:Party color;" | | Democratic | Ohio | ||
| 15 | File:JRP-SoW, S.jpg | Script error: No such module "Sort". | Template:Dts | Template:Dts | Template:Ayd | style="background: Template:Party color;" | | Democratic | South Carolina | style="background: Template:Party color;" | | Script error: No such module "Sort". (1837–1841)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". |
| 16 | File:John Bell (Restored) (3x4 cropped).png | Script error: No such module "Sort". | Template:Dts | Template:Dts | Template:Ayd | rowspan=2 style="background: Template:Party color;" | | Whig | South Carolina | style="background: Template:Party color;" | | Script error: No such module "Sort". (1841)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". |
| rowspan=4 style="background: Template:Party color;" | | Script error: No such module "Sort". (1841–1845)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". | |||||||||
| 17 | File:SPENCER, John C-Treasury (BEP engraved portrait) (3x4 cropped).jpg | Script error: No such module "Sort". | Template:Dts | Template:Dts | Template:Ayd | style="background: Template:Party color;" | | Whig | New York | ||
| 18 | File:PorterJM.jpg | Script error: No such module "Sort". | Template:Dts | Template:Dts | Template:Ayd | style="background: Template:Party color;" | | Whig | Pennsylvania | ||
| 19 | File:William Wilkins United States Senator - Brady-Handy (3x4 cropped).jpg | Script error: No such module "Sort". | Template:Dts | Template:Dts | Template:Ayd | style="background: Template:Party color;" | | Democratic | Pennsylvania | ||
| 20 | File:William L. Marcy - Brady-Handy.jpg | Script error: No such module "Sort". | Template:Dts | Template:Dts | Template:Ayd | style="background: Template:Party color;" | | Democratic | New York | style="background: Template:Party color;" | | Script error: No such module "Sort". (1845–1849)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". |
| 21 | File:GeorgeWCrawford.jpg | Script error: No such module "Sort". | Template:Dts | Template:Dts | Template:Ayd | style="background: Template:Party color;" | | Whig | Georgia | style="background: Template:Party color;" | | Script error: No such module "Sort". (1849–1850)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". |
| 22 | File:Charles Magill Conrad.jpg | Script error: No such module "Sort". | Template:Dts | Template:Dts | Template:Ayd | style="background: Template:Party color;" | | Whig | Virginia | style="background: Template:Party color;" | | Script error: No such module "Sort". (1850–1853)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". |
| 23 | File:Jefferson Davis 1853 daguerreotype-restored (3x4 cropped).png | Script error: No such module "Sort". | Template:Dts | Template:Dts | Template:Ayd | style="background: Template:Party color;" | | Democratic | Mississippi | style="background: Template:Party color;" | | Script error: No such module "Sort". (1853–1857)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". |
| 24 | File:John Buchanan Floyd (3x4 cropped).jpg | Script error: No such module "Sort". | Template:Dts | Template:Dts | Template:Ayd | style="background: Template:Party color;" | | Democratic | Virginia | rowspan=2 style="background: Template:Party color;" | | Script error: No such module "Sort". (1857–1861)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". |
| 25 | File:Judge Joseph Holt - NARA - 526106 (3x4a).jpg | Script error: No such module "Sort". | Template:Dts | Template:Dts | Template:Ayd | style="background: Template:Party color;" | | Republican | Kentucky | ||
| 26 | File:Smn Cameron-SecofWar (3x4 cropped).jpg | Script error: No such module "Sort". | Template:Dts | Template:Dts | Template:Ayd | style="background: Template:Party color;" | | Republican | Pennsylvania | rowspan=2 style="background: Template:Party color;" | | Script error: No such module "Sort". (1861–1865)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". |
| 27 | File:Edwin McMasters Stanton Secretary of War (3x4 cropped).jpg | Script error: No such module "Sort". | Template:Dts Suspended: August 12, 1867 – January 14, 1868Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".Template:Refn |
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| rowspan=3 style="background: Template:Party color;" | | Script error: No such module "Sort". (1865–1869)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". | |||||||||
| – | File:Ulysses S Grant by Brady c1870-restored (3x4 cropped).jpg | Script error: No such module "Sort". ActingScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".Template:Refn |
Template:Dts | Template:Dts | Template:Ayd | style="background: Template:Party color;" | | Republican | Ohio | ||
| 28 | File:John Schofield - Brady-Handy (3x4 cropped).jpg | Script error: No such module "Sort". | Template:Dts | Template:Dts | Template:Ayd | style="background: Template:Party color;" | | Republican | Illinois | ||
| 29 | File:John Aaron Rawlins-Brady-Handy Seated (3x4 cropped).jpg | Script error: No such module "Sort". | Template:Dts | Template:Dts | Template:Ayd | style="background: Template:Party color;" | | Republican | Illinois | rowspan=5 style="background: Template:Party color;" | | Script error: No such module "Sort". (1869–1877)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". |
| – | File:General William T. Sherman Portrait (3x4 cropped).jpg | Script error: No such module "Sort". ActingScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". |
Template:Dts | Template:Dts | Template:Ayd | style="background: Template:Party color;" | | Republican | Ohio | ||
| 30 | File:WWBelknap.jpg | Script error: No such module "Sort". | Template:Dts | Template:Dts | Template:Ayd | style="background: Template:Party color;" | | Republican | Iowa | ||
| 31 | File:Alphonso Taft - cropped and retouched.jpg | Script error: No such module "Sort". | Template:Dts | Template:Dts | Template:Ayd | style="background: Template:Party color;" | | Republican | Ohio | ||
| 32 | File:James Donald Cameron Brady-Handy (3x4 cropped).jpg | Script error: No such module "Sort". | Template:Dts | Template:Dts | Template:Ayd | style="background: Template:Party color;" | | Republican | Pennsylvania | ||
| 33 | File:George Washington McCrary, Brady-Handy bw photo portrait, ca1860-1875 (3x4 cropped).jpg | Script error: No such module "Sort". | Template:Dts | Template:Dts | Template:Ayd | style="background: Template:Party color;" | | Republican | Iowa | rowspan=2 style="background: Template:Party color;" | | Script error: No such module "Sort". (1877–1881)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". |
| 34 | File:Alexander Ramsey - Brady-Handy (3x4 cropped).jpg | Script error: No such module "Sort". | Template:Dts | Template:Dts | Template:Ayd | style="background: Template:Party color;" | | Republican | Minnesota | ||
| 35 | File:Robert Todd Lincoln, Brady-Handy bw photo portrait, ca1870-1880-Edit1 (3x4 cropped).jpg | Script error: No such module "Sort". | Template:Dts | Template:Dts | Template:Ayd | rowspan=2 style="background: Template:Party color;" | | Republican | Illinois | style="background: Template:Party color;" | | Script error: No such module "Sort". (1881)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". |
| style="background: Template:Party color;" | | Script error: No such module "Sort". (1881–1885)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". | |||||||||
| 36 | File:William Endicott, 1886 (cropped).jpg | Script error: No such module "Sort". | Template:Dts | Template:Dts | Template:Ayd | style="background: Template:Party color;" | | Democratic | Massachusetts | style="background: Template:Party color;" | | Script error: No such module "Sort". (1885–1889)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". |
| 37 | File:Redfield Proctor, bw photo portrait, 1904.jpg | Script error: No such module "Sort". | Template:Dts | Template:Dts | Template:Ayd | style="background: Template:Party color;" | | Republican | Vermont | rowspan=2 style="background: Template:Party color;" | | Script error: No such module "Sort". (1889–1893)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". |
| 38 | File:Stephen Benton Elkins Restore (3x4 cropped).jpg | Script error: No such module "Sort". | Template:Dts | Template:Dts | Template:Ayd | style="background: Template:Party color;" | | Republican | West Virginia | ||
| 39 | File:Daniel Lamont, bw photo portrait, 1904 (3x4 cropped).jpg | Script error: No such module "Sort". | Template:Dts | Template:Dts | Template:Ayd | style="background: Template:Party color;" | | Democratic | New York | style="background: Template:Party color;" | | Script error: No such module "Sort". (1885–1889)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". |
| 40 | File:Russell Alexander Alger by The Detroit Publishing Co. - retouched from older copy.jpg | Script error: No such module "Sort". | Template:Dts | Template:Dts | Template:Ayd | style="background: Template:Party color;" | | Republican | Michigan | rowspan=2 style="background: Template:Party color;" | | Script error: No such module "Sort". (1897–1901)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". |
| 41 | File:Elihu Root, bw photo portrait, 1902.jpg | Script error: No such module "Sort". | Template:Dts | Template:Dts | Template:Ayd | rowspan=2 style="background: Template:Party color;" | | Republican | New York | ||
| rowspan=3 style="background: Template:Party color;" | | Script error: No such module "Sort". (1901–1909)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". | |||||||||
| 42 | File:William Howard Taft, head-and-shoulders portrait, facing front.jpg | Script error: No such module "Sort". | Template:Dts | Template:Dts | Template:Ayd | style="background: Template:Party color;" | | Republican | Ohio | ||
| 43 | File:Secretary Luke Edward Wright.jpg | Script error: No such module "Sort". | Template:Dts | Template:Dts | Template:Ayd | style="background: Template:Party color;" | | Republican | Tennessee | ||
| 44 | File:DICKINSON, J.M. JUDGE (3x4 cropped).jpg | Script error: No such module "Sort". | Template:Dts | Template:Dts | Template:Ayd | style="background: Template:Party color;" | | Democratic | Tennessee | rowspan=2 style="background: Template:Party color;" | | Script error: No such module "Sort". (1909–1913)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". |
| 45 | File:Henry Stimson, Harris & Ewing bw photo portrait, 1929 (3x4 cropped).jpg | Script error: No such module "Sort". | Template:Dts | Template:Dts | Template:Ayd | style="background: Template:Party color;" | | Republican | New York | ||
| 46 | File:Lindley Garrison, BW photo portrait, 1913.jpg | Script error: No such module "Sort". | Template:Dts | Template:Dts | Template:Ayd | style="background: Template:Party color;" | | Democratic | New Jersey | rowspan=2 style="background: Template:Party color;" | | Script error: No such module "Sort". (1913–1921)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". |
| 47 | File:BAKER, NEWTON D. HONORABLE (3x4 cropped).jpg | Script error: No such module "Sort". | Template:Dts | Template:Dts | Template:Ayd | style="background: Template:Party color;" | | Democratic | Ohio | ||
| 48 | File:John Wingate Weeks, Bain bw photo portrait.jpg | Script error: No such module "Sort". | Template:Dts | Template:Dts | Template:Ayd | rowspan=2 style="background: Template:Party color;" | | Republican | Massachusetts | style="background: Template:Party color;" | | Script error: No such module "Sort". (1921–1923)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". |
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| 49 | File:Dwight Davis, Bain bw photo portrait.jpg | Script error: No such module "Sort". | Template:Dts | Template:Dts | Template:Ayd | style="background: Template:Party color;" | | Republican | Missouri | ||
| 50 | File:Jas. W. Good, Iowa (3x4 cropped).jpg | Script error: No such module "Sort". | Template:Dts | Template:Dts | Template:Ayd | style="background: Template:Party color;" | | Republican | Iowa | rowspan=2 style="background: Template:Party color;" | | Script error: No such module "Sort". (1929–1933)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". |
| 51 | File:Patrick J. Hurley, 1935 (cropped).jpg | Script error: No such module "Sort". | Template:Dts | Template:Dts | Template:Ayd | style="background: Template:Party color;" | | Republican | Oklahoma | ||
| 52 | File:George Dern, Bain bw photo portrait.jpg | Script error: No such module "Sort". | Template:Dts | Template:Dts | Template:Ayd | style="background: Template:Party color;" | | Democratic | Utah | rowspan=3 style="background: Template:Party color;" | | Script error: No such module "Sort". (1933–1945)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". |
| 53 | File:Harry Hines Woodring, 53rd United States Secretary of War.jpg | Script error: No such module "Sort". | Template:Dts | Template:Dts | Template:Ayd | style="background: Template:Party color;" | | Democratic | Kansas | ||
| 54 | File:Henry Stimson, Harris & Ewing bw photo portrait, 1929 (3x4 cropped).jpg | Script error: No such module "Sort". | Template:Dts | Template:Dts | Template:Ayd | rowspan=2 style="background: Template:Party color;" | | Republican | New York | ||
| rowspan=3 style="background: Template:Party color;" | | Script error: No such module "Sort". (1945–1953)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". | |||||||||
| 55 | File:Portrait of Robert P. Patterson 111-C-C2512 (tight crop) (3x4 cropped).jpg | Script error: No such module "Sort". | Template:Dts | Template:Dts | Template:Ayd | style="background: Template:Party color;" | | Republican | New York | ||
| 56 | File:Kenneth Claiborne Royall portrait (3x4 cropped).jpg | Script error: No such module "Sort". | Template:Dts | Template:Dts | Template:Ayd | style="background: Template:Party color;" | | Democratic | North Carolina | ||
See also
References
Footnotes
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Further reading
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