23rd United States Congress
Template:Short description Script error: No such module "redirect hatnote". Template:Infobox United States Congress The 23rd United States Congress was a meeting of the legislative branch of the United States federal government, consisting of the United States Senate and the United States House of Representatives. It met in Washington, D.C. from March 4, 1833, to March 4, 1835, during the fifth and sixth years of Andrew Jackson's presidency. The apportionment of seats in the House of Representatives was based on the 1830 United States census. The Senate had an Anti-Jacksonian or National Republican majority, and the House had a Jacksonian or Democratic majority. Template:TOClimit
Major events
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- March 28, 1834: Senate censured President Andrew Jackson for defunding the Second Bank of the United States
- June 2, 1834: A special election for the House speakership takes 10 ballots.
- January 30, 1835: Richard Lawrence unsuccessfully tried to assassinate President Jackson in the United States Capitol; this was the first assassination attempt against a President of the United States.[1]
Major legislation
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Party summary
The count below identifies party affiliations at the beginning of the first session of this congress. Changes resulting from subsequent replacements are shown below in the "Changes in membership" section.
Senate
Template:US Congress party summary
House of Representatives
For the beginning of this congress, the size of the House was increased from 213 seats to 240 seats, following the 1830 United States census.[2]
Template:US Congress party summary
Leadership
Senate
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Martin Van Buren
- President: Martin Van Buren (J)
- President pro tempore: Hugh Lawson White (J), until December 15, 1833
- George Poindexter (NR), June 28, 1834 – November 30, 1834
- John Tyler (NR), from March 3, 1835
House of Representatives
- Speaker: Andrew Stevenson (J), until June 2, 1834
Members
This list is arranged by chamber, then by state. Senators are listed by class, and representatives are listed by district.
Senate
Script error: No such module "Labelled list hatnote". Senators were elected by the state legislatures every two years, with one-third beginning new six-year terms with each Congress. Preceding the names in the list below are Senate class numbers, which indicate the cycle of their election. In this Congress, Class 1 meant their term began with this Congress, requiring reelection in 1838; Class 2 meant their term ended with this Congress, requiring reelection in 1834; and Class 3 meant their term began in the last Congress, requiring reelection in 1836.
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House of Representatives
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Changes in membership
The count below reflects changes from the beginning of the first session of this Congress.
Senate
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|-
| South Carolina
(3)
| colspan=2 style="font-size:80%" | Vacant since March 3, 1833, due to the resignation of Stephen Decatur Miller (N).
Successor was elected November 26, 1833.
| style="background:Template:Party color" | William C. Preston (N)
| November 26, 1833
|-
| Mississippi
(1)
| colspan=2 style="font-size:80%" | Vacant from the start of this Congress due to the state legislature's failure to elect.
Appointee who had held the seat at the end of the previous Congress was elected November 22, 1833.
| style="background-color:#FFE6B0" | John Black (NR)
| November 22, 1833
|-
| Pennsylvania
(1)
| colspan=2 style="font-size:80%" | Vacant from the start of this Congress due to the state legislature's failure to elect.
Successor was elected December 7, 1833.
| style="background-color:Template:Party color" | Samuel McKean (J)
| December 7, 1833
|-
| Louisiana
(3)
| style="background-color:#FFE6B0" | Josiah S. Johnston (NR)
| style="font-size:80%" | Died May 19, 1833.
Successor was elected December 19, 1833.
| style="background-color:#FFE6B0" | Alexander Porter (NR)
| December 19, 1833
|-
| Missouri
(3)
| style="background-color:Template:Party color" | Alexander Buckner (J)
| style="font-size:80%" | Died June 6, 1833.
Successor was appointed December 19, 1833, and subsequently elected to finish the term.
| style="background-color:Template:Party color" | Lewis F. Linn (J)
| October 25, 1833
|-
| Georgia
(2)
| style="background-color:Template:Party color" | George Troup (J)
| style="font-size:80%" | Resigned November 8, 1833.
Successor was elected November 21, 1833.
| style="background-color:Template:Party color" | John P. King (D)
| November 21, 1833
|-
| Virginia
(2)
| style="background-color:Template:Party color" | William Rives (J)
| style="font-size:80%" | Resigned February 22, 1834.
Successor was elected February 26, 1834.
| style="background-color:#FFE6B0" | Benjamin W. Leigh (NR)
| February 26, 1834
|-
| Pennsylvania
(3)
| style="background-color:Template:Party color" | William Wilkins (J)
| style="font-size:80%" | Resigned June 30, 1834, to become U.S. Minister to Russia.
Successor elected December 6, 1834.
| style="background-color:Template:Party color" | James Buchanan (J)
| December 6, 1834
|-
| Georgia
(3)
| style="background-color:Template:Party color" | John Forsyth (J)
| style="font-size:80%" | Resigned July 27, 1834, to become U.S. Secretary of State.
Successor elected January 12, 1835.
| style="background-color:Template:Party color" | Alfred Cuthbert (J)
| January 12, 1835
|-
| Maryland
(3)
| style="background-color:#FFE6B0" | Ezekiel F. Chambers (NR)
| style="font-size:80%" | Resigned December 20, 1834, to become judge of the Maryland Court of Appeals.
Successor elected January 13, 1835.
| style="background-color:#FFE6B0" | Robert H. Goldsborough (NR)
| January 13, 1835
|-
| Maine
(2)
| style="background-color:#FFE6B0" | Peleg Sprague (NR)
| style="font-size:80%" | Resigned January 1, 1835.
Successor elected January 20, 1835.
| style="background-color:Template:Party color" | John Ruggles (J)
| January 20, 1835
|}
House of Representatives
- Replacements: 18
- Jacksonian: 1 seat net loss
- National Republican: 1 seat net gain
- Deaths: 8
- Resignations: 15
- Contested election: 1
- Total seats with changes: 23
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|- | Template:Ushr | Vacant | Contested election of Thomas P. Moore. House denied either party the seat and declared new election | style="background-color:#FFE6B0" | Robert P. Letcher (NR) | Seated August 6, 1834
|- | Template:Ushr | style="background-color:Template:Party color" | Joel B. Sutherland (J) | Resigned before the term to become a judge, but then left that judgeship to seek his old seat and re-elected October 8, 1833. | style="background-color:Template:Party color" | Joel B. Sutherland (J) | Seated December 2, 1833
|- | Template:Ushr | style="background-color:Template:Party color" | John Randolph (J) | Died May 24, 1833 | style="background-color:Template:Party color" | Thomas T. Bouldin (J) | Seated December 2, 1833 |- | Template:Ushr | style="background:Template:Party color" | Thomas D. Singleton (N) | Died November 25, 1833 | style="background:Template:Party color" | Robert B. Campbell (N) | Seated February 27, 1834 |- | Template:Ushr | style="background:Template:Party color" | George McDuffie (N) | Resigned some time in 1834. | style="background:Template:Party color" | Francis W. Pickens (N) | Seated December 8, 1834 |- | Template:Ushr | style="background-color:#FFE6B0" | Henry A. Bullard (NR) | Resigned January 4, 1834, after being appointed as a judge of the Supreme Court of Louisiana | style="background-color:#FFE6B0" | Rice Garland (NR) | Seated April 28, 1834 |- | Template:Ushr | style="background-color:#FFE6B0" | John Davis (NR) | Resigned January 14, 1834, after being elected Governor of Massachusetts | style="background-color:#FFE6B0" | Levi Lincoln (NR) | Seated March 5, 1834 |- | Template:Ushr | style="background-color:Template:Party color" | Thomas T. Bouldin (J) | Died February 11, 1834 | style="background-color:Template:Party color" | James W. Bouldin (J) | Seated March 28, 1834 |- | Template:Ushr | style="background-color:Template:Party color" | Robert T. Lytle (J) | Resigned March 10, 1834 | style="background-color:Template:Party color" | Robert T. Lytle (J) | Re-seated December 27, 1834 |- | Template:Ushr | style="background-color:Template:Party color" | James Blair (J) | Died April 1, 1834 | style="background-color:Template:Party color" | Richard I. Manning (J) | Seated December 8, 1834 |- | Template:Ushr | style="background-color:Template:Party color" | Littleton P. Dennis (J) | Died April 14, 1834 | style="background-color:Template:Party color" | John N. Steele (J) | Seated June 9, 1834 |- | Template:Ushr | style="background-color:#FFE6B0" | Samuel A. Foot (NR) | Resigned May 9, 1834, after becoming Governor of Connecticut | style="background-color:#FFE6B0" | Ebenezer Jackson Jr. (NR) | Seated December 1, 1834 |- | Template:Ushr | style="background-color:Template:Party color" | Cornelius V. Lawrence (J) | Resigned May 14, 1834, after becoming Mayor of New York City. This was a plural district with 4 representatives. | style="background-color:Template:Party color" | John J. Morgan (J) | Seated December 1, 1834 |- | Template:Ushr | style="background-color:Template:Party color" | Andrew Stevenson (J) | Resigned June 2, 1834 | style="background-color:#FFE6B0" | John Robertson (NR) | Seated December 1, 1834 |- | Template:Ushr | style="background-color:#FFE6B0" | Rufus Choate (NR) | Resigned June 30, 1834 | style="background-color:#FFE6B0" | Stephen C. Phillips (NR) | Seated December 1, 1834 |- | Template:Ushr | style="background-color:Template:Party color" | Dudley Selden (J) | Resigned July 1, 1834. This was a plural district with 4 representatives. | style="background-color:Template:Party color" | Charles G. Ferris (J) | Seated December 1, 1834 |- | Template:Ushr | style="background-color:#FFE6B0" | William W. Ellsworth (NR) | Resigned July 8, 1834 | style="background-color:#FFE6B0" | Joseph Trumbull (NR) | Seated December 1, 1834 |- | Template:Ushr | style="background-color:Template:Party color" | Humphrey H. Leavitt (J) | Resigned July 10, 1834, after becoming judge of the US District Court of Ohio | style="background-color:Template:Party color" | Daniel Kilgore (J) | Seated December 1, 1834 |- | Template:Ushr | style="background:#FFFF99" | Benjamin F. Deming (AM) | Died July 11, 1834 | style="background:#FFFF99" | Henry F. Janes (AM) | Seated December 2, 1834 |- | Template:Ushr | style="background-color:Template:Party color" | Charles Slade (J) | Died July 26, 1834 | style="background-color:Template:Party color" | John Reynolds (J) | Seated December 1, 1834 |- | Template:Ushr | style="background-color:#FFE6B0" | Jabez W. Huntington (NR) | Resigned August 16, 1834, after being appointed judge of the Connecticut Supreme Court of Errors | style="background-color:#FFE6B0" | Phineas Miner (NR) | Seated December 1, 1834 |- | Template:Ushr | style="background-color:Template:Party color" | Joseph Duncan (J) | Resigned September 21, 1834, after being elected Governor of Illinois | style="background-color:Template:Party color" | William L. May (J) | Seated December 1, 1834 |- | Template:Ushr | style="background-color:#FFE6B0" | Edward D. White (NR) | Resigned November 15, 1834, to become Governor of Louisiana | style="background-color:#FFE6B0" | Henry Johnson (NR) | Seated December 1, 1834 |- | Template:Ushr | style="background-color:Template:Party color" | James M. Wayne (J) | Resigned January 13, 1835, after being appointed an Associate Justice of the United States Supreme Court | colspan=2 rowspan=2 | Not filled in this Congress |- | Template:Ushr | style="background:Template:Party color" | Warren R. Davis (N) | Died January 29, 1835 |}
Committees
Lists of committees and their party leaders.
Senate
- Agriculture (Chairman: Bedford Brown)
- Amendments to the Constitution (Select)
- Audit and Control the Contingent Expenses of the Senate (Chairman: Nehemiah Knight)
- Claims (Chairman: Samuel Bell)
- Commerce (Chairman: Nathaniel Silsbee)
- Distributing Public Revenue Among the States (Select)
- District of Columbia (Chairman: Ezekiel F. Chambers then John Tyler)
- Engrossed Bills (Chairman: Ether Shepley)
- Establishing Branches of the Mint (Select)
- Executive Patronage (Select)
- Finance (Chairman: Daniel Webster)
- Foreign Relations (Chairman: William Wilkins then Henry Clay)
- French Spoilations (Select)
- Indian Affairs (Chairman: Hugh Lawson White)
- Judiciary (Chairman: John M. Clayton)
- Manufactures (Chairman: Theodore Frelinghuysen)
- Michigan and Arkansas Admission to the Union (Select)
- Mileage of Members of Congress (Select)
- Military Affairs (Chairman: Nathaniel Silsbee)
- Militia (Chairman: John M. Robinson)
- Naval Affairs (Chairman: Samuel Southard)
- Pensions (Chairman: Gideon Tomlinson)
- Post Office and Post Roads (Chairman: Felix Grundy)
- President's Message Refusing to Furnish a Paper to Senate (Select)
- Private Land Claims (Chairman: William Hendricks)
- Public Lands (Chairman: George Poindexter)
- Purchasing Boyd Reilly's Gas Apparatus (Select)
- Revolutionary Claims (Chairman: Gabriel Moore)
- Roads and Canals (Chairman: William Hendricks)
- Shiloh National Park (Select)
- Tariff Regulation (Select)
- Whole
House of Representatives
- Accounts (Chairman: Joel K. Mann)
- Agriculture (Chairman: Abraham Bockee)
- Bank of the United States (Select)
- Biennial Register (Select)
- Boundary of the Chickasaw Indians (Select)
- Claims (Chairman: Elisha Whittlesey)
- Commerce (Chairman: Joel B. Sutherland)
- District of Columbia (Chairman: Joseph Chinn)
- Elections (Chairman: Nathaniel Claiborne)
- Establishing an Assay Office in the Gold Region (Select)
- Expenditures in the Navy Department (Chairman: Joseph Hall)
- Expenditures in the Post Office Department (Chairman: Albert G. Hawes)
- Expenditures in the State Department (Chairman: Augustine Henry Shepperd)
- Expenditures in the Treasury Department (Chairman: Heman Allen)
- Expenditures in the War Department (Chairman: Frederick Whittlesey)
- Expenditures on Public Buildings (Chairman: Reuben Whallon)
- Foreign Affairs (Chairman: William S. Archer then John Young Mason)
- Foreign Relations (Chairman: William S. Archer then John Young Mason)
- Indian Affairs (Chairman: Dixon H. Lewis)
- Invalid Pensions (Chairman: Tristam Burges)
- Judiciary (Chairman: John Bell then Thomas F. Foster)
- Manufactures (Chairman: John Quincy Adams)
- Military Affairs (Chairman: Richard M. Johnson)
- Naval Affairs (Chairman: Campbell P. White)
- Post Office and Post Roads (Chairman: Henry W. Connor)
- Private Land Claims (Chairman: Cave Johnson)
- Public Expenditures (Chairman: Thomas Davenport)
- Public Lands (Chairman: Clement C. Clay)
- Revisal and Unfinished Business (Chairman: John Dickson)
- Revolutionary Claims (Chairman: Henry A. P. Muhlenberg)
- Revolutionary Pensions (Chairman: Daniel Wardwell)
- Roads and Canals (Chairman: Charles F. Mercer)
- Rules (Select)
- Standards of Official Conduct
- Territories (Chairman: Lewis Williams)
- Ways and Means (Chairman: James K. Polk)
- Whole
Joint committees
Employees
Senate
- Secretary: Walter Lowrie
- Sergeant at Arms: Mountjoy Bayly, until December 9, 1833
- John Shackford, elected December 9, 1833
- Chaplain: Charles C. Pise (Roman Catholic), until December 10, 1833
- Frederick W. Hatch (Episcopalian), elected December 10, 1833
House of Representatives
- Clerk: Matthew St. Clair Clarke, until December 2, 1833
- Walter S. Franklin, elected December 2, 1833
- Sergeant at Arms: John O. Dunn, until December 6, 1833
- Thomas B. Randolph, elected December 6, 1833
- Doorkeeper: Overton Carr
- Postmaster: William J. McCormick
- Reading Clerks: Template:Data missing
- Chaplain: William H. Hammett (Methodist), until December 9, 1833
- Thomas H. Stockton (Methodist), elected December 9, 1833
- Edward D. Smith (Presbyterian), elected December 10, 1834
See also
- 1832 United States elections (elections leading to this Congress)
- 1834 United States elections (elections during this Congress, leading to the next Congress)
Notes
References
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External links
- Statutes at Large, 1789–1875
- Senate Journal, First Forty-three Sessions of Congress
- House Journal, First Forty-three Sessions of Congress
- Biographical Directory of the U.S. Congress
- U.S. House of Representatives: House History
- U.S. Senate: Statistics and Lists
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