Tulu people
Template:Short description Template:Use Indian English Template:Use dmy dates
Template:Short description Script error: No such module "infobox".Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". Template:Infobox ethnonym The Tulu people or Tuluvas are an ethno-linguistic and ethno-cultural group from Southern India. They are native speakers of the Tulu language and the region they traditionally inhabit is known as Tulu Nadu. This region comprises the districts of Dakshina Kannada, Mangalore, and Udupi in Karnataka, part of Kasaragod district in Kerala,[1][2]Script error: No such module "Unsubst". with Mangalore, Karnataka being the commercial hub. The Census report of 2011 reported a population of 1,846,427 native Tulu speakers living in India.[3]
Etymology
According to Keralolpathi, the name Tuluva comes from that of one of the Cheraman Perumal kings of Kerala, who fixed his residence in the northern portion of his dominions just before its separation from Kerala, and who was called Tulubhan Perumal.[4]Template:Better source needed
Mythology
According to mythology, Tulu Nadu was reclaimed by Parashurama from the sea.Script error: No such module "Unsubst". According to the 17th-century Malayalam work Keralolpathi, the lands of Kerala and Tulu Nadu were recovered from the Arabian Sea by the axe-wielding warrior sage Parasurama, the sixth avatar of Vishnu (hence, Kerala is also called Parasurama Kshetram 'The Land of Parasurama'[5]). Parasurama threw his axe across the sea, and the water receded as far as it reached. According to legend, this new area of land extended from Gokarna to Kanyakumari.[6]Template:Better source needed The land which rose from sea was filled with salt and unsuitable for habitation; so Parasurama invoked the Snake King Vasuki, who spat holy poison and converted the soil into fertile lush green land. Out of respect, Vasuki and all snakes were appointed as protectors and guardians of the land. P. T. Srinivasa Iyengar theorised, that Senguttuvan may have been inspired by the Parasurama legend, which was brought by early Aryan settlers.[7]
People and identity
Tulu speakers are divided into various castes. The major Tulu speaking castes are:
- Bunts
- Mansas
- Billavas
- Madivala
- Shettigars
- Tulu Gowdas
- Devadigas
- Kulalas
- Koragas
- Mogaveeras
- Tulu Brahmins
- Vishwakarmas
- Naiks
- Tulu Bhandary
Mangalorean Protestants are also Tulu speakers.[8]
Culture
Tuluvas follow a matrilineal system of inheritance known as Aliyasantana, where inheritance is from uncle to nephew, except for Brahmins, Tulu Gowda, Shettigar caste and Vishwakarmas.[9] It is similar to the Marumakkathayam of Kerala.[10][11][12] Other distinctive features include the rituals of Yakshagana, Bhuta Kola, Nagaradhane[13] Aati kalenja and Kambala.[14] Bhuta Kola is similar to Theyyam in North Malabar region.[15][16]
Tuluva New Year, called Bisu Parba, falls on the same day as Baisakhi, Vishu and the Thai New Year.[17]
Tuluva Paddanas are sung narratives, which are part of several closely related singing traditions in Tulu language. They are sung during occasions which describe the evolution of Tulu tribes and Tulu culture.[18]
Buta Kola
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Script error: No such module "lang". (Template:Lit or 'soul worship'; a Script error: No such module "lang". or Script error: No such module "lang". is a supernatural creature, or spiritual entity, especially of ancestors)[19] in Tulu Nadu is similar to the rest of South India, though the Script error: No such module "lang". and forms of worship differ. The kola or nema is the yearly ceremony celebrating the festival of Script error: No such module "lang".. They have attained a godly status among some worshippers, mainly non-Brahmins, and even have their own Script error: No such module "lang". (a place of abode similar to temples). However, in many villages the Brahmins, who consider these spirits as their protectorates, conduct the yearly ceremonies.
Script error: No such module "lang"., who may be considered local deities, can be animistic as in Panjurli (boar) or Script error: No such module "lang". (tiger). A second variety can be representatives of characters taken out of the Puranas like Bermer (Brahma), Lekkesiri (Raktesvari, Kali) or Vishnumurti. A third category is deified human beings like Gulige, Annappe, and Koti-Chananye. The fourth kind is strictly local characters like Male-Chandi (from the male-Nadu), Ullaldi (from Ullal), and Malaraye (from the Ghats). Then there are Script error: No such module "lang". that provide comical relief during nemas, namely Marlu-Jumadi (crazy Jumadi) or Potte (mute–deaf demigod). Newer Script error: No such module "lang". also have been added, like Script error: No such module "lang". (new demigod), Vokku-Ballala, and Muttappe.[20]Template:Better source needed
The 2022 film Kantāra, directed and acted by Rishabh Shetty depicts the ritual, as well as cites the importance of Kul Devtās (Clan Deities)
Demand for a Tulu Nadu state
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From India's independence and following the reorganization of states, the Tuluvas have been demanding national language status for Tulu[21] and a separate state for themselves called Tulu Nadu ('land of Tuluvas'), based on their language and distinct culture. Though somewhat subdued for a while, this demand has grown stronger in recent years. Several organizations like the Tulu Rajya Horata Samiti have taken up the cause of the Tuluvas, and frequent meetings and demonstrations are held across towns in Tulunadu (such as Mangalore and Udupi) to voice their demands.[22]Template:Broken footnote[23][24]
Prominent Tuluvas
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See also
References
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- ↑ S.C. Bhatt, Gopal K. Bhargava (2006) "Land and People of Indian States and Union Territories: Volume 14.", p. 18
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- ↑ Page 35-39 Kandamathu Kudumba Sangamam Published by K. K. N., Neyyattinkara, S. India 1995
- ↑ Jeffrey in the Decline of Nayar Dominance in Travancore, See notes under C V Raman Pillai
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- ↑ Peter J. Claus, "Variability in Tulu Padannas".Script error: No such module "Unsubst". Retrieved 2011-03-09.
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- ↑ Tulu Rajya Horata Samithi has urged that the region comprising Tulu speaking people should be given the status of a separate state.Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ "Now the time has come for all Tulu natives to pressurize the union government with the demand for a separate Tulunadu state", said renowned Tulu litterateur and Yakshagana artiste Kudyady Vishwanath Rai.Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
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Further reading
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