Tulku Dragpa Gyaltsen

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Script error: No such module "Infobox".Template:Template otherTemplate:Wikidata imageScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".Template:Compare Trülku Drakpa Gyeltsen (1619–1656) was an important Gelugpa lama and a contemporary of the 5th Dalai Lama (1617–1682). His Seat was the upper residence (Wylie: gzims khang gong ma) of Drepung Monastery, a famous Gelug gompa located near Lhasa. [1][2]

Incarnation lineage

Tibetan Buddhists consider Trülku Drakpa Gyeltsen to be the 6th Kyorlung Ngari Tulku, a line of incarnate lamas which began with Duldzin Dragpa Gyaltsen (1374-1434), an important disciple of Je Tsongkhapa, the founder of the Gelug school.

Tulku Dragpa Gyaltsen is also called the 4th Drepung Zimkhang Gongma or rebirth of Panchen Sonam Dragpa, the 3rd Kyorlung Ngari Tulku, who held the posts of the 15th Ganden Tripa and abbot of Drepung.[3] Before his death in 1554, he had established his own monastic estate, known as the Upper Chamber (Zimkhang Gongma), named for its location at the top of Drepung Monastery just below the Ngakpa debating courtyard.[4] This grew to be a rival centre of power in Drepung to the estate of the Dalai Lamas, called Ganden Phodrang, or so-called lower chamber (Zimkhang 'Ogma) which had been constructed in 1518 by the 2nd Dalai Lama.[5]Script error: No such module "Unsubst".

According to Lindsay G. McCune, the "Gelukpa authorities" agreed that Tulku Dragpa Gyaltsen was the immediate rebirth of Sönam Gelek Pelzang (1594–1615), and the fourth incarnation, or tulku, in the Drepung Zimkhang Gongma line.[6]

Prior births

His prior "incarnation lineage"[7] includes:[8]

  • Duldzin Dragpa Gyaltsen (Script error: No such module "Lang".)[1374-1434] [9]
  • Charchen Chödrak (Script error: No such module "Lang".)[10]
  • Panchen Sönam Drakpa (Script error: No such module "Lang".) [1478—1554] (first Drepung Zimkhang Gongma)[11][12]
  • Sönam Yéshé Wangpo (Script error: No such module "Lang".)- seat: Drepung monastery[13]
  • Ngakwang Sönam Gélek Pelzang (Script error: No such module "Lang".)- seat: Drepung monastery[14]

Some Tibetan Buddhists believe that, prior to his birth as Duldzin Dragpa Gyaltsen, he was also Buton Rinchen Drub (1291–1364) of Shalu Monastery[15]

Subsequent rebirths

Tibetan historian Samten Karmay writes that after the death of Dragpa Gyaltsen the search for his reincarnation was banned. Thus the Drepung Zimkhang Gongma line ended and the estate founded by Panchen Sönam Dragpa in 1554 at the Upper Chamber of Drepung ceased to exist in 1656.[16]

Some believe that Tulku Dragpa Gyaltsen then appeared as the wrathful deity Dorje Shugden.[16] However at that time Tulku Dragpa Gyaltsen's own students and supporters disagreed with this account, stating that this spirit was not that of Drakpa Gyeltsen but rather that of the Fifth Dalai Lama's minister Desi Sönam Chöpel (sde srid bsod nams chos ’phel; 1595-1658), who was an enemy of Drakpa Gyeltsen and who had also died around the same time.[17][18] Georges Dreyfus also notes that "there are other stories that seem to hint that the evil spirit connected with Drak-ba Gyel-tsen was already active prior to the latter's demise, even as early 1636. If Shuk-den was already active prior to Trul-ku Drak-ba Gyel-tsen's tragic demise, how can he be the latter's wrathful manifestation?"[17]

The Tibetan Buddhist Resource Center database lists a continuing line of Kyorlung Ngari tulkus subsequent to Tulku Dragpa Gyaltsen:

  • Ngakwang Jinpa Jamyang Tenpé Gyeltsen (Script error: No such module "Lang".)[19]
  • Lozang Tashi (Script error: No such module "Lang".)[20]
  • Lozang Gélek Drakpa (Script error: No such module "Lang".)[21]
  • Lozang Jikmé Tenpé Gyeltsen (Script error: No such module "Lang".)[22]
  • Ngakwang Tsültrim Tenpé Gyeltsen (Script error: No such module "Lang".)[23]
  • Khédrup Tendzin Chökyi Nyima (Script error: No such module "Lang".)[24]
  • Ngakwang Lozang Khédrup Tendzin Gyatso (Script error: No such module "Lang".)[25]
  • Tendzin Chögyel (Script error: No such module "Lang".) [b.1946][26]

Rivalry, murder and reincarnation

Tibetan historian Samten Karmay writes "It should be recalled that he had been one of the candidates for the reincarnation of the Fifth Dalai Lama. As a result, he was always seen as a rival of the Fifth Dalai Lama though he invariably proclaimed himself a disciple of the latter. He came to be despised by a number of officials and especially the sDe-srid."[27]

Samten Karmay further writes "The circumstances of his death, whether natural or not, were contested and part of the dGe-lugs-pa school believed that the official Norbu, acting under the sDe-srid's orders had assassinated him. Whatever the truth, the search for his reincarnation was banned, which suggests that the affair must have been quite serious indeed. In 1658, the actual building of the 'Upper Chamber' was destroyed and the stupa containing the remains of the Lama was supposedly thrown into the sKyid-chu river. It was then believed that the spirit of Grags-pa rgyal-mtshan had returned as a sort of 'protector of the Buddhist religion'."[27]

Selected information from different sources

Script error: No such module "Unsubst". Lobsang Tamdin's be bum extracted the biographies (rnam thar) of Tulku Dragpa Gyaltsen and his reincarnation lineage into a work called sprul sku grags pa rgyal mtshan gyi sngon byung ‘khrungs rabs dang bcas pa'i rnam thar (dza ya pandi ta blo bzang 'phrin las kyi gsan yig nas zur du bkod pa bzhugs so). The originals can also be found directly in the catalog of received teachings (thob yig) of Jaya Pandita published by Lokesh Chandra, International Academy of Indian Culture (1981, vol. 4, folios 43-60). This contains the list of the long "incarnation lineage" of Tulku Dragpa Gyaltsen, with brief biographies. The biography of Tulku Dragpa Gyaltsen contains a year by year account of his life.Script error: No such module "Unsubst".

Further reading

Literature

  • Autobiography of Lobsang Chökyi Gyaltsen, 4th Panchen Lama (1567–1622, Wylie: chos smra ba'i dge slong blo bzang chos kyi rgyal mtshan gyi sphyod tshul gsal bar ston pa nor bu'i phreng ba zhes bya ba zhugs so)
  • The Vaidurya Serpo (Wylie: dga' ldan chos byung vai durya ser po), Desi Sangye Gyatso's (1653–1705) history of the Gandenpa tradition
  • Dungkar's Encyclopedia (Wylie: dung dkar tshig mdzod chen mo) by Dungkar Lozang Trinle (1927–1997)
  • Treasury of Names (Wylie: ming dzod) by Koshül Drakpa Chungne (born 20th century) and Gyelwa Lozang Khedrup (born 20th century)
  • Ngawang Lozang Gyamtso's Autobiography of the 5th Dalai Lama (Wylie: za hor gyi ban de ngag dbang blo bzang rgya mtsho'i 'di snang 'khrul ba'i rol rtsed rtogs brjod kyi tshul du bkod pa du lu la' gos bzang)
  • The 5th Dalai Lama's Spontaneous Achievement of the Four Enlightened Activities: [Rites of] realization, offerings, expiation, praises, feasts, and so forth for the ocean of loyal dharma protectors who possess unhindered strength and power (Wylie: thogs med drag rtsal nus stobs ldan pa'i dam can chos srung rgya mtsho'i mngon rtogs mchod 'bul bskyang bshags bstod tsogs sogs 'phrin las rnam zhi lhun drub ces bya ba bzhugs so)
  • Excellent Wish-Granting Tree (Wylie: dpag bsam ljon bzang) by Sumpa Khenpo Yeshe Peljor (Wylie: sum pa ye shes dpal 'byor, 1704–1788)

Notes

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References

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  1. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  2. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  3. ↑ Brief History of Ganden Monastery
  4. ↑ Drepung: An Introduction by Georges Dreyfus (April 10, 2006)
  5. ↑ [1] Template:Webarchive
  6. ↑ Tales of Intrigue from Tibet's Holy City: The Historical Underpinnings of a Modern Buddhist Crisis / Thesis by Lindsay G. McCune, Introduction, p.2 Template:Webarchive The Florida State University College of Arts and Sciences
  7. ↑ A small explanation for the Lineages
  8. ↑ E. Gene Smith ; edited by Kurtis R. Schaeffer, "Among Tibetan Texts: history and literature of the Himalayan Plateau", page 129 Boston: Wisdom Publications, 2001
  9. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  10. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  11. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1". http://www.tbrc.org/#!rid=P101
  12. ↑ g A Brief History: Drepung Loseling College:"Panchen Sonam Dakpa (1478–1554) became one of the main disciples of the Second Dalai Lama Gedun Gyatso (1476–1542). As directed by the Second Dalai Lama, Panchen Sonam Dakpa became the Loseling abbot and taught there for about six years. He took a great responsibility for its academic activities and administrations. For the benefit of all beings, he bestowed upasaka vows to the Third Dalai Lama and named him Sonam Gyatso Pel Sangpo. Panchen Sonam Dakpa wrote fourteen volumes of treatises on the five major Buddhist texts for the benefit and promotion of the teachings of the Buddha in general and the Yellow Hat tradition in particular. Even today these commentaries are being used as the main textbooks in the Loseling College, the Shartse College of the Gaden Monastic University, in many monasteries of Kham and Amdo provinces of Tibet as well as in some monasteries in Mongolia."
  13. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  14. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  15. ↑ bu ston rin chen grub TBRC P155
  16. ↑ a b Karmay, Samten G. (1997). The Arrow and the Spindle, Volume 1, p. 514
  17. ↑ a b Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  18. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  19. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  20. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  21. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  22. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  23. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  24. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  25. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  26. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  27. ↑ a b Karmay, Samten G. "The arrow and the spindle : studies in history, myths, rituals and beliefs in Tibet.", page 514, Kathmandu: Mandala Book Point, 1998. Vol 1, Part IV, "The Fifth Dalai Lama And His Reunification Of Tibet"

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External links

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