Trogulidae
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Template:Short description Template:Automatic taxobox
Trogulidae is a family of harvestmen comprising 65 extant species (plus 1 extinct) in five genera.
Members of this species have short legs and live in soil. They have dirt attached to their bodies, to escape predators. Their body length ranges from 2 to 22 mm. In most genera, the body is somewhat flattened and leathery. Adults have a small hood which hides their short chelicerae and pedipalps.[1]
Distribution
Members of this family occur in western and southern Europe, up to western North Africa and the Levant, the Caucasus and northern Iran. Trogulus tricarinatus, a predator of terrestrial snails, has been introduced to eastern North America.[1]
Name
The derivation of the name of the type genus, Trogulus, is not fully understood. The describer Latreille wrote that he named it because it looks like a monkshood. Perrier (1929) however derived the name from the Ancient Greek trogein "gnawing", because of the rough, "gnawed-upon" appearance.[1]
Species
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The known genera and species in Trogulidae as of 2023 are:[2][3][4]
- Anarthrotarsus Šilhavý, 1967
- Anarthrotarsus martensi Šilhavý, 1967Template:SndGreece
- Anarthrotarsus trichasi Kontos & Martens, 2022Template:SndGreece
- Anelasmocephalus Simon, 1879
- Anelasmocephalus balearicus Martens & Chemini, 1988Template:SndSpain (Baleares)
- Anelasmocephalus brignolii Martens & Chemini, 1988Template:SndItaly (Sardinia)
- Anelasmocephalus calcaneatus Martens & Chemini, 1988Template:SndItaly (Sicily)
- Anelasmocephalus cambridgei (Westwood, 1874)Template:SndUK to Balkans (Europe)
- Anelasmocephalus cazorla Prieto & Las Heras, 2020Template:SndSpain
- Anelasmocephalus crassipes (H. Lucas, 1846)Template:SndAlgeria, Tunisia
- Anelasmocephalus gadirrif Prieto & Las Heras, 2020Template:SndSpain, Morocco
- Anelasmocephalus hadzii Martens, 1978Template:SndAustria, Italy, Serbia, etc Balkans
- Anelasmocephalus lycosinus (Sørensen, 1873)Template:SndItaly
- Anelasmocephalus ortunioi Prieto & Las Heras, 2020Template:SndSpain
- Anelasmocephalus osellai Martens & Chemini, 1988Template:SndItaly
- Anelasmocephalus pusillus Simon, 1879Template:SndItaly, France (Corsica)
- Anelasmocephalus pyrenaicus Martens, 1978Template:SndSpain
- Anelasmocephalus rufitarsis Simon, 1879Template:SndItaly, France, Switzerland
- Anelasmocephalus tenuiglandis Martens & Chemini, 1988Template:SndFrance
- Anelasmocephalus tuscus Martens & Chemini, 1988Template:SndItaly
- Calathocratus Simon, 1879
- Calathocratus africanus (H. Lucas, 1846)Template:SndAlgeria, Tunisia, Italy
- Calathocratus beieri Gruber, 1968Template:SndTurkey
- Calathocratus caucasicus (Šilhavý, 1966)Template:SndTurkey, Azerbaijan, Russia, Georgia, Iran.
- Calathocratus hirsutus Snegovaya, 2011Template:SndRussia
- Calathocratus intermedius Roewer, 1940Template:SndGreece (Crete)
- Calathocratus kyrghyzicus (Chemeris, 2013)Template:SndKyrgyzstan
- Calathocratus minutus Snegovaya, 2011Template:SndRussia
- Calathocratus rhodiensis (Gruber, 1963)Template:SndGreece (Rhodes)
- Calathocratus singularis (Roewer, 1940)Template:SndGreece, Bulgaria, Turkey
- Calathocratus sinuosus (Sørensen, 1873)Template:SndItaly
- Kofiniotis Roewer, 1940
- Kofiniotis creticus Roewer, 1940Template:SndGreece (Crete)
- Trogulus aquaticus Simon, 1879Template:SndFrance (Corsica)
- Trogulus balearicus Schönhofer & Martens, 2008Template:SndSpain (Baleares)
- Trogulus banaticus Avram, 1971Template:SndRomania, North Macedonia, Serbia, etc.
- Trogulus cisalpinus Chemini & Martens, 1988Template:SndItaly
- Trogulus closanicus Avram, 1971Template:SndRomania, Germany, Bulgaria etc
- Trogulus coreiformis C. L. Koch, in Hahn & Koch, 1839Template:Snd(Unknown locality) [Nomen dubium per Schönhofer 2013]
- Trogulus coriziformis C. L. Koch, in Hahn & Koch, 1839 Template:SndItaly (contra reports of widespread)
- Trogulus cristatus Simon, 1879Template:SndFrance, Italy
- Trogulus falcipenis Komposch, 1999Template:SndAustria, Italy, Croatia, Slovenia
- Trogulus graecus Dahl, 1903Template:SndGreece, Albania, etc (Balkans)
- Trogulus gypseus Simon, 1879Template:Snd Israel, Egypt, Turkey, Greece.
- Trogulus hirtus Dahl, 1903Template:Snd Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia
- Trogulus huberi Schönhofer & Martens, 2008Template:SndPortugal
- Trogulus karamanorum Schönhofer & Martens, 2009Template:SndMacedonia, Albania etc (Balkans)
- Trogulus lusitanicus Giltay, 1932 Template:SndPortugal
- Trogulus lygaeiformis C. L. Koch, in Hahn & Koch, 1839 Template:SndGreece [Nomen dubium per Schönhofer 2013]
- Trogulus martensi Chemini, 1983 Template:SndItaly, France, etc
- Trogulus megaligrava Schönhofer et al., 2013Template:SndGreece (Corfu)
- Trogulus melitensis Schönhofer & Martens, 2009Template:SndCroatia
- Trogulus nepaeformis (Scopoli, 1763)Template:SndItaly, France, etc (Southern Europe)
- Trogulus oltenicus Avram, 1971Template:SndRomania
- Trogulus ozimeci Schönhofer et al., 2013Template:SndCroatia
- Trogulus pharensis Schönhofer & Martens, 2009Template:SndCroatia
- Trogulus prietoi Schönhofer & Martens, 2008Template:SndSpain
- Trogulus pulverulentus C. L. Koch, 1856Template:SndSpain [Nomen dubium per Schönhofer 2013]
- Trogulus pyrenaicus Schönhofer & Martens, 2008Template:SndSpain
- Trogulus rossicus Šilhavý, 1968Template:SndRussia, Azerbaijan, Georgia
- Trogulus setosissmus Roewer, 1940Template:SndCroatia
- Trogulus squamatus C. L. Koch, in Hahn & Koch, 1839Template:SndMontenegro, Croatia (Dalmatia)
- Trogulus templetonii Westwood, 1833Template:SndSpain [Nomen dubium per Schönhofer 2013]
- Trogulus tenuitarsus Schönhofer et al., 2013Template:SndMacedonia
- Trogulus thaleri Schönhofer & Martens, 2009Template:SndCroatia
- Trogulus tingiformis C. L. Koch, in Hahn & Koch, 1839Template:SndGermany, etc (Central Europe)
- Trogulus torosus Simon, 1885Template:SndMontenegro, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia (Dalmatia)
- Trogulus tricarinatus (Linnaeus, 1758)Template:SndGermany, etc (Widespread Western, Central Europe)
- Trogulus uncinatus Gruber, 1973Template:SndTurkey
See also extinct:
- †Trogulus longipes Haupt, 1956 (fossil: Eocene)
Plus see unknown:
- †Amphitrogulus Gourret, 1887
- †Amphitrogulus sternalis Gourret, 1887
References
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- ↑ a b c <templatestyles src="smallcaps/styles.css"/>Gruber, Jürgen (2007): Trogulidae Sundevall, 1833. In: Pinto-da-Rocha et al. 2007: 157ff
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- ↑ Chemeris, A.N. (2013) Two new harvestman species (Arachnida: Opiliones) from the collection of Siberian Zoological Museum. Arthropoda Selecta
- ↑ Template:Cite GBIF
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Further reading
- Joel Hallan's Biology Catalog: Trogulidae
- <templatestyles src="smallcaps/styles.css"/>Pinto-da-Rocha, R., Machado, G. & Giribet, G. (eds.) (2007): Harvestmen - The Biology of Opiliones. Harvard University Press Template:ISBN