Transmembrane protein 222
Template:Short description Template:Infobox gene Transmembrane protein 222 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the TMEM222 gene.[1][2] One notable feature of the protein encoded by this gene is the presence of three predicted transmembrane domains.[3] The TMEM222 protein is predicted to most likely localize to the secretory vesicles.[4]
Gene Features
TMEM222 has a domain of unknown function (DUF778).[5] Aliases of this gene include DKFZP564D0478, RP11-4K3__A.4, C1orf160, and MGC111002.[6] Accession NM_032125.2, the longest coding sequence (1629 bp), encodes a protein of 208 amino acid residues (23230 daltons), which is considered the consensus coding sequence (CCDS297.2).[7] There are two isoforms of the protein encoded by this gene. They are similar except the second (Q9H0R3-2) is lacking the first 96 amino acid residues that are present in the first (Q9H0R3-1).[8]
Gene Expression
ACEVIEW has labeled TMEM222 as highly expressed with 3.8 times more expression than the average gene in the database.[9] There is expression evidence from 166 tissues including brain, lung, colon, kidney, and placenta.[9]
Homology
Orthologs and distant homologs of the human TMEM222 have been identified throughout Eukaryota especially in plants and animals.[10] No paralogs of this gene have been found in the human genome.[11]
| Genus/Species | Common Name | Accession Number | Length | Similarity | Identity |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Rattus norvegicus | Rat | NP_001107252.1 | 208aa | 99% | 96% |
| Canis familiaris | Dog | XP_852505.1 | 208aa | 98% | 96% |
| Mus musculus | Mouse | NP_079943.2 | 208aa | 96% | 95% |
| Sus scrofa | Pig | XP_003127773.1 | 208aa | 97% | 94% |
| Equus caballus | Horse | XP_001917747.1 | 207aa | 94% | 93% |
| Gallus gallus | Chicken | XP_417729.1 | 182aa | 90% | 85% |
| Danio rerio | Zebrafish | NP_001013334.1 | 174aa | 83% | 71% |
| Anopheles gambiae | Mosquito | XP_320483.3 | 197aa | 66% | 53% |
| Drosophila melanogaster | Fruit Fly | NP_723362.1 | 196aa | 74% | 61% |
| Caenorhabditis elegans | Nematode | NP_494762.2 | 168aa | 72% | 55% |
| Phytophthora infestans | Late Blight | XP_002902629.1 | 186aa | 59% | 48% |
| Zea mays | Corn | NP_001144071.1 | 233aa | 61% | 44% |
| Oryza sativa | Rice | NP_001051577.1 | 204aa | 61% | 43% |
| Arabidopsis thaliana | Thall cress | NP_190673.1 | 231aa | 55% | 36% |
| Homo sapiens | Human | NP_115501.2 | 208 | - | - |
Distant Homolog
A distant homolog of TMEM222,[10] RTH (RTE1-Homolog),[12] is a homolog of RTE1 (Reversion-to-Ethylene Perception 1), which is known to induce conformational changes in ETR1 (Ethylene receptor 1) that result in negative regulation corresponding with loss of ethylene perception.[13]
Protein Interactions
Evidence from yeast two-hybrid screening exists for two protein interactions with this gene. One is a serine protease (PRSS23)[14] that has been identified to be involved in mouse ovulation and is excreted into the extracellular matrix.[15] The other protein is an ab-hydrolase (HLA-B associated transcript 5)[16] that is integral to the membrane, and its corresponding gene is located in the genome near Tumor Necrosis Factor (TNF)-alpha and TNF-beta.[17]
References
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- ↑ TMHMM
- ↑ k-NN
- ↑ NCBI (National Center for Biotechnology information)
- ↑ Gene Cards
- ↑ Uniprot
- ↑ Uniprot
- ↑ a b ACEVIEW
- ↑ a b Homologene
- ↑ BLAST
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Further reading
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