Translohr

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to navigation Jump to search

Template:Short description Template:EngvarB Template:Use dmy dates Script error: No such module "Unsubst".

File:Clermont-tram-place-de-jaude.jpg
A Translohr vehicle of the Clermont Ferrand tramway.
File:Padova tram translohr.JPG
A Translohr vehicle in Padua.

Translohr is the name of a rubber-tyred tramway technology, originally developed by Lohr Industrie of France and now run by a consortium of Alstom Transport and Fonds stratégique d'investissement (FSI) as newTL,[1] which took over from Lohr in 2012. It is used in Paris and Clermont-Ferrand, France; Medellín, Colombia; and Venice-Mestre and Padua in Italy.[2] In June 2012, Alstom Group and the Strategic Investment Fund acquired Translohr for €35 million.[3]

Description

The Translohr system is more like a tram or light railway than a bus or trolleybus. Unlike other guided bus systems, including the similar but incompatible Guided Light Transit system developed by Bombardier Transportation, Translohr cars permanently follow guide rails that they cannot divert from, like traditional steel-wheeled rail vehicles.Script error: No such module "Unsubst".

The guide rail automatically guides the vehicle, with a driver who stops and starts, accelerating and braking when needed. Power is provided by overhead wires and collected with a pantograph in the same way as a tram. The vehicle carries internal battery packs for use on non-electrified sections of the route.Script error: No such module "Unsubst".

There are two main designs for the vehicles: the bi-directional STE series, and the unidirectional SP Prime series. They consist of three to six articulated sections like a conventional tram, with a length from Script error: No such module "convert". long and Script error: No such module "convert". wide. Their net weight is Script error: No such module "convert"., depending upon the number of car sections.Script error: No such module "Unsubst".

As Translohr LRVs cannot run without a guide rail they are not classified as buses. For example, those used on the Clermont-Ferrand network do not need to have license plates.Script error: No such module "Unsubst".

List of systems

Country City Image System name Opening Closure Length Number of stops Number of vehicles Vehicle type Notes
Template:Flagcountry Shanghai (Zhangjiang) Translohr in Shanghai Zhangjiang Tram 1 July 2009 31 May 2023[4] Script error: No such module "convert". 15 9 STE3
Tianjin (TEDA) Translohr in Tianjin TEDA Modern Guided Rail Tram 6 December 2006 1 June 2023[5] Script error: No such module "convert". 14 8 STE3 Also refer to trams in Tianjin.
Template:Flagcountry Medellín Translohr in Medellín Ayacucho Tram 15 October 2015[6] Script error: No such module "convert". 9 12 STE5
Template:Flagcountry Clermont-Ferrand Translohr in Clermont Ferrand Clermont-Ferrand tramway 14 October 2006 Script error: No such module "convert". 34 25 STE4
Paris Translohr on Île de France Tram line 5 Île-de-France tramway Line 5 29 July 2013 Script error: No such module "convert". T5: 16 17 STE3 Lines 5 and 6 of Île-de-France tramway Script error: No such module "convert".
Translohr on Île de France Tram line 6 Île-de-France tramway Line 6 13 December 2014 Script error: No such module "convert". T6: 21 28 STE6
Template:Flagcountry Padua Translohr in Padua Trams in Padua 24 March 2007 Script error: No such module "convert". 25 20 STE3
Venice (Mestre) Translohr in Mestre Trams in Mestre 19 December 2010 Script error: No such module "convert". T1: 23
T2: 14 		20 STE4

Criticism

The Script error: No such module "convert". Châtillon–Viroflay Line in Paris cost €27.4m per km, including infrastructure, improvements of the right-of-way, and the purchase of 28 STE6 vehicles.[7] In addition, due to the tyres constantly running over the same area of road, there is significant erosion of the roadway; this has already happened with the comparable Bombardier Guided Light Transit system, resulting in extensive repairs at significant cost to the operator. This adds to already high running costs. Providing roll ways, as used by rubber-tyred metros, embedded in the road surface might have been useful.Template:Editorialising Ride quality is also said to be poor, little better than a bus, due to the four-wheeled design, whereas trams have trucks (bogies) with shock absorbers or springs.Script error: No such module "Unsubst".

The Tianjin system suffered a derailment on 20 August 2007, three months after its inauguration.[8] There were five derailments on Padua's new installation in 2007 before its inauguration,[9] and one on 22 April 2010[10] due to a misaligned switch.[11]

Translohr vehicles in the snow in Italy.
A collage of Translohr vehicles in the snow in Padua (left) and Mestre (right).

Where snowfall is an issue this system may not be practical: since the guide rail forms the return leg of the electrical circuit, accumulation of ice and snow on the rail could cause intermittent power interruptions to the vehicle. Also, as the guide wheels support almost no weight, snow packed into the flangeways or atop the rail by road traffic may cause the wheels to lose grip and become slippery. Since the guide wheels each grip the guide rail at a 45-degree angle and thus are at 90-degree angle to each other, the risk of the guide wheels being lifted completely off the rails is minimal.Script error: No such module "Unsubst".

Critics of the system also point out that Translohr is a proprietary system subject to vendor lock-in, requiring purchase of any further vehicles from Lohr Industrie.[9][12] This may no longer be a problem after the patents expire if other manufacturers produce compatible vehicles.Script error: No such module "Unsubst".

Several lines under construction or already built were eventually abandoned or shut down due to planning changes and operational difficulties. For example, L'Aquila, which started demolition work in 2013;[13][14] Latina, which purchased new vehicles in 2016 but did not put them into operation because the infrastructure was not completed;[15][16] Shanghai Zhangjiang Tram, which was demolished shortly after it stopped running on 1 June 2023;[17][18] and the TEDA Modern Guided Rail Tram shut down the next day on 1 June 2023, and was to be demolished.[19][20]

See also

<templatestyles src="Div col/styles.css"/>

Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".

References

<templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />

  1. ↑ newTL
  2. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  3. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  4. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  5. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  6. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  7. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  8. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  9. ↑ a b Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  10. ↑ TGPadova.it - tram derails, chaos on board, no casualties (in Italian)
  11. ↑ tram derailed, travel by bus - il mattino di Padova dal 2003.it (in Italian)
  12. ↑ Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".
  13. ↑ L'Aquila, o si fa la metro o si muore | Facoltà di notizia Template:Webarchive
  14. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  15. ↑ Comune di Latina Template:Webarchive
  16. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  17. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  18. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  19. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  20. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".

Further reading

  • Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

External links

Template:Authority control

Retrieved from "http://debianws.lexgopc.com/wiki143/index.php?title=Translohr&oldid=2830859"