Trams in Helsinki

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File:Helsinki tram network tram 2015 jan 4.webm
A tram running on the Helsinki tram network, 2015

Trams in Helsinki form part of the public transport system organised by Helsinki Regional Transport Authority and operated by Metropolitan Area Transport Ltd (Template:Langx, Template:Langx) in Finland's capital city of Helsinki. The trams are the main means of transport in the city center, and 56.8 million trips were made on the system in 2019.[1][2] In addition to the older tram network, there is a single light rail line that was opened in October 2023. Although technically compatible with the tram network, the light rail line is separate from the city center tram network.[3]

History

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Current system

Lines

File:Two light rail trams on line 15 in Keilaniemi.jpg
Light rail line 15 connects Keilaniemi in Espoo and Itäkeskus in Helsinki.

Template:As of, the network consists of 11 individually numbered city center tram lines and one numbered light rail line. Lines 1 and 8 operate on a slightly different route during weekends when they go to the West Harbour terminal, indicated with a "T" suffix on the line number. Lines 3N and 9N are operated on a slightly modified line 3 and 9 route respectively during night time.[4][5] The light rail line 15 is currently the only tram line in Helsinki to also reach the neighbouring city of Espoo, all other lines travel inside Helsinki only.

Helsinki tram lines Template:As of
Line Type From Via To Maps
style="background:#Template:Rail color;" rowspan=2 | 1Template:Efn City center Eira Lasipalatsi, Töölö, Sörnäinen Käpylä Template:Helsinki tram line 1
1TTemplate:Efn West Harbour
style="background:#Template:Rail color;" | 2Template:Efn City center Olympia Terminal Market Square, Central Railway Station, Kamppi, Töölö Pasila Template:Helsinki tram line 2
style="background:#Template:Rail color;" rowspan="2" | 3Template:Efn City center Olympia Terminal Eira, Central Railway Station, Hakaniemi Pikku Huopalahti Template:Helsinki tram line 3
3NTemplate:Efn Meilahti
style="background:#Template:Rail color;" | 4 City center Katajanokka Alppila Munkkiniemi Template:Helsinki tram line 4
style="background:#Template:Rail color;" | 5Template:Efn City center Katajanokka ferry terminal Central Railway Station Template:Helsinki tram line 5
style="background:#Template:Rail color;" | 6 City center Eiranranta Central Station, Sörnäinen Arabia Template:Helsinki tram line 6
style="background:#Template:Rail color;" | 7Template:Efn City center West Harbour Central Railway Station, Kruununhaka, Sörnäinen, Pasila Meilahti Hospital Template:Helsinki tram line 7
8Template:Efn City center Jätkäsaari Ruoholahti, Töölö, Sörnäinen Arabia Template:Helsinki tram line 8
8TTemplate:Efn West Harbour
style="background:#Template:Rail color;" rowspan=2 | 9Template:Efn City center West Harbour Kamppi, Central Railway Station, Kallio, Pasila Ilmala Template:Helsinki tram line 9
9NTemplate:Efn Jätkäsaari
style="background:#Template:Rail color;" | 10 City center Kirurgi Lasipalatsi Vallila Template:Helsinki tram line 10
style="background:#Template:Rail color;" | 13 City center Nihti Kalasatama, Pasila West Pasila Template:Helsinki tram line 13
15 Light rail Keilaniemi Otaniemi, Laajalahti, Leppävaara, Huopalahti, Oulunkylä, Viikki Itäkeskus Template:Helsinki tram line 15

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In addition, the SpåraKoff pub tram has operated during the summer months since 1995.[6]

Network

The tram network is built almost exclusively on the streets of Helsinki, making it a traditional tram system rather than light rail. The track gauge is one metre. The network consists almost entirely of double track rail. In some parts the tracks are separated from other road traffic; elsewhere they share road space with cars and buses.

The trams are powered with electricity conveyed by 600 V DC overhead wires, although the voltage is planned to be raised to 750 V in 2025.[7] Trams have their own traffic lights, distinguished from normal lights in that they are based on symbols of single colour: an upward-pointing arrow signifies "go", a horizontal line "prepare to go/stop" and the letter S "stop". The traffic lights are synchronised to allow tram and bus traffic to flow relatively smoothly. This system is called HeLMi (Helsinki Public Transport Signal Priority and Passenger Information).[8] Line 15 uses a different system based on inductive loops and requests from the trams themselves. Line 15's traffic lights also have a fourth aspect: a circle above the letter S, which signifies that the traffic light has acknowledged receipt of a request for the tram. On the inner-city network, a small flashing LED is provided with the S aspect.

Rolling stock

File:Tram in Helsinki.JPEG
Nr I tram on line 7A.
File:Helsinki tram 20170130.jpg
MLNRV I tram on line 4.
File:SpåraKoff, Rautatientori, 2019 (02).jpg
SpåraKoff, the so-called "pub tram", departing from Helsinki Railway Square

Template:As of, HKL has 122 tram units in scheduled passenger service. Additionally, there are trams in reserve and in charter use. The MLNRV I and II series (rebuilt Valmet Nr I and Valmet Nr II units) and Škoda Artic series comprise the city center fleet, and the light rail line 15 uses bidirectional Škoda Artic X54 units.

In 2006–2011, all Valmet Nr II (at that point known as NRV II) vehicles underwent a major modification process in which a Template:Convert low-floor midsection was added to the tram. The type designation was changed to MLNRV II to reflect the modifications made, and the longer trams were re-introduced in traffic gradually as the modification works were completed. During the process, HKL also rebuilt ten of the older Nr I trams (at that point known as NRV II) in the same way, which brought the total number of MLNRV trams to 52 upon completion in mid-2014.

The fully low-floor Variotram units, acquired in 1998–2003 from Adtranz (later Bombardier) and built by Transtech Oy in Otanmäki, proved to be unreliable, causing a shortage of operable trams. Starting in 2004, HKL purchased ten Duewag series second-hand trams from Mannheim in Germany to cover for the shortage.[9] Eventually arrangements were made with Bombardier to keep a sufficient number of the units in operation. All of the Duewag units were either withdrawn or relegated to charter service by the end of 2014. All Variotrams were taken out of use in 2018 because of the problems.[10][11]

Beginning in 2013, HKL acquired 72 new Artic trams. They have a double-articulated, eight-axle design, are Template:Convert long and have 74 fixed seats, 14 foldable seats and space for 75 standing passengers.[12] The design has a 100% low floor and conventional, turning bogies designed to run without problems on Helsinki's challenging old-fashioned track network.[13] Two prototype units were delivered in 2013, and each entered passenger service approximately two months after delivery. The first unit of the production series (out of 70), no. 403, arrived in Helsinki in January 2016. In 2018 both prototype units were sold to Schöneiche bei Berlin tramway.[14]

Helsinki City Transport, the predecessor of Metropolitan Area Transport, has ordered 29 Artic X54 units for line 15, of which 15 are in service,Template:As of? and 23 for the Crown Bridges light rail lines. The first prototype unit arrived in Helsinki in April 2021.[15][16]

Metropolitan Area Transport announced a tender in October 2023 to acquire new rolling stock to replace the aging MLNRV fleet and to support new services such as the Vantaa light rail. The procurement includes 30 unidirectional and 33 bi-directional units and is estimated to be valued at €1.6 billion.[17]

Rolling stock Template:As of[18]
Model Type No. of units Car # Built Acquired Modified Seats Standees L W H
MLNRV I (Valmet Nr I) City center 10 113–122 1973–75 1973–75 1993–2003, 2005, 2012–14 49 120 26.5 2.3 3.7
MLNRV II (Valmet Nr II) City center 42 71–112 1983–87 1983–87 1996–2006, 2008–12 49 120 26.5 2.3 3.7
Škoda Transtech Artic City center 70 403–472 2012–2019 2013–2019 88 125 27.6 2.4 3.8
Škoda Transtech Artic X54 Light rail 20 (32 more total on order) 601-652 2019– 2021– 78+4 136 34.0 2.4 3.8
Totals 122 8,708 14,990
Former rolling stock
Tram type No. of units Car # Built Acquired Modified Seats Standees L W H
HRO A9 1 1Template:Efn-ua 1917 2007 2007 28 0 11.5 2.2
HRO A7 1 135 1928 1928 1988 21 26 10.2 2.1 3.7
HRO A4 1 157 1930 1930 1987 21 26 10.2 2.1 3.7
Karia HM IV 1 320 1955 1955 1985 29 69 13.5 2.3 3.6
Valmet RM 1 2 332, 339Template:Efn-ua 1955 1955 1987, 2003–04 29 69 13.5 2.3 3.6
Karia HM V 6 9–14, 175Template:Efn-ua 1959 1959 2004–07 31 57 13.5 2.3 3.6
Duewag GT8N 1 166 1962, 1964 2007–08 1991–92 55 120 25.7 2.2 3.8
Duewag GT8 1 150 1967 2004 1970, 2004 64 140 25.7 2.2 3.8
NRV (Valmet Nr I) 30 31–70 1973–75 1973–75 1993–2003, 2005 39 106 20.1 2.3 3.7
MLRV Bombardier Variotram 40 201–240 1998–2003 1998–2003 55 80 24.4 2.3 3.7
Škoda Transtech Artic (Prototype) 2 401-402 2013 2013 88 125 27.6 2.4 3.8

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Depots

File:Töölö tram depot.jpg
Töölö tram depot.

Template:As of, there are several tram depots and workshops in Helsinki. The city center tram services currently use Töölö and Koskela and a maintenance facility in Vallila. A new depot for 100 trams and 200 buses is being built in Ruskeasuo and the new depot, combined with a rebuild of the aging Koskela depot, is planned to eventually fully replace the Töölö and Vallila facilities.[19][20][21][22]

Line 15 (Jokeri light rail) has a separate depot in Roihupelto.[23] The Crown Bridges light rail lines will have as separate depot constructed in Yliskylä, originally due to be completed in 2026.[24][25]

Planned extension of the network

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See also

References

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Bibliography

Miscellaneous Template:Refbegin

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External links

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Template:Public transport in Helsinki Template:Tram systems in Finland Template:Portalbar

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  8. ↑ Helsinki Urban Traffic Control Centre
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