Trachiniformes
Template:Short description Template:Automatic taxobox
Trachiniformes is an order of percomorph bony fish,[1] whose contents are traditionally placed in suborder Trachinoidei of Perciformes.[2]
However, Trachiniformes is recovered as polyphyletic in recent large scale molecular phylogenetic studies. Trachinidae itself is recovered as part of Percoidei, while other families respectively belong to Scombriformes, Gobiiformes, new orders Uranoscopiformes and Pempheriformes, and other clades in Perciformes.[3]
Timeline of genera
<timeline> ImageSize = width:1000px height:auto barincrement:15px PlotArea = left:10px bottom:50px top:10px right:10px
Period = from:-65.5 till:10 TimeAxis = orientation:horizontal ScaleMajor = unit:year increment:5 start:-65.5 ScaleMinor = unit:year increment:1 start:-65.5 TimeAxis = orientation:hor AlignBars = justify
Colors =
#legends id:CAR value:claret id:ANK value:rgb(0.4,0.3,0.196) id:HER value:teal id:HAD value:green id:OMN value:blue id:black value:black id:white value:white id:cenozoic value:rgb(0.54,0.54,0.258) id:paleogene value:rgb(0.99,0.6,0.32) id:paleocene value:rgb(0.99,0.65,0.37) id:eocene value:rgb(0.99,0.71,0.42) id:oligocene value:rgb(0.99,0.75,0.48) id:neogene value:rgb(0.999999,0.9,0.1) id:miocene value:rgb(0.999999,0.999999,0) id:pliocene value:rgb(0.97,0.98,0.68) id:quaternary value:rgb(0.98,0.98,0.5) id:pleistocene value:rgb(0.999999,0.95,0.68) id:holocene value:rgb(0.999,0.95,0.88)
BarData=
bar:eratop bar:space bar:periodtop bar:space bar:NAM1 bar:NAM2 bar:NAM3 bar:NAM4 bar:NAM5 bar:NAM6 bar:NAM7 bar:NAM8 bar:NAM9
bar:space bar:period bar:space bar:era
PlotData=
align:center textcolor:black fontsize:M mark:(line,black) width:25 shift:(7,-4) bar:periodtop from: -65.5 till: -55.8 color:paleocene text:Paleocene from: -55.8 till: -33.9 color:eocene text:Eocene from: -33.9 till: -23.03 color:oligocene text:Oligocene from: -23.03 till: -5.332 color:miocene text:Miocene from: -5.332 till: -2.588 color:pliocene text:Plio. from: -2.588 till: -0.0117 color:pleistocene text:Pleist. from: -0.0117 till: 0 color:holocene text:H.
bar:eratop from: -65.5 till: -23.03 color:paleogene text:Paleogene from: -23.03 till: -2.588 color:neogene text:Neogene from: -2.588 till: 0 color:quaternary text:Q.
PlotData=
align:left fontsize:M mark:(line,white) width:5 anchor:till align:left
color:eocene bar:NAM1 from: -55.8 till: 0 text: Ammodytes color:eocene bar:NAM2 from: -55.8 till: 0 text: Trachinus color:eocene bar:NAM3 from: -55.8 till: 0 text: Uranoscopus color:eocene bar:NAM4 from: -37.2 till: 0 text: Bembrops color:oligocene bar:NAM5 from: -33.9 till: 0 text: Hemerocoetes color:oligocene bar:NAM6 from: -33.9 till: 0 text: Parapercis color:oligocene bar:NAM7 from: -33.9 till: 0 text: Pseudoscopelus color:oligocene bar:NAM8 from: -28.4 till: 0 text: Leptoscopus color:miocene bar:NAM9 from: -15.97 till: 0 text: Hyperoplus
PlotData=
align:center textcolor:black fontsize:M mark:(line,black) width:25
bar:period from: -65.5 till: -55.8 color:paleocene text:Paleocene from: -55.8 till: -33.9 color:eocene text:Eocene from: -33.9 till: -23.03 color:oligocene text:Oligocene from: -23.03 till: -5.332 color:miocene text:Miocene from: -5.332 till: -2.588 color:pliocene text:Plio. from: -2.588 till: -0.0117 color:pleistocene text:Pleist. from: -0.0117 till: 0 color:holocene text:H.
bar:era from: -65.5 till: -23.03 color:paleogene text:Paleogene from: -23.03 till: -2.588 color:neogene text:Neogene from: -2.588 till: 0 color:quaternary text:Q.
</timeline>
Families
The following families make up the Trachiniformes:[1] (with respectively belonging taxa following the molecular phylogenies)Template:R
- Ammodytidae Bonaparte, 1832 - sandeels or sandlances (considered as part of Uranoscopiformes).
- †Callipterygidae Jordan, 1905 (fossil; Eocene of Italy)[4]
- Chiasmodontidae Jordan & Gilbert, 1883 - the swallowers (considered as part of Scombriformes).
- Champsodontidae Jordan & Snyder, 1902 - gulpers, gapers or crocodile toothfishes (considered as part of Pempheriformes).
- Cheimarrichthyidae Regan, 1913 - New Zealand torrentfishes (considered as part of Uranoscopiformes).
- Creediidae Waite, 1899 - sandburrowers (considered as part of Pempheriformes).
- Leptoscopidae Gill, 1859 - southern sandfishes (considered as part of Pempheriformes).
- Percophidae Swainson, 1839 - duckbills (as a polyphyly, respectively part of Pempheriformes and Perciformes (Notothenioidei and Bembropoidei)).
- Pinguipedidae Günther, 1860 - sandperches (considered as part of Uranoscopiformes).
- Trachinidae Rafinesque, 181 - weeverfishes (considered as part of Percoidei, belong to Perciformes).
- Trichodontidae Bleeker, 1859 - sandfish (considered as a part of Cottoidei, belong to Scorpaeniformes).
- Trichonotidae Günther, 1861 - sanddivers (considered to form the monotypic Trichonotoidei, belong to Gobiiformes).
- Uranoscopidae Bonaparte, 1831 - stargazers (considered as part of Uranoscopiformes).
References
<templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />
Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
- Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".