Totsukawa
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Script error: No such module "Nihongo". is a geographically large village in the Yoshino District of Nara, Japan.[1] since 1 January 2025[update]Template:Dated maintenance category (articles)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters"., the village had an estimated population of 1,322 and a population density of 4.0 persons per km2.[2] The total area of the village is Template:Cvt.[1]
Geography
Totsukawa is located in the Okuyoshino region, which is in the southern part of the Yoshino region, and has been isolated from the surrounding areas by the Kii Mountains. It is the largest village in Nara in terms of area, and the fifth largest village in Japan.[3]
Surrounding municipalities
Climate
Totsukawa has a humid subtropical climate (Köppen climate classification Cfa), which is hot and humid in the summer (above Script error: No such module "convert".) and is somewhat cold in the winter with temperatures dropping to around freezing (Script error: No such module "convert".)
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Demographics
The population of Totsukawa in 2020 was 3,061 people. Totsukawa has been conducting censuses since 1920.[4]
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History
Etymology
The name of the Totsukawa River Script error: No such module "Nihongo"., which the village is named after was originally composed of the kanji Script error: No such module "Nihongo"., meaning distant, Script error: No such module "Nihongo"., meaning harbor (or port), Script error: No such module "Nihongo"., meaning river, as the river was, and especially for the time its name is first said to appear (c. Template:TrimScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".), far away from any ports. Because the village built along the river is also distant from the capital, Script error: No such module "Nihongo"., it was given the name Script error: No such module "Nihongo"., as a play-on-words meaning village of the river distant from any ports or the capital.[5] The word used for the first kanji in the current name, Script error: No such module "Nihongo"., and the original name for the river, Script error: No such module "Nihongo"., as well as the word for capital, Script error: No such module "Nihongo"., all contain a reading of to.
End of Kamakura and Muromachi period
In 1333, Emperor Go-Daigo overthrew the Kamakura Shogunate and thus began the Kenmu Restoration. However, many samurai, including Ashikaga Takauji were dissatisfied with the new policies, and so a struggle ensued between them and the emperor. As a result of the struggle, the emperor fled to Yamato Province, which composed much of present-day Nara Prefecture and included Totsukawa within.[5][6] There he established the Southern Court. Totsukawa was deeply intertwined with the southern court, and Prince Morinaga once sought refuge there. Old documents written by the second emperor of the court, Gomurakami and Morinaga's son, Prince Okura are still kept and preserved within the village, and contain directives to the people of the village to assist the southern court. The people were said to be skilled martial artists and hunters, which is attributed to their recognition by multiple successive emperors within southern court.[5]
Edo period
In 1585, Toyotomi Hidenaga, half-brother of Toyotomi Hideyoshi was appointed governor of Yamato Province, Kii Province and Izumi Province, and made lord of Kōriyama Castle. Two years later, in 1587, Hidenaga commenced a comprehensive land survey of Totsukawa, as expected of someone in his role. Kobori Masatsugu. appointed survey commissioner, executed the survey at Hidenaga's request. Following the survey, Totsukawa was subject to mura uke seido where each village would pay taxes as a unit.[5]
Meiji Restoration to World War II
In 1869, one year after the beginning of the Meiji Restoration following the fall of the Tokugawa Shogunate, during significant changes in Japan, Totsukawa was incorporated into Nara Prefecture. In 1871, the people of the village were recognized for their service during the end of the shogunate and during the Boshin War, some were even granted the title of samurai.[5]
In 1873, the land tax law was changed, and Totsukawa became taxes as well, instituting a plethora of changes to follow.[5]
In 1889, a major flood happened in Totsukawa, causing widespread destruction. In result, many citizens moved to Hokkaido and developed a new village there. The first and then governor of Nara, Saisho Atsushi, issued a notice giving his respects and condolences, as well as informing them of disaster relief in the form of Template:JPYTemplate:NoteTag in gold from Emperor Meiji.[5][7] The residents opted to name the new settlement “Shintotsukawa”Template:NoteTag, literally “New Totsukawa".[5]
The villages of Kitatotsukawa, Totsukawa, Totsukawa Hanazono, Nakatotsukawa, Nishitotsukawa, Minamitotsukawa and Higashitotsukawa were established on April 1, 1889, with the creation of the modern municipalities system. On June 19, 1890, these villages merged to form the village of Totsukawa.
Government
Totsukawa has a mayor-council form of government with a directly elected mayor and a unicameral village council of nine members. Totsukawa, collectively with the other municipalities of Yoshino District, contributes two members to the Nara Prefectural Assembly. In terms of national politics, the village is part of the Nara 3rd district of the lower house of the Diet of Japan.
Economy
The main industries are forestry, agriculture, and the farming and processing of river fish such as sweetfish.
Education
Totsukawa has two public elementary schools and one public junior high schools operated by the village government, and one public high school operated by the Nara Prefectural Board of Education.
Transportation
Railways
Totsukawa has no passenger railway service. The nearest train station is Gojō Station on the JR West Wakayama Line.
Highways
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Sister cities
Local attractions
Tanize Suspension Bridge
The Script error: No such module "Nihongo". is a suspension bridge known for the Yuredaiko, an annual drum festival on the bridge held on August 4 of every year.[8] It is one of Japan's longest steel-wire suspension bridges, and is located in the Tanize/Uenoji area in northern Totsukawa. It was built in 1954 and is Template:Cvt high and Template:Cvt long. Each family in the village donated Template:JPY towards the construction. The money collected from the villagers totaled approximately Template:JPYTemplate:NoteTag in donations.[9]
Yaen gondolas
There are gondolas called Template:Ill in Totsukawa village. Yaen are small gondolas hung from ropes above a river and move from shore to shore of the river, moving forward by pulling on a rope inside of the gondola. The name yaen comes from the Japanese word for wild monkey, and were named as such because a person using one has the appearance of a wild monkey climbing a vine. They were historically used for transportation across the river by the villagers, as it would only take the average person around 10 minutes to move the entire route. They are no longer used as a means of transportation, and are now only used as a novelty.[10]
Sasa-no-taki waterfall
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Tamaki Shrine
Script error: No such module "Nihongo". is a Shinto shrine located at the top of Script error: No such module "Nihongo".. It was built by Emperor Sujin in 37 BC and is surrounded by several large cedar trees. Tamaki Shrine is registered as a landmark with the UNESCO World Heritage Center as one of the "Sacred Sites and Pilgrimage Routes in the Kii Mountain Range."[14][15]
Totsukawa Onsen
Script error: No such module "Nihongo". is an onsen hot spring located in the middle of Totsukawa village. Around the hot spring, there are multiple bathhouses, also known colloquially as onsen, which utilize the hot spring.[16] Script error: No such module "Nihongo". is the oldest bathhouse in the village, dating back to 1581.[17] The bathhouses pipe the water from the hot spring into their facilities without recycling, heating or prior treatment.[16]
Hatenashi mountain range
Script error: No such module "Nihongo". is about Template:Cvt in height. This mountain range is located on the boundary between Nara and Wakayama Prefecture and stretches about Template:Cvt. The place where Hatenashi mountain range meets Kohechi at Kumano-Kodo route is called Hatenashi pass. This pass is Template:Cvt high. The Kumano-Kodo pilgrimage routes are designated as a World Heritage Site.[18][19]
Notes
References
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- ↑ a b Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Cite error: Script error: No such module "Namespace detect".Script error: No such module "Namespace detect".
- ↑ a b c d e f g h Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Nussbaum, Louis-Frédéric (2005). "Yamato" in Template:Trim&pg=PA1046 Japan Encyclopedia, p. 1046, at Google Books.
- ↑ 村報とつかわ2010年7月号 - 十津川村役場（p.5を参照）
- ↑ 【謎解きクルーズ】奈良・十津川村 なぜ「東京弁」険しい峡谷 関西弁阻む 日本経済新聞サイト（2014年10月4日）
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ 十津川探検 ～十津川巡り～「野猿」 十津川かけはしネット（十津川村教育委員会
- ↑ a b 笹の滝（十津川村観光協会HP）
- ↑ 『日本の滝100選』 グリーンルネッサンス事務局/編、1991年、講談社
- ↑ 『日本の滝 (2) 西日本767滝』 北中康文/写真・文、2006年、山と渓谷社
- ↑ 玉置神社社務所及び台所（1988年〈昭和63年〉指定、重要文化財〈建造物〉）、国指定文化財等データベース（文化庁） 2010年6月5日閲覧。、pp.39,75
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ a b 十津川村観光協会
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ 「角川日本地名大辞典」編纂委員会[1992: 844]
- ↑ 宇江[2004b: 90]
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External links
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