Totok
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Totok is an Indonesian term of Javanese origin, used in Indonesia to refer to recent migrants of Arab, Chinese, or European origins.[1][2][3][4] In the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries it was popularised among colonists in Batavia, who initially coined the term to describe the foreign born and new immigrants of "pure blood" – as opposed to people of mixed indigenous and foreign descent, such as the Peranakan Arabs, Chinese or Europeans (the latter being better known as the Indo people).[3][5][4]
When more pure-blooded Arabs, Chinese and Dutchmen were born in the East Indies, the term gained significance in describing those of exclusive or almost exclusive foreign ancestry.[1][3][4]
'Peranakan' is the antonym of 'Totok', the former meaning simply 'descendants' (of mixed roots), and the latter meaning 'pure'.[4][6]
Chinese were divided into Thanh people (like Totok) and Minh Huong (mixed Chinese Vietnamese like Peranakan) in 1829 by Emperor Minh Mang of the Nguyen dynasty.[7]
Notable Dutch Totoks and descendants
- Template:Interlanguage link multi (Semarang, Java, 1922), founder of the North Sea Jazz festival
- Albert Alberts (1911–1995), award winning author, journalist
- Beb Bakhuys (1909–1982), football player and manager
- Ben Bot (born in Batavia) (b. 1937), minister
- Hans van den Broek (b. 1936), minister
- Jeroen Brouwers (1940-2022), author
- Conrad Busken Huet (1826–1886), newspaper editor on Java (1868–1876)
- Louis Couperus (1863–1923), childhood in Batavia, Java (1871–1877), author of The Hidden Force (1900)
- P. A. Daum (1850–1898), newspaperman, author
- Johan Fabricius (1899–1981), author of De Scheepsjongens van Bontekoe (1923)
- Anthony Fokker (Blitar, Java, 1890–1939), aviation pioneer
- Hella Haasse (Batavia, Java, 1918–2011), award winning author
- Erik Hazelhoff Roelfzema (Surabaya, Java, 1917–2007), decorated World War II hero
- W. R. van Hoëvell (1812–1879), church minister of Batavia, political activist (1838–1848)
- Xaviera Hollander (b. 1943), author
- Rudy Kousbroek (1929–2010), author
- Liesbeth List (b. 1941), singer
- Multatuli (1820–1887), resident on Ambon and Java (1838–1858), iconic author
- Template:Interlanguage link multi, artist, singer
- Willem Oltmans (1925–2004), journalist, author
- Helga Ruebsamen (1934–2016), author
- F. Springer (1932–2011), author
- Bram van der Stok (Plaju, Sumatra, 1915–1993), decorated World War II hero
- Madelon Szekely-Lulofs (Surabaya, 1899–1958) author of Rubber(1931)[8] and Koelie (1931)[9]
- Peter Tazelaar (Bukittingi, Sumatra, 1922–1993), decorated World War II hero
- Edgar Vos (Makassar, 1931-2010), fashion designer
- Margaretha Geertruida Zelle (1876–1917), known as Mata Hari, exotic dancer, spy
See also
- Afrikaner
- Ang mo
- Barang
- Bule (term)
- Farang
- Indo people
- Indos in colonial history
- Indos in pre-colonial history
- Mat Salleh
References
Citations
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- ↑ a b Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Charles A. Coppel, "Diaspora and hybridity: Peranakan Chinese culture in Indonesia", in Routledge Handbook of the Chinese Diaspora, edited by Chee-Beng Tan, pp. 346-347
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- ↑ a b c d Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Willems, Wim "Tjalie Robinson; Biografie van een Indo-schrijver" Chapter: Een Totok als vader (Publisher: Bert Bakker, 2008) p. 45 Template:ISBN.
- ↑ Tan, Mely G. (2008) (in English and Indonesian), Etnis Tionghoa di Indonesia: Kumpulan Tulisan [Ethnic Chinese in Indonesia: Collected Writings] (Jakarta: Yayasan Obor Indonesia, 2008) Template:ISBN p. 1
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Rubber by Madelon Szekely-Lulofs on DBNL website.
- ↑ Koelie by Madelon Szekely-Lulofs on DBNL website.
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Bibliography
- Bosman, Ulbe and Raben, Remco. De oude Indische wereld 1500–1920. (Bert Bakker, Amsterdam 2003) Template:ISBN Template:In lang
- Sastrowardoyo, Subagio Sastra Hindia Belanda dan kita (Publisher: PT Balai Pustaka, Jakarta, 1990) p. 21 Template:ISBN Template:In lang
- Taylor, Jean Gelman. The Social World of Batavia: European and Eurasian in Dutch Asia (Madison: The University of Wisconsin Press, 1983). Template:ISBN
- Taylor, Jean Gelman. Indonesia: Peoples and Histories (New Haven: Yale University Press, 2003). Template:ISBN
External links
- Totok Hall of Fame website. Retrieved 13 Mar 2012.
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