Tokonoma
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A Script error: No such module "Nihongo".,[1] or simply Script error: No such module "Nihongo".,[2][3] is a recessed space in a Japanese-style reception room, in which items for artistic appreciation are displayed. In English, a Script error: No such module "lang". could be called an alcove.
History
There are two theories about the predecessor of Script error: No such module "lang".: the first is that it derives from the room structure of the Script error: No such module "lang"., which flourished in the Heian period (794–1185) and declined in the Muromachi period (1336–1573); the second is that it derives from the room structure of Zen monasteries in the Kamakura period (1185–1333). In the room of the monastery, there was a board called Script error: No such module "Nihongo". which displayed Buddhist altar fittings such as candlesticks, incense burners and vases. On the wall behind Script error: No such module "lang". was a hanging scroll with a Buddhist theme. The second theory is that the Script error: No such module "lang". and the back wall developed into a Script error: No such module "lang".-style Script error: No such module "lang". in the Muromachi period.[4][5]
In Script error: No such module "lang"., an architectural style developed in the Muromachi period, Script error: No such module "lang". came to be used as room decoration, and the owner of the house sat in front of Script error: No such module "lang". decorated with various things to meet guests. However, in the case of important guests, the householder, in deference to them, had them sit in front of the Script error: No such module "lang"..[6]
Characteristics
The items typically displayed in a Script error: No such module "lang". are calligraphic or pictorial scrolls and an Script error: No such module "lang". flower arrangement. Bonsai and Script error: No such module "lang". are also common—although traditionally, bonsai were not considered worthy for a place of such respect. The Script error: No such module "lang". and its contents are essential elements of traditional Japanese interior decoration. The kanji Script error: No such module "lang". (床) literally means "floor" or "bed"; Script error: No such module "lang". (間) means "space" or "room".
When seating guests in a Japanese-style room, the correct etiquette is to seat the most important guest closest to the Script error: No such module "lang". as this is in the location furthest from the entrance, a location called the Script error: No such module "lang"..[7] Stepping within it is strictly forbidden, except to change the display, when a strict etiquette must be followed.[8]
The pillar on one side of the Script error: No such module "lang"., called Script error: No such module "Nihongo"., is usually made of wood, specially prepared for the purpose. It can range from a seemingly raw trunk with bark still attached, to a square piece of heart wood with very straight grain. The choice of Script error: No such module "lang". determines the level of formality for the Script error: No such module "lang"..
American architect Frank Lloyd Wright was influenced by Japanese architecture. He translated the meaning of the Script error: No such module "lang". into its Western counterpart: the fireplace.[9] This gesture became more of a ceremonial core in his architecture.
See also
References
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- ↑ Kenkyusha's New Japanese-English Dictionary, Kenkyusha Limited, Template:ISBN
- ↑ Kōjien Japanese dictionary, entry for tokonoma.
- ↑ Genshoku Chadō Daijiten Japanese encyclopedia of Chanoyu. Iguchi Kaisen, et al., supv. eds. (Kyoto: Tankosha, 1986 10th ed.) entry for Toko.
- ↑ Tokonoma. Shinken press.
- ↑ Genshoku Chadō Daijiten Japanese encyclopedia of Chanoyu, entry for Toko
- ↑ Tokonoma. Kotobank
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".Script error: No such module "Unsubst".
- ↑ Nute, Kevin (1993). Frank Lloyd Wright and Japan. London: Chapman & Hall. p. 61
Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
Further reading
- Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".