The word Script error: No such module "Lang". comes from the Portuguese word for theatre, Script error: No such module "Lang".. Earlier variations of the word were Script error: No such module "Lang"., Script error: No such module "Lang"., and Script error: No such module "Lang"..[1]
History
Prior to the emergence of Script error: No such module "lang"., entertainment in Konkani mainly revolved around Script error: No such module "lang". and Script error: No such module "lang"., each of which had a distinct style. While the Script error: No such module "lang". was more lyrical, the Script error: No such module "lang". featured dialogues. While the former was more popular in Bardez; the latter was more entrenched in Salcete.
Lucasinho Ribeiro who was from Assagao, was seeking employment in Bombay. Passionate about the performing arts, he was highly impressed with the stylised Italian operas performed there. He took up a job for an Italian opera troupe which was touring Indian cities at the time, staging an opera called Italian Boy. When the troupe left India, Lucasinho Ribeiro bought the costumes used in the play with the intention of staging a Konkani play on the style of the Italian Opera. His collaborators in the effort were Caetaninho Fernandes of Taleigao and João Agostinho Fernandes of Borda, Margao.
On Easter Sunday, 17 April 1892, the first-ever Script error: No such module "lang". performance, Italian Bhurgo, adapted from the Italian play, was staged at the New Alfred Theatre, Bombay.[2] This day is celebrated as Script error: No such module "lang". (Tiatr Day). Hence, the Goan art form of Script error: No such module "lang". was the product of the meeting of Goan culture and the opera of Italy. Since there were many different scenes in this Script error: No such module "lang". and it required different stage sets, they thought of dropping the curtain and performing songs and dances in front of it. This was needed to entertain the audience while the stage setting was being done behind the curtain. These songs and dances did not have any relevance to the theme of the play.
The first original Script error: No such module "lang". script was written and directed by João Agostinho Fernandes in 1895 in Bombay and was titled Belle de Cavel or Sundori Cavelchi. For all his consistent devotion and encouragement over fifty years, Fernandes was conferred the title Pai Tiatrist (Father Tiatrist).[3]Regina Fernandes, wife of the playwright João Agostinho Fernandes, became the first female Script error: No such module "lang". actor in Script error: No such module "lang". on 22 November 1904. Divorce, a Script error: No such module "lang". written and directed by Airistides Dias, was the first Script error: No such module "lang". to complete 100 performances on 5 October 1980.
However, as time passed, the standard of Script error: No such module "lang". as well as Khell deteriorated in quality with the introduction of elements of vulgarity. Educated people stopped patronising the Script error: No such module "lang". as well as the Script error: No such module "lang".. While Script error: No such module "lang". was growing in popularity, its original forms – the Script error: No such module "lang". and the Script error: No such module "lang". – were slowly fading away; the Script error: No such module "lang". completely stopped being performed while the Script error: No such module "lang". continued.
In 1956 the Script error: No such module "lang". underwent a dramatic change. Given its state at that time, Antonio Moraes thought it fit to take the Script error: No such module "lang". from the street performance to a stage performance. Helped by his friend and colleague Antonio Marian, the khell was performed on a stage for the first time with a backdrop and other paraphernalia associated with theatre. The first Script error: No such module "lang"., Script error: No such module "lang"., written and directed by Antonio Moraes, was staged on the third day of Carnival of March 1956. However, this form became very popular only in the 1970s when Rosario Rodrigues coined the term Script error: No such module "lang". and came up with extremely successful shows. Thus, the ground-based plays known as Script error: No such module "lang". evolved onto the stage and further into 'non-stop dramas'. They have now generally dropped this label and are generally referred to as Script error: No such module "lang"..
Script error: No such module "lang". contributed to keeping the Konkani language alive during Portuguese colonial rule, when Konkani was suppressed. Script error: No such module "lang". played a major role in the struggle to make Konkani the official language of Goa.
In 2007, the Government of Goa started the Tiatr Academy of Goa to facilitate the development of Script error: No such module "lang".. In 2008 legislation was approved granting 15 lakh (Template:Lakh) rupees to the newly formed Tiatr Academy of Goa.[2][4]
Description
Tiatr today focuses on social, religious, and political themes, serving as a reflection of Goan culture. The drama is divided into six or seven acts, known as pordhe, which are interspersed with songs. These songs aren’t always directly connected to the plot or issues of the main drama, and usually, two or three songs are performed between each act.
Tiatrists have always demonstrated a very high degree of social awareness.Script error: No such module "Unsubst". Most of the themes of Script error: No such module "lang". are concerned with social problems confronting the people. Despite centuries of Portuguese suppression and post-liberation neglect from the state governments, Script error: No such module "lang". as an art form has not just survived but thrived and reinvented itself in many ways. Script error: No such module "Unsubst".
Script error: No such module "lang". as a dramatic form has been traditionally dominated and patronised by the Christian community, but over the years several young Hindu artists have been performing in the Script error: No such module "lang"., which are also seen by people from the Hindu community.[1]
Songs
Songs integral to the plays are known as Script error: No such module "lang"..[1] Other songs, called Script error: No such module "lang"., are generally either comedic or based on topical, political and controversial issues that are interspersed through the performance. These musical interludes are independent of the main theme of the play. The songs are often satirical and unsparing of the politics and politicians of Goa. The music is provided by a live band including keyboard, trumpet, saxophone, bass guitar and drums.Script error: No such module "Unsubst".
Khell Tiatr
A variant of tiatr, called khell tiatr, is performed exclusively during the festivals of Carnival, Intruz, and Easter. Unlike the traditional Konkani tiatr, khell tiatr integrates its songs into the main drama, ensuring that the content of the songs does not deviate from the story.
Modern-day tiatr
Besides the regular commercial shows, Script error: No such module "lang". are held as part of the celebrations of nearly every church and chapel feast in the state. The Goa Kala Academy organises a state-level Script error: No such module "lang". competition every year while the Tiatr Academy organises a popular Script error: No such module "lang". competition for dramas which has exceeded 25 performances. Script error: No such module "lang". songs and performances are recorded and sold on CD and DVD in Goan and Middle Eastern markets.Script error: No such module "Unsubst". Although efforts have been made to preserve the art form as a tradition of Goa, there have been calls for greater recognition of Mumbai-based tiatrists.[5][6]
List of tiatrists
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Some of these names are from an article on the GoaWorld.com website.[7]
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