Thorius
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Thorius, also known as minute salamanders,[1] pigmy salamanders, or Mexican pigmy salamanders, is a genus of salamanders in the family Plethodontidae. They are endemic to Mexico and found in southern Veracruz and Puebla to Guerrero and Oaxaca.[2]
Thorius is the most species-rich tropical salamander genus relative to its distribution area (Bolitoglossa and Pseudoeurycea have many more species but also much wider distribution areas). It is not uncommon for two or even three species to occur in the same place. In such cases, species have diverged in terms of body size and dentition, apparently facilitating niche differentiation.[3]
The members of this genus are characterized by a small body — some species are less than Script error: No such module "convert". in snout–vent length (tail roughly doubles the total body length). Their extreme miniaturization is accompanied by determinate growth and skeletal reduction. Their skeleton also shows unique features, such as ossifications of many elements that remain cartilaginous in other salamanders. Consequently, they are easy to distinguish from other salamanders. In contrast, they tend to be similar in appearance, making it difficult to distinguish species.[3] However, molecular genetic methods have greatly facilitated identification of new species.[1]
Species
As of November 15, 2016, this genus is composed of the following 29 species:[2][4][5]
| Binomial Name and Author | Common Name |
|---|---|
| Thorius adelos (Papenfuss and Wake, 1987)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". |
Sierra Juarez salamander |
| Thorius arboreus Hanken & Wake, 1994Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". |
Arboreal minute salamander |
| Thorius aureus Hanken & Wake, 1994Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". |
Golden minute salamander |
| Thorius boreas Hanken & Wake, 1994Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". |
Northern minute salamander |
| Thorius dubitus Taylor, 1941Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". |
Acultzingo minute salamander |
| Thorius grandis Hanken, Wake & Freeman, 1999Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". |
Grand minute salamander |
| Thorius hankeni Campbell, Brodie, Flores-Villela, and Smith, 2014Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". |
Hanken's minute salamander |
| Thorius infernalis Hanken, Wake & Freeman, 1999Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". |
Atoyac minute salamander |
| Thorius insperatus Hanken & Wake, 1994 Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". |
Vista Hermosa minute salamander |
| Thorius lunaris Hanken & Wake, 1998Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". |
Orizaba minute salamander |
| Thorius macdougalli Taylor, 1949Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". |
MacDougall's minute salamanders |
| Thorius magnipes Hanken & Wake, 1998Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". |
Big-footed minute salamander |
| Thorius maxillabrochus Gehlbach, 1959Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". |
Zoquitlan pigmy salamander |
| Thorius minutissimus Taylor, 1949Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". |
Oaxacan minute salamander |
| Thorius minydemus Hanken & Wake, 1998Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". |
La Hoya minute salamander |
| Thorius munificus Hanken & Wake, 1998Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". |
McDiarmid minute salamander |
| Thorius narismagnus Shannon & Werler, 1955Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". |
San Martin minute salamander |
| Thorius narisovalis Taylor, 1940Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". |
Upper Cerro minute salamander |
| Thorius omiltemi Hanken, Wake & Freeman, 1999Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". |
Omiltemi minute salamander |
| Thorius papaloae Hanken & Wake, 2001Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". |
Papalo minute salamander |
| Thorius pennatulus Cope, 1869Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". |
Veracruz minute salamander |
| Thorius pulmonaris Taylor, 1940Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". |
Lower Cerro minute salamander |
| Thorius schmidti Gehlbach, 1959Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". |
Schmidt's minute salamander |
| Thorius smithi Hanken & Wake, 1994Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". |
Smith's minute salamander |
| Thorius spilogaster Hanken & Wake, 1998Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". |
Spotted minute salamander |
| Thorius troglodytes Taylor, 1941Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". |
Taylor's minute salamander |
| Thorius pinicola Parra-Olea et al., 2016Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". |
Pine-dwelling minute salamander |
| Thorius longicaudus Parra-Olea et al., 2016Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". |
Long-tailed minute salamander |
| Thorius tlaxiacus Parra-Olea et al., 2016Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". |
Heroic minute salamander |
References
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- ↑ Phys.org PeerJ: Three new species of miniaturized tropical salamanders are already endangered; Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".
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