Thismia
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Thismia is a genus of myco-heterotrophic plants in family Burmanniaceae, known as "fairy lanterns".[1] They are native to East and Southeast Asia, New Guinea, Australia, New Zealand, and the Americas.Template:R
Description
Thismia are perennial,[2] achlorophyllous, mycoheterotrophic,[3] tuberous plants with branched or simple stems.[4] The 1–4 terminal,[4] solitary flowers[5] are erect.[2] The androecium consists of 6 stamens.[6][4] The gynoecium consists of one carpel.[5][4]
Name
The generic name Thismia refers to Thomas Smith (English microscopist, died ca. 1825). It is an anagram of his name.[2][6]
Conservation
Most Thismia species are threatened with extinction[7] and many species are only known from very few collections.[8] For instance, the IUCN conservation status of Thismia melanomitra is Vulnerable (VU),[9] Thismia malayana is categorized as Vulnerable (VU),[10] Thismia kobensis, which was previously believed to be extinct, is now categorized as Critically Endangered (CR),[11] and Thismia americana is believed to be possibly extinct.[8][12]
Ecology
The flowers of Thismia tentaculata are pollinated by fungus gnats.[13] The flowers of Thismia hongkongensis are visited by fungus gnats and scuttle flies.[14]
Cytology
The chromosome count of Thismia huangii is 2n = 18.[15] The chromosome count of Thismia abei is 2n = 12.[16]
Taxonomy
It was published by William Griffith in 1845[17] with Thismia brunonis Griff. as the type species.[3][18]
Species
since June 2024[update]Template:Dated maintenance category (articles)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters"., Plants of the World Online recognises 108 species in this genus, as follows:Template:R Script error: No such module "Template wrapper".Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
Recently described species include:
2024
- Thismia malayana Siti-Munirah, Hardy-Adrian, Mohamad-Shafiq & Irwan-SyahScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".[10][19]
- Thismia malipoensis J. D. Ya & W. B. YuScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".[7]
- Thismia papillata Nuraliev et al.Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".[20]
- Thismia perlisensis Besi & RuseaScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".[3]
2025
- Thismia aliasii Siti-Munirah & AliasScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".[21][22]
References
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- ↑ Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".
- ↑ a b c Thismia Griffith. (n.d.). Flora of North America @ efloras.org. Retrieved December 8, 2024, from http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=1&taxon_id=132837
- ↑ a b c BESI, E. E., JABAR, Q. A. M., ABD RAHMAN, S. Y. A. M. I. L., SAAD, M. Z., AHMADNI, A. S. A., & GO, R. (2024). Thismia perlisensis (Thismiaceae), a new red-annulus Thismia species from Peninsular Malaysia. Phytotaxa, 675(1), 1-10.
- ↑ a b c d Thismia Griffith. (n.d.-b). Flora of China @ efloras.org. Retrieved December 8, 2024, from http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=2&taxon_id=132837
- ↑ a b Royal Botanic Gardens Victoria. (n.d.-d). Thismia. VicFlora Flora of Victoria. Retrieved December 8, 2024, from https://vicflora.rbg.vic.gov.au/flora/taxon/57c63c0d-3afa-424a-a2bb-f9a33b0fe033
- ↑ a b Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".
- ↑ a b Ya, J. D., Chen, H. Y., Zhang, W., Zhu, R. B., Cai, J., & Yu, W. B. (2024). Phylogenetic and biogeographical analyses of Thismia (Thismiaceae) support T. malipoensis as the eighth species in China. Willdenowia, 54(1), 47-63.
- ↑ a b Merckx, V. S., & Smets, E. F. (2014). Thismia americana, the 101st anniversary of a botanical mystery. International Journal of Plant Sciences, 175(2), 165-175.
- ↑ Espinoza, C. & Pitman, N. 2003. Thismia melanomitra. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2003: e.T43472A10806123. https://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2003.RLTS.T43472A10806123.en. Accessed on 08 December 2024.
- ↑ a b Siti-Munirah, M. Y., Hardy-Adrian, C., Mohamad-Shafiq, S., & Irwan-Syah, Z. (2024). Thismia malayana (Thismiaceae), a new mycoheterotrophic species from Peninsular Malaysia. PhytoKeys, 242, 229.
- ↑ Suetsugu, K., Yamana, K., & Okada, H. (2023). Rediscovery of the presumably extinct fairy lantern Thismia kobensis (Thismiaceae) in Hyogo Prefecture, Japan, with discussions on its taxonomy, evolutionary history, and conservation. Phytotaxa, 585(2), 102-112.
- ↑ Thismia americana N. Pfeiffer. (n.d.). Flora of North America @ efloras.org. Retrieved December 9, 2024, from http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=1&taxon_id=242101975
- ↑ Guo, X., Zhao, Z., Mar, S. S., Zhang, D., & Saunders, R. M. (2019). A symbiotic balancing act: arbuscular mycorrhizal specificity and specialist fungus gnat pollination in the mycoheterotrophic genus Thismia (Thismiaceae). Annals of Botany, 124(2), 331-342.
- ↑ Mar, S. S., & Saunders, R. M. (2015). Thismia hongkongensis (Thismiaceae): a new mycoheterotrophic species from Hong Kong, China, with observations on floral visitors and seed dispersal. PhytoKeys, (46), 21.
- ↑ Chiang, P. Y., & Hsieh, T. H. (2011). Thismia huangii (Thismiaceae), a new species from Taiwan. Taiwania, 56(2), 138-142.
- ↑ AOYAMA, M., & TSUBOTA, H. (2014). Karyotype Analysis of Japanese Burmannia (Burmanniaceae). Acta Phytotaxonomica et Geobotanica, 65(1), 37-42.
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Thismia Griff. (n.d.). The Australian National Species List (auNSL). Retrieved December 8, 2024, from https://biodiversity.org.au/nsl/services/rest/name/apni/56570
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
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