Tendril perversion
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Tendril perversion is a geometric phenomenon sometimes observed in helical structures in which the direction of the helix transitions between left-handed and right-handed.[1] [2] Such a reversal of chirality is commonly seen in helical plant tendrils and telephone handset cords.[3]
The phenomenon was known to Charles Darwin,[4] who wrote in 1865,
The term "tendril perversion" was coined by Alain Goriely and Michael Tabor in 1998 based on the word perversion found in 19th-century science literature.[5][6] "Perversion" is a transition from one chirality to another and was known to James Clerk Maxwell, who attributed it to topologist J. B. Listing.[4][7]
Tendril perversion can be viewed as an example of spontaneous symmetry breaking, in which the strained structure of the tendril adopts a configuration of minimum energy while preserving zero overall twist.[2]
Tendril perversion has been studied both experimentally and theoretically. Gerbode et al. have made experimental studies of the coiling of cucumber tendrils.[8][9] A detailed study of a simple model of the physics of tendril perversion was made by McMillen and Goriely in the early 2000s.[2] Liu et al. showed in 2014 that "the transition from a helical to a hemihelical shape, as well as the number of perversions, depends on the height to width ratio of the strip's cross-section."[3]
Generalized tendril perversions were put forward by Silva et al., to include perversions that can be intrinsically produced in elastic filaments, leading to a multiplicity of geometries and dynamical properties.[10]
See also
References
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External links
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