Temporal styloid process
Template:Short description Script error: No such module "Infobox".Template:Template otherTemplate:Main otherScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". The temporal styloid process is a slender bony process of the temporal bone extending downward and forward from the undersurface of the temporal bone[1] just below the ear.Script error: No such module "Unsubst". The styloid process gives attachments to several muscles, and ligaments.
Structure
The styloid process is a slender and pointed bony process of the temporal bone projecting anteroinferiorly from the inferior surface of the temporal bone[1] just below the ear.Script error: No such module "Unsubst". Its length normally ranges from just under 3 cm to just over 4 cm. It is usually nearly straight, but may be curved in some individuals.[1]
Its proximal (tympanohyal) part is ensheathed by the tympanic part of the temporal bone (vaginal process), whereas its distal (stylohyal) part gives attachment to several structures.[1]
Attachments
The styloid process gives attachments to several muscles, and ligaments.[1] It serves as an anchor point for several muscles associated with the tongue and larynx.Script error: No such module "Unsubst".
- stylohyoid ligamentScript error: No such module "Unsubst".
- stylomandibular ligamentScript error: No such module "Unsubst".
- styloglossus muscle (innervated by the hypoglossal nerve)Script error: No such module "Unsubst".
- stylohyoid muscle (innervated by the facial nerve)Script error: No such module "Unsubst".
- stylopharyngeus muscle (innervated by the glossopharyngeal nerve)Script error: No such module "Unsubst".
Relations
The parotid gland is situated laterally to the styloid process, the external carotid artery passes by its apex, the facial nerve crosses its base, and the attachment of the stylopharyngeus muscle separates it from the internal jugular vein medially.[1]
Development
The styloid process arises from endochondral ossification of the cartilage from the second pharyngeal arch.Script error: No such module "Unsubst".
Clinical significance
A small percentage of the population will suffer from an elongation of the styloid process and stylohyoid ligament calcification. This condition is also known as Eagle syndrome. The tissues in the throat rub on the styloid process during the act of swallowing with resulting pain along the glossopharyngeal nerve. There is also pain upon turning the head or extending the tongue. Other symptoms may include voice alteration, cough, dizziness, migraines, occipital neuralgia, pain in teeth and jaw and sinusitis or bloodshot eyes.Script error: No such module "Unsubst".
Additional images
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Animation. Temporal styloid process shown in red.
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Left temporal bone.
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Inferior surface of left temporal bone. Styloid process shown in red.
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External and middle ear, opened from the front. Right side. (Label for styloid process is bottom center.)
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Left temporal bone. Outer surface. (Styloid process visible at center bottom.)
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Articulation of the mandible. Medial aspect.
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Extrinsic muscles of the tongue. Left side.
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Dissection of the muscles of the palate from behind.
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Styloid process. Base of skull.
References
Template:Reflist Public domain This article incorporates text in the public domain from Template:Wikidatathe 20th edition of Gray's Anatomy (1918) Template:Main other
External links
- Anatomy photo:22:os-0407 at the SUNY Downstate Medical Center
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