Tarok language
Template:Short description Script error: No such module "Infobox".Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".<templatestyles src="Template:Infobox/styles-images.css" />Script error: No such module "Check for conflicting parameters".
Tarok (Template:Langx), also known as Yergama or Appa[2] is a language spoken by around 520,000[3] people primarily in the southeast of Nigeria's Plateau State, where it serves as a local lingua franca.Script error: No such module "Unsubst". Tarok is a member of the Plateau group of the Atlantic–Congo family.
Phonology
Vowels
Tarok has seven phonemic vowels, /i ɨ u ɛ ə ɔ a/. The IPA symbols are included in the table below along with the orthographic form in angular brackets.
| Front | Central | Back | |
|---|---|---|---|
| High | Template:IPA link Template:Angbr | Template:IPA link Template:Angbr | Template:IPA link Template:Angbr |
| Low-Mid | Template:IPA link Template:Angbr | Template:IPA link Template:Angbr | Template:IPA link Template:Angbr |
| Low | Template:IPA link Template:Angbr |
Consonants
Tarok has an inventory of twenty-seven phonemic consonants, shown in the table below. Allophones are provided in parentheses.
| Bilabial | Labiodental | Alveolar | Palato-Alveolar | Palatal | Velar | Labiovelar | Glottal | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Plosive / Affricate | voiceless | Template:IPA link | Template:IPA link | Template:IPA link | Template:IPA link | Template:IPA link | Template:IPA link | ||
| voiced | Template:IPA link | Template:IPA link | Template:IPA link | Template:IPA link | Template:IPA link | ||||
| Implosive | Template:IPA link | Template:IPA link | |||||||
| Fricative | voiceless | Template:IPA link | Template:IPA link | Template:IPA link | |||||
| voiced | Template:IPA link | Template:IPA link | Template:IPA link | ||||||
| Nasal | Template:IPA link | Template:IPA link | Template:IPA link | Template:IPA link | (Template:IPA link)* | ||||
| Lateral | Template:IPA link | ||||||||
| Vibrant | Template:IPA link | ||||||||
| Semivowel | Template:IPA link | Template:IPA link | |||||||
* The labiovelar nasal [ŋ͡m] occurs as an allophone of the syllabic nasal consonant before labiovelar plosives /k͡p/ and /g͡b/.[2]
Names for other languages
As the local lingua franca, the Tarok feature prominently in the local ethnic composition of southeast Plateau State. Many Tarok clans can also trace their ancestries back to Chadic-speaking peoples, pointing to a long history of Chadic peoples assimilating into Tarok society. Some Tarok names for neighbouring languages according to Longtau (2004):[5]
| Language | Classification | Tarok name |
|---|---|---|
| Ngas | West Chadic A.3 | Dúk |
| Boghom | West Chadic B.3 | Burom |
| Duguri | Jarawan | Duguri |
| Goemai | West Chadic A.3 | Lar |
| Jukun-Wase | Jukunoid | Jor |
| Kanam | West Chadic B.3 ? | (not known by Tarok) |
| Kantana | Jarawan | Kantana |
| Tel | West Chadic A.3 | Dwal |
| Pe | Tarokoid | Pe |
| Tal | West Chadic A.3 | Tal |
| Sur | Tarokoid | (not known by Tarok) |
| Yangkam | Tarokoid | Yangkam |
| Yiwom | West Chadic A.3 | Zhan |
| Zaar | West Chadic B.3 | Zhim |
Orthography
| a | a̲ | b | ɓ | c | d | ɗ | e | ǝ | f | gb |
| gh | i | j | k | kp | l | m | n | ny | ŋ | o |
| p | r | s | sh | t | u | v | w | y | z | zh |
Notes
<templatestyles src="Citation/styles.css"/>^ Variants of this name are Yergəm and Yergum.[2]
References
<templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />
Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
Script error: No such module "Side box".
Template:Languages of Nigeria Template:Platoid languages Script error: No such module "Authority control".