Taoniinae
Template:Short description Template:Automatic taxobox
Taoniinae is a subfamily containing ten genera of glass squids.
Description
Unlike Cranchiinae Pfeffer, 1912Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters"., the other subfamily within Cranchiidae Prosch, 1847Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters"., Taoniinae all lack cartilaginous strips that extend back from the funnel-mantle point of fusion. Their funnels are free laterally, and they have one to three photophores on the eyes.[1] The largest photophore is crescent-shaped for most genera, but it's triangular in Helicocranchia, a semicircle in Bathothauma, and circular in Sandalops. This is in contrast to glass squids in the subfamily Cranchiinae, which have at least four small photophores which are round or oval.[2]
In addition, males lack hectocotyli; these are arms that have evolved to specialize in the storage and transfer of spermatophores to females.[3] Taoniinae are also often larger than Cranchiinae and have darker beaks.[4] Another characteristic is that Taoniinae's caecum, is smaller than its stomach; in Cranchiinae, the caecum is larger than the stomach.[5]
Taxonomic history and synonyms
When Georg Johann Pfeffer circumscribed this subfamily in 1912, he grouped its genera into three tribes:[6]
- Taonius-like Taoniinae
- Phasmatopsis Rochebrune, 1884Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".Template:Efn
- Toxeuma Chun, 1906Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".Template:Efn
- Taonius Steenstrup, 1861Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
- Desmoteuthis Verrill, 1881Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".Template:Efn
- Megalocranchia Pfeffer, 1884Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
- Taonidium Pfeffer, 1900Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".Template:Efn
- Crystalloteuthis Chun, 1906Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".Template:Efn
- Phasmatoteuthion Pfeffer, 1912Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".Template:Efn
- Galiteuthis Joubin, 1898Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
- Corynomma Chun, 1906Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".Template:Efn
- Teuthowenia-like Taoniinae
- Teuthowenia Chun, 1910Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
- Bathothauma-like Taoniinae
- Bathothauma Chun, 1906Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
Synonyms of Taoniinae include Galiteuthinae Berry, 1912Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". and Teuthoweniinae Grimpe, 1922Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters"..[2] S. Stillman Berry's 1912 circumscription of the subfamily Galiteuthinae only consisted of its type genus Galiteuthis Joubin, 1898Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".. Like Pfeffer's Taoniinae, this was a subfamily within the family Cranchiidae Prosch, 1847Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".. This was in contrast to Louis Joubin's classification, which placed Galiteuthis in a new, distinct family: Cranchionychiae Joubin, 1898Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters"..[7][2] Georg Grimpe's 1922 circumscription of Teuthoweniinae included its type genus Teuthowenia Chun, 1910Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". as well as Hensenioteuthis Pfeffer, 1900Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".,Template:Efn Helicocranchia Massy, 1907Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters"., and Sandalops Chun, 1906Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".. He placed the genus Bathothauma Chun, 1906Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". into a new family, Bathothaumatidae Grimpe, 1922Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters"., now just treated as a junior synonym of Cranchiidae. Subsequent research did not pay much heed to Grimpe's taxonomy.[2]
Phylogeny
Below is Nancy A. Voss and Robert S. Voss's 1983 proposal for a phylogeny of the Taoniinae subfamily.[8][9]
Script error: No such module "Clade".
Genera and species
since 2017[update]Template:Dated maintenance category (articles)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters"., the World Register of Marine Species classifies the Taoniinae as containing ten genera; they classify Belonella as a synonym of Taonius following Nancy A. Voss.[10] However, Patrizia Jereb and Clyde F. E. Roper recognize Belonella as a distinct genus from Taonius, although they also note they are frequently synonymized. Jereb and Roper also note Kir Nazimovich Nesis and Takashi Okutani as teuthologists who rejected Voss's synonymization of Belonella.[5] Nesis's classification had Taonius consisting of only the single species T. pavo, and had Belonella consisting of B. belone Chun, 1906Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters"., B. borealis Nesis, 1972Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". and an undescribed species from the Antarctic.[11]
- Genus Bathothauma Chun, 1906Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
- Bathothauma lyromma Chun, 1906Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
- Genus Egea Joubin, 1933Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
- Egea inermis Joubin, 1933Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
- Genus Galiteuthis Joubin, 1898Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
- Galiteuthis armata Joubin, 1898Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters"., armed cranch squid
- Galiteuthis glacialis (Chun, 1906)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
- Galiteuthis pacifica (Robson, 1948)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
- Galiteuthis phyllura Berry, 1911Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
- Galiteuthis suhmi (Hoyle, 1886)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
- Genus Helicocranchia Massy, 1907Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
- Helicocranchia joubini (Voss, 1962)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
- Helicocranchia papillata (Voss, 1960)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
- Helicocranchia pfefferi Massy, 1907Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
- Genus Liguriella Issel, 1908Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
- Liguriella podophthalma Issel, 1908Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
- Genus Megalocranchia Pfeffer, 1884Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
- Megalocranchia fisheri (Berry, 1909)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
- Megalocranchia maxima Pfeffer, 1884Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
- Megalocranchia oceanica (Voss, 1960)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
- Genus Mesonychoteuthis Robson, 1925Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
- Mesonychoteuthis hamiltoni, colossal squid or Antarctic cranch squid
- Genus Sandalops Chun, 1906Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
- Sandalops melancholicus Chun, 1906Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters"., sandal-eyed equid
- Genus Taonius Steenstrup, 1861Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
- Taonius borealis (Nesis, 1972)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
- Taonius pavo (Lesueur, 1821)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
- Taonius belone (Chun, 1906)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
- Genus Teuthowenia Chun, 1910Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
- Teuthowenia maculata (Leach, 1817)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
- Teuthowenia megalops (Prosch, 1849)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters"., Atlantic cranch squid
- Teuthowenia pellucida (Chun, 1910)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters"., googly-eyed glass squid
Notes
References
<templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ a b c d Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".
- ↑ a b Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Template:Cite WoRMS
- ↑ Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".
Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
External links
<templatestyles src="Refbegin/styles.css" />
- Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".