TNCO ceilings
The Tar, Nicotine and Carbon monoxide ceilings (or TNCO ceilings) are the average upper limits on total aerosol residue, nicotine and carbon monoxide contents of a cigarette, as measured on a smoking machine and according to a given set of ISO standards.[1] Because these refer to machine-generated yields rather than the average smoker's intake, these values have often been decried as misleading.[2]
A growing number of countries are nevertheless using such values as upper yield limitations for the cigarettes marketed under their jurisdiction.
Africa
| Country | Tar | Nicotine | CO | As of |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| File:Flag of the Democratic Republic of the Congo.svg Democratic Republic of the Congo | 15 | 1.5 | - | 2007 07 |
| File:Flag of Egypt.svg Egypt | 15 | 2 | - | 2005 01 |
| File:Flag of Libya.svg Libya | 12 | 0.8 | - | |
| File:Flag of South Africa.svg South Africa | 12 | 1.2 | - | 2006 06 |
(All values in mg/cigarette and must be reported on packs.)
Most countries on the continent do not impose maximum values for either tar, nicotine or CO, but Burkina Faso, Benin, Cape Verde, Morocco nevertheless demand that yield values be reported on pack.
Americas
| Country | Tar | Nicotine | CO | As of |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| File:Flag of Honduras (2022-).svg Honduras | 14 | 1.1 | - | 1995 11 |
| File:Flag of Brazil.svg Brazil | 10 | 1 | 10 | 2001 12 |
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(All values in mg/cigarette and must be reported on packs.)
Whereas Ecuador prohibits the indication of TNCO yields, Canada, El Salvador, Jamaica, Mexico, Panama and Peru require these values to be indicated without mandating upper limits. Canada demands values measured both with ISO standards and Health Canada's Intensive Method, as well as the yields for formaldehyde, hydrogen cyanide and benzene.
Asia & Pacific
| Country | Tar | Nicotine | CO | As of |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| File:Flag of Brunei.svg Brunei | 15 | 1.3 | - | 2008 02 |
| File:Flag of the People's Republic of China.svg China | 11 | - | - | 2013 01 |
| File:Flag of Hong Kong.svg Hong Kong | 17 | - | - | 1999 07 |
| File:Flag of Macau.svg Macau | 20 | 1.5 | - | 1996 08 |
| File:Flag of Malaysia.svg Malaysia | 10 | 1.0 | 10 | 1993 05 |
| File:Flag of Mongolia.svg Mongolia | 15 | 1.4 | - | - |
| File:Flag of South Korea.svg South Korea | 8 | 0.7 | - | - |
| File:Flag of Singapore.svg Singapore | 10 | 1.0 | - | 2013 03 |
| File:Flag of the Republic of China.svg Taiwan | 12 | 1.2 | - | 2007 07 |
| File:Flag of Vietnam.svg Vietnam | 16 | 2.2 | - | 2007 03[3] |
(All values in mg/cigarette and must be reported on packs (see exceptions below).)
Although many countries in the region do not impose formal ceilings, some still request that tar and nicotine yield values be indicated on the pack (India, Indonesia, Japan). In Brunei, Malaysia and Vietnam, on the other hand, measured values must only be reported to the government.
HARA<BE
Eastern Europe and former CIS
| Country | Tar | Nicotine | CO | As of |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| File:Flag of Albania.svg Albania | 10 | 1 | 10 | 2007 05 |
| File:Flag of Armenia.svg Armenia | 14[4] | 1.2 | - | 2005 12 |
| File:Flag of Belarus.svg Belarus | 14 | 1.2 | - | - |
| File:Flag of Croatia.svg Croatia | 12 | - | - | - |
| Template:Country data Georgia | 10 | 1 | - | 2005 04 |
| File:Flag of Kazakhstan.svg Kazakhstan | 14[4] | 1.2 | - | 2003 07 |
| File:Flag of Kyrgyzstan.svg Kyrgyzstan | 14[4] | 1.2 | - | |
| File:Flag of North Macedonia.svg Macedonia | 10 | 1 | 10 | 2008 03 |
| File:Flag of Moldova.svg Moldova | 15 | 1.2 | - | 2008 01[5] |
| File:Flag of Montenegro.svg Montenegro | 10 | 1 | 10 | 2004 02 |
| File:Flag of Russia.svg Russia | 10 | 1 | 10 | 2010 06 |
| File:Flag of Serbia.svg Serbia | 14[6] | 1.4 | 14 | 2007 01 |
| File:Flag of Turkmenistan.svg Turkmenistan | 16 | 1.4 | - | - |
| File:Flag of Ukraine.svg Ukraine | 15[7] | 1.3 | - | 1997 07 |
| File:Flag of Uzbekistan.svg Uzbekistan | 16 | 1.4 | - | - |
(All values in mg/cigarette and must be reported on packs.)
While Kosovo should soon enact regulation imposing ceilings, Bosnia-Herzegovina only requires tar and nicotine yields to be indicated, without imposing maximal values.
European Union/EFTA
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(All values in mg/cigarette.)
Current regulations are based on European Union directive Script error: No such module "citation/CS1". (220 KiB)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".. All yields must be indicated on the side of the pack with a minimum surface area of 10%, except for Belgium, Cyprus, Finland, Luxembourg, Malta (12%), Liechtenstein & Switzerland (15%) and Italy (20%).
The maximum levels have been previously limited to 15 mg tar (1992), then to 12 mg tar (01-1998), without maximum levels for nicotine and CO.
Middle East
| Country | Tar | Nicotine | CO | As of |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| File:Flag of Bahrain.svg Bahrain | 10 | 0.6 | 12 | 1995 01 |
| File:Flag of Jordan.svg Jordan | 10 | 1 | 15 | 2004 01 |
| File:Flag of Kuwait.svg Kuwait | 10 | 0.6 | 12 | 1995 01 |
| File:Flag of Oman.svg Oman | 10 | 0.6 | 12 | 1995 01 |
| Template:Country data Palestinian Authority | 25 | 1.6 | - | 2005 07 |
| File:Flag of Qatar.svg Qatar | 10 | 0.6 | 12 | 1995 01 |
| File:Flag of Saudi Arabia.svg Saudi Arabia | 10 | 0.6 | 12 | 1995 01 |
| File:Flag of the Syrian revolution.svg Syria | 13 | 1.1 | 10.5 | 2007 01 |
| File:Flag of Turkey.svg Turkey | 12 | 1 | 10 | 2007 01 |
| File:Flag of the United Arab Emirates.svg UAE | 10 | 0.6 | 12 | 1995 01 |
| File:Flag of Yemen.svg Yemen | 12 | 0.8 | - | 1995 01 |
(All values in mg/cigarette and must be reported on packs (see exceptions below.)
The Palestinian Authority and Yemen do not require tar and nicotine values to be indicated on the packs' side.
Notes and references
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- ↑ ISO methods 3308 (general conditions), 4387 (tar), 8454 (CO) and 10315 (nicotine).
- ↑ WHO Scientific Advisory Committee on Tobacco Product Regulation. Recommendation on Health Claims Derived from ISO/FTC Method to Measure Cigarette Yield. 2002
- ↑ Tar/Nicotine ceilings will be gradually lowered in two-year intervals from 22/2 mg on March 17, 2008, to 16/1.4 mg on March 17, 2014
- ↑ a b c For filter cigarettes. Non filter: 16 mg tar and 1.3 mg nicotine
- ↑ According to the Ministry of Agriculture Draft Law, the Max. Yield of Tar/Nicotine/CO for filter cigarettes suggested to be as follows: as of 01.01.2008 - 15/1,2 (+CO regulated); as of 01.01.2010 - 12/1,0/14; as of 01.01.2012 - 10/1,0/10 respectively.
- ↑ As of January 2008 respective T/N/CO ceilings will be 12.0, 1.3, 13.0; as of January 2009 10.0, 1.2, 12.0; as of January 2010 10.0, 1.1, 11.0; as of January 2011 10.0, 1.0, 10.0.
- ↑ Ceiling values in Ukraine to be lowered to 12 mg and 1.2 mg/cigarette for tar and nicotine, respectively, as of Jan. 1, 2009
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