Synallaxis

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Synallaxis is a genus of birds in the ovenbird family, Furnariidae. It is one of the most diverse genera in the family and is composed of small birds that inhabit dense undergrowth across tropical and subtropical habitats in the Neotropical region. Some species show contrasting plumage patterns involving rufous crown and wing patches and black throat patches but they are difficult to see as they keep ensconced in vegetation most of the time. Most species show the long graduated tail with pointy feathers that is typical of spinetails. They are also characterized by constructing large domed nests with stick, including a long entrance tube. Some species can be difficult to distinguish from one another on the basis of their plumage, but can be told apart by their vocalizations, which can be quite distinctive.[1]

Taxonomy

File:Synallaxis albescens -Piraju, Sao Paulo, Brazil-8.jpg
Synallaxis albescens

The genus Synallaxis was introduced in 1818 by the French ornithologist Louis Pierre Vieillot.[2] The name is from the Ancient Greek sunallaxis meaning "exchange".[3] Vieillot did not specify a type species but in 1840 George Gray designated the rufous-capped spinetail.[4][5]

The genus contains 37 species:[6]

Image Scientific name Common Name Distribution
File:Synallaxis scutata - Ochre-cheeked Spinetail; Poções, Bahia, Brazil.jpg Ochre-cheeked spinetail Synallaxis scutata Brazil, eastern Bolivia and northwestern Argentina
File:Synallaxis cinerascens - Grey-bellied Spinetail; Intervales State Park, São Paulo, Brazil.jpg Grey-bellied spinetail Synallaxis cinerascens southern Brazil, eastern Paraguay,
Uruguay and Selva Misionera
File:Synallaxis gujanensis - Plain-crowned Spinetail; Amazon river island, Itacoatiara, Amazonas, Brazil.jpg Plain-crowned spinetail Synallaxis gujanensis Guianas, southern Amazonia and Colombia
File:Synalaxis simoni Araguaia Spinetail, river Araguaia, Aruanã, Goiás, Brazil.jpg Araguaia spinetail Synallaxis simoni Goiás
File:Synallaxis albilora.jpg White-lored spinetail Synallaxis albilora Pantanal
File:Synallaxis maranonica 119779653.jpg Maranon spinetail Synallaxis maranonica lower Marañón River
File:Synallaxis hypochondriaca - Great Spinetail.jpg Great spinetail Synallaxis hypochondriaca upper Marañón River
File:Synallaxis stictothorax chinchipensis - Necklaced (Chinchipe) Spinetail.jpg Chinchipe spinetail Synallaxis chichipensis Chinchipe and Maranon river
File:Synallaxis stictothorax stictothorax - Necklaced Spinetail.jpg Necklaced spinetail Synallaxis stictothorax Tumbes
File:Synallaxis zimmeri - Russet-bellied Spinetail; Ancash, Peru.jpg Russet-bellied spinetail Synallaxis zimmeri western Peru
File:Slaty Spinetail (Synallaxis brachyura) (5771900689).jpg Slaty spinetail Synallaxis brachyura Central America and Tumbes-Chocó-Magdalena
File:Synallaxis subpudica - Silvery-throated Spinetail.jpg Silvery-throated spinetail Synallaxis subpudica Cordillera Oriental (Colombia)
File:Parque Nacional do Catimbau Almir das Neves Araujo (10).jpg Red-shouldered spinetail Synallaxis hellmayri Caatinga
File:Synallaxis ruficapilla -Sitio Arapongal, Registro, Sao Paulo, Brasil-8.jpg Rufous-capped spinetail Synallaxis ruficapilla southern Atlantic Forest
File:Synallaxis cinerea - Bahia Spinetail; Boa Nova, Bahia, Brazil.jpg Bahia spinetail Synallaxis cinerea Bahia
File:Synallaxis infuscata - Pinto's Spinetail.jpg Pinto's spinetail Synallaxis infuscata Pernambuco forests
- Dusky spinetail Synallaxis moesta eastern Northern Andes
File:Synallaxis macconnelli obscurior McConnell's Spinetail; Serra do Navio, Amapá, Brazil.jpg McConnell's spinetail Synallaxis macconnelli tepuis and Guiana Shield
File:Synallaxis cabanisi Cabanis's Spinetail; Satipo, Junín, Peru.jpg Cabanis's spinetail Synallaxis cabanisi eastern Central Andes
File:Synallaxis hypospodia - Cinereous-breasted Spinetail; Uberaba, Minas Gerais, Brazil.jpg Cinereous-breasted spinetail Synallaxis hypospodia Cerrado, Caatinga and central Southern Amazonia
File:Synallaxis spixi - Chicli Spinetail; Bertioga, São Paulo, Brazil.jpg Spix's spinetail Synallaxis spixi northeastern Brazil to northeastern Argentina
- Dark-breasted spinetail Synallaxis albigularis western Amazonia
File:Synallaxis beverlyae - Rio Orinoco Spinetail; eastern Venezuela.jpg Rio Orinoco spinetail Synallaxis beverlyae Venezuela
File:Synallaxis albescens -Piraju, Sao Paulo, Brazil-8.jpg Pale-breasted spinetail Synallaxis albescens South America
File:Synallaxis frontalis -Piraju, Sao Paulo, Brazil-8.jpg Sooty-fronted spinetail Synallaxis frontalis central/eastern South America
File:Synallaxis azarae 76608368.jpg Azara's spinetail Synallaxis azarae Andes
File:Synallaxis courseni - Apurímac Spinetail; Abancay, Apurímac, Perú.jpg Apurimac spinetail Synallaxis courseni Ampay
File:Synallaxis candei - White-whiskered Spinetail.jpg White-whiskered spinetail Synallaxis candei northern Colombia and northwestern Venezuela
File:Synallaxis erythrothorax - Rufous-breasted Spinetail (cropped).jpg Rufous-breasted spinetail Synallaxis erythrothorax southeastern Mexico and norther Central America
File:Synallaxis kollari - Hoary-throated Spinetail; Amajari, Roraima, Brazil.jpg Hoary-throated spinetail Synallaxis kollari Branco River and tributaries
File:Synallaxis tithys - Blackish-headed Spinetail.jpg Blackish-headed spinetail Synallaxis tithys Tumbes
File:Synallaxis fuscorufa2 (cropped).jpg Rusty-headed spinetail Synallaxis fuscorufa Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta
File:Synallaxis unirufa Chamicero de antifaz Rufous Spinetail (8441229545).jpg Rufous spinetail Synallaxis unirufa northern Andes
Black-throated spinetail Synallaxis castanea central Venezuelan Coastal Range
File:Stripe-breasted Spinetail (Synallaxis cinnamomea) (cropped).jpg Stripe-breasted spinetail Synallaxis cinnamomea mountains of northeastern Colombia and Venezuela ;
Trinidad-and-Tobago
File:Synallaxis rutilans Ruddy Spinetail; Amazonia National Park, Itaituba, Pará, Brazil (cropped).jpg Ruddy spinetail Synallaxis rutilans Amazonia
File:Synallaxis cherriei - Chestnut-throated spinetail (cropped).jpg Chestnut-throated spinetail Synallaxis cherriei Amazonia (scattered range)

Formerly, some authorities also considered the following species as species within the genus Synallaxis:

References

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External links

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