List of wars involving Sweden
(Redirected from Swedish wars)
Template:Short description Script error: No such module "Unsubst". Script error: No such module "Unsubst".
Script error: No such module "Sidebar".
This is a list of wars and war-like conflicts involving Sweden.
- REDIRECT Template:Legend inline
- REDIRECT Template:Legend inline
- REDIRECT Template:Legend inline
*e.g. result unknown or indecisive/inconclusive, result of internal conflict inside Sweden, status quo ante bellum, or a treaty or peace without a clear result.
Kingdom of Sweden (800–1397)
| Conflict | Sweden and its allies | Sweden's opposition | Outcome |
|---|---|---|---|
| Swedish–Gothic wars (500–800) Location: Sweden |
Svealand | Geats | Consolidation of Swedes and Goths into a unified kingdom. |
| Swedish slave revolts (500s) Location: Sweden |
Svealand | Thralls | Slaves depose the king of Sweden and win their freedom. |
| Ingvars raid of Estonia (600s) Location: Estonia |
Svealand | Estonians | Estonian Victory[1] |
| Anunds raid of Estonia (700s) Location: Estonia |
Svealand | Estonians | Swedish Victory |
| Battle of Brávellir (750s) Location: Brávellir |
Svealand Estonians | Danes (tribe) Wends Geats | Swedish Victory Eastern Geatland falls under Swedish dominion |
| Paphlagonian expedition of the Rus' | Rus'/Swedish Vikings | Byzantine Empire | Successful raid |
| Swedish expedition to Courland (854) | Sweden | Curonians | Swedish victory |
| Swedish raids in the Mediterranean Sea (859)
Location: Mediterranean Sea, Spain, Italy Luni, Italy |
Swedes (Germanic tribe) | Islamic Spain Carolingian Empire |
Swedish victory[2][3] |
| Swedish expedition to Courland (862) | Sweden | Curonians | Swedish victory |
| Swedish wars of conquest in Eastern Europe (850s-870) Location: Eastern Europe |
Swedes (Germanic tribe) | Slavs Curonians Semigallians Finnic peoples. |
Swedish victory establishment of control over the Route from the Varangians to the Greeks and Starya Ladoga route. |
| Great Heathen Army (865–878) | Vikings | Wessex Northumbria Mercia East Anglia | Swedes, Norwegians and Danes under Ragnar Lodbrok sons occupies England and establishes the Danelaw |
| Caspian expeditions of the Rus' (913–1041) | Template:Tree list | Khazars Abbasid Caliphate | Swedes establish trade routes |
| Olof the Brashs conquest of Denmark (900s) Location: Denmark |
Swedes (Germanic tribe) | Denmark | Swedish victory |
| Feud of the Sviatoslavichi (970s) Location: Kievan Rus |
Vladimir the Great | Oleg's coalition | Vladimir the Great victorious |
| Jomsviking–Swedish War (980s) Location: Uppsala |
Sweden | Jomsviking | Swedish Victory [4] |
| Eric the Victorious invasion of Denmark (990s)
Location: Hedeby Baltic Sea |
Sweden | Denmark | Swedish Victory [5] |
| Swedish invasion of the Holy Roman Empire (990s) |
Sweden Denmark |
Template:FlagiconHoly Roman Empire | Unclear results[7] |
| Olof Skötkonungs attack on Denmark
Location: In Denmark |
Sweden | Denmark | Swedish victory
|
| Viking expedition to Wendland
Location: In Wendland |
Sweden | Wends | Successful expedition |
| Battle of Svolder (999–1000) |
Sweden Denmark Jarls of Lade |
Norway | Swedish victory |
| Swedish Norwegian war (1015–1018)
|
Sweden | Norway | Norwegian victory[8] |
| Battle of Helgeå | Sweden Norway |
North Sea Empire Kingdom of England |
Anglo-Danish victory |
| Battle of Stiklestad
Location: In Stiklestad |
Sweden Olaf II of Norway | North Sea Empire |
Anglo-Danish victory |
| Swedish support for Magnus invasion of Norway (1035) | Sweden Magnus the Good | North Sea Empire | Swedish victory Magnus the Good becomes king of Norway defeats the Danish forces |
| (1042) Ingvar the Far-Travelleds expedition
Location: Georgia (country) |
Varangians | File:Byzantine imperial flag, 14th century.svg Byzantine Empire | Swedish defeat |
| Yaroslav the Wise and Mstislav of Chernigovs civil war
Battle of Listven (1024) Location: Ukraine Russia |
Kievan Rus' | Mstislav of Chernigov | Swedish defeat |
| Swedish–Norwegian War (1063)
Location: Vänern |
Sweden | Kingdom of Norway | Swedish defeat |
| Swedish–Norwegian War (1099–1101)
Location: Unknown |
Sweden | Norway | Inconclusive |
| First Swedish Crusade (1150) Location: Unknown |
Sweden | Finns | Eventual incorporation of Southwest Finland into the Swedish kingdom |
| Sweyn III's invasion of Småland (1153) | Sweden | Denmark | Invasion failed |
| Harald Skraengs uprising (1182) | Harald Skraeng Sweden |
Denmark | Uprising quelled |
| Pillage of Sigtuna (1187) Location: Sigtuna |
Sweden | Pagans from Eastern Baltic (probably Estonians or Karelians) |
Sigtuna is sacked. Archbishop Johannes of Uppsala is killed. |
| Battle of Lihula (1220) | Sweden | Oeselians | Death of jarl Karl the Deaf |
| Värmland campaign (1225/1249)[9] Location: Värmland |
Sweden | Norway | Peace of Lödöse |
| Öselborn's attack on Sweden (1226)[10] Location: Unknown |
Sweden | Öselborn's | The Öselborn's take plunder and hostages |
| Attack on Tavastia (1227–1228)[11] Location: Unknown |
Sweden | Novgorod | Indecisive |
| Battle of Olustra (1229)[12]
Location: Södermanland or Östergötland |
Eric XI | Knut Långe | Victory for Knut Långe
|
| Eric XI's reinstatement war (1234)[13] Location: Unknown |
Eric XI
|
Knut Långe | Victory for Eric XI
|
| Livonian Crusade (13th century) |
Crusade | Pagans (Indigenous peoples) | Crusader victory. However, the Swedish expedition ended in disaster |
| Tavastian uprising (1236–1237) Location: Finland |
Sweden | Tavastians Novgorod Karelians |
Uprising crushed
|
| Battle of Neva (1240) | Swedes, Norwegians, Finns and Tavastians | Novgorod Republic and Karelians | Novgorodian victory. |
| First Folkung Uprising (1247)[14] Location: Sweden |
Sweden | Folkung | Victory of the Swedish king |
| Second Swedish Crusade (1249–1250) Location: Finland |
Sweden | Tavastians | Area of Tavastians and south-western Finland fall to Swedish rule, Häme Castle is founded |
Folkung era (1250–1389)
| Conflict | Sweden and its allies | Sweden's opposition | Outcome |
|---|---|---|---|
| Template:Ill (1251)[15] Location: Sweden |
Sweden | Folkung | Swedish victory
|
| Campaign against Narva (1256–1257)[16] Location: Unknown |
Sweden
|
Novgorod | Neither side achieved much success |
| The war against Valdemar Birgersson (1275) |
Valdemar's Forces | Duke Magnus's Forces | Valdemar, King of Sweden is deposed Magnus Ladulås is crowned king of Sweden. |
| 6000 mark war (1276–1278) |
Sweden | Denmark | Danish victory
|
| Template:Ill (1278–1280)[17] Location: Sweden |
Sweden | Folkung | Victory of the Swedish king
|
| Ladoga Campaign (1283–1284)[18] Location: Unknown |
Sweden | Novgorod | Indecisive |
| War in Gotland (1288)
Location: Gotland |
Visby | Gotland | Victory for Visby |
| Swedish campaign against the Karelians and Izhorians (1292) Location: Unknown |
Sweden | Karelians Izhorians |
Swedish defeat[19] |
| Third Swedish Crusade (1293–1295) Location: Finland |
Sweden | Karelians Novgorod republic |
Swedish victory
|
| Neva Campaign (1300–1301)[20] Location: Neva river |
Sweden | Novgorod | Landskrona captured by Novgorod |
| Swedish Brother's Feud (1304–1310)
Location: Sweden |
Birger Magnusson | Duke Eric and Valdemar | Victory for Birger Magnusson, death of Valdemar and Duke Eric |
| War on Gotland (1313)[21] Location: Gotland |
Sweden | Gotland | Gutes agree to pay an increased tax to the Swedish king. |
| Tavastian war (1311–1314)[22] Location: Tavastia |
File:Royal Banner of Sweden (14th Century).svg Sweden | Novgorod Republic | Indecisive |
| Uprisings in Hälsingland and Småland (1316–1317)[23] Location: Unknown |
Sweden | Rebels in Hälsingland and Småland | Insurgents lose their property after a verdict by King Birger |
| Attack on Åbo (1318)[24] Location: Åbo |
Sweden | Novgorod Republic | Novgorodians burn the outskirts of Åbo |
| War of Deposition against Birger Magnusson (1317–1319)[25] Location: Sweden |
Birger Magnusson | Insurgents loyal to the Dukes Valdemar and Erik | Birger is deposed |
| Kexholm war (1321–1323)[26] Location: Unknown |
Sweden | Novgorod | Treaty of Nöteborg |
| Swedish–Novgorodian Wars (1142–1323) Location: Finland |
File:Royal Banner of Sweden (14th Century).svg Sweden
Template:Flagicon Norway (1319–1323) |
Novgorod Republic | Treaty of Nöteborg (1323) |
| Campaign against Ingeborg (1323)[27] Location: Sweden |
Swedish–Norwegian Union | Ingeborg of Norway | Peace of Skara
|
| Mats Kettilmundssons war against Reval (1325–1326)[28] Location: Unknown |
Swedish–Norwegian Union (Mats Kettilmundsson) | Reval | Mats Kettilmundsson dies before any confrontations take place, peace signed in 31 May 1326 |
| Sten bielkes war against Novgorod (1338–1339)[29] Location: Novgorod |
Swedish–Norwegian Union | Novgorod | Peace signed in either August or September 1339.
|
| Johan Offessons Uprising (1339)[30] Location: Sweden |
Swedish–Norwegian Union | Johan Offesson | Lindholm Castle is destroyed, and Johan is forced to give Skytts and Oxie to the king |
| Kalundborg War (1341–1343)[31] Location: Sweden |
Swedish–Norwegian Union | Denmark | Swedish-Norwegian victory
|
| Saint George's Night Uprising (1343–1345)[32]
Location: Unknown |
Swedish–Norwegian Union Estonians |
Denmark Teutonic Order |
Indecisive
|
| Magnus's war against Russia (1348–1351)[33] Location: Unknown |
Swedish–Norwegian Union | Novgorod | Truce of Dorprat
|
| Campaign between Magnus and his son (1356–1359)[34] Location: Unknown |
Magnus IV | Eric | According to the arbitration in Jönköping, Sweden is divided between Magnus and Erik, this ends after Eric's death in 1359 |
| Valdemar Atterdags reconquest of Scania (1360)[35] Location: Scania |
Swedish–Norwegian Union | Denmark | Denmark conquers all of Scania |
| Valdemar Atterdags conquest of Gotland (1361)[36] Location: Gotland |
Swedish–Norwegian Union | Denmark | Denmark conquers Gotland |
| Danish–Hanseatic War (1361–1370)
Location: Northern Germany, Scandinavia, and the Baltic Sea |
Template:Tree list First phase (1361–1365)
Template:Tree list/end Template:Tree listSecond phase (1367–1370)
|
First phase (1361–1365)
File:State Banner of Denmark (14th Century).svg Kingdom of Denmark Second phase (1367–1370) File:State Banner of Denmark (14th Century).svg Kingdom of Denmark |
First phase: Danish victory
Second phase: Hanseatic victory Hanseatic League gains control over several forts in Scania |
| War of deposition against Magnus (1363–1371)[37] Location: Unknown |
Magnus IV | Albert of Mecklenburg | Albert becomes king of Sweden |
| Swedish involvement in the Danish war of succession (1379–1381)[38] Location: Unknown |
Sweden | Denmark | Truce signed in 1381 |
| Invasion of Scania (1384)[39][40] Location: Unknown |
Sweden | Denmark | Truce likely signed in 1384
|
| War of deposition against Albrekt of Mecklenburg[41] (1388–1395) |
Sweden | Denmark | Margaret I becomes regent |
| Attack on Jama[42] (1395) |
Sweden Kalmar Union |
Novgorod Republic | Indecisive |
| Northern Ladoga Campaign[43] (1396) |
Sweden Kalmar Union |
Novgorod Republic | Indecisive |
.svg){kind=link}
.svg){kind=link}
Union of Kalmar (1397–1521)
| Conflict | Sweden and its allies | Sweden's opposition | Outcome |
|---|---|---|---|
| Campaign against the Victual Brothers[44] (1395–1398) |
Sweden Kalmar Union |
Victual Brothers | The Victual Brothers surrender their fortresses in Sweden |
| War in Gotland (1398) | Template:Flagdeco Sweden Template:Flagicon Kalmar Union |
Template:Flagicon Teutonic Order | Gotland is conquered by the Teutonic Order |
| Campaign against Knut Bosson Grip[45] (1398) |
Sweden Kalmar Union |
Knut Bosson Grip | Grip surrenders his Finnish fortresses to the crown. |
| Novgorod's attack in the north (1399)[46] Location: Unknown |
Sweden Kalmar Union |
Novgorodian Republic | Indecisive |
| War in Gotland (1403–1404)
Location: Unknown |
Sweden Kalmar Union |
Teutonic Order | Teutonic victory |
| Engelbrekt rebellion (1434–1436) |
Sweden | Kalmar Union | Swedish victory |
| Pukefejden (1436–1437) |
Charles VIII of Sweden | Erik Puke | Erik Puke is executed |
| War against the Flemingar (1437)[47] |
Sweden | Flemingar | Indecisive |
| Rebellion in Östergötaland (1437)[48] Location: Östergötland |
Sweden | Rebels in Östergötaland | Uprising crushed |
| Värmland rebellion (1437–1438)[49] Location: Värmland |
Sweden | Rebels in Värmland | Uprising crushed |
| David's Rebellion (1438–1439) |
Sweden | Tavastian insurgents | Uprising quelled |
| Karl Knutssons campaign against Eric of Pomerania (1439–1440)[50] |
Sweden | Eric of Pomerania | The remaining fortresses loyal to Eric fall |
| Karl Knutssons campaign against Novgorod (1444)[51] |
Sweden | Novgorodian Republic | Swedish victory |
| War in Gotland (1446)[52] |
Sweden Kalmar Union |
Eric of Pomerania | Indecisive |
| Novgorods war against Karl Knutsson (1448)[53] |
Sweden | Novgorodian Republic | Indecisive |
| War on Gotland (1448–1449) | Template:Flagdeco Sweden | File:Kong Erik av Pommern PI XX 1.jpg Eric of Pomerania Template:Flagicon Denmark |
Swedish failure |
| War for Norway (1448–1451) | Template:Flagdeco Sweden | File:Flag of Denmark.svg Denmark | Danish victory |
| Karl Knutssons war against Denmark (1449–1457)[54] |
Sweden | Denmark | Christian I fails to retake the Swedish throne |
| War of Deposition against Karl Knutsson (1457)[55] |
Sweden | Jöns Bengtsson Oxenstierna | Christian I becomes King of Sweden |
| Battle of Haraker (1464) |
Sweden | Denmark | Karl Knutsson regains the throne |
| Second War of deposition against Karl Knutsson (1464–1465)[56] |
Sweden | Jöns Bengtsson Oxenstierna | Jöns Bengtsson takes power |
| War of deposition against Jöns Bengtsson Oxenstierna (1466–1467)[57] Location: Sweden |
Template:Flagdeco Sweden | Jöns Bengtsson Oxenstierna File:Flag of Denmark.svg Denmark |
Karl Knutsson retakes the throne |
| Dano-Swedish War (1468–1469)[58] Location: Sweden |
Template:Flagdeco Sweden | File:Flag of Denmark.svg Denmark | Christian I fails to retake the throne |
| Erik Karlsson Vasa's Uprising (1469–1470)[59] Location: Sweden |
Template:Flagdeco Sweden | File:COA-family-sv-Vasa medeltid.png Erik Karlsson Vasa | Uprising crushed |
| Dano-Swedish War (1469–1470)[60] Location: Sweden |
Template:Flagdeco Sweden | File:Flag of Denmark.svg Denmark | Christian I fails to retake the throne |
| Dano-Swedish War (1470–1471) (1470–1471) Location: Sweden |
Template:Flagdeco Sweden | File:Flag of Denmark.svg Denmark | Swedish Victory |
| First campaign to Livonia (1473–1475)[61] Location: Unknown |
Sweden | Teutonic Order | Indecisive |
| Tott's first Russian war (1475―1476)[62] Location: Finland |
Sweden | Grand Duchy of Moscow | Truce in December 1475 or early 1476 |
| Second campaign to Livonia (1478)[63] Location: Unknown |
Sweden | Teutonic Order | Indecisive
|
| Tott's second Russian war (1479–1482)[64] Location: Finland |
Sweden | Grand Duchy of Moscow | Truce in Novgorod 17 January 1482
|
| Third campaign to Livonia (1485–1486/1488)[65] Location: Unknown |
Sweden | Teutonic Order | Indecisive, peace signed in 1488. |
| Sten Sture's war against the Totts (1487)[66] Location: Sweden |
Template:Flagdeco Sweden | File:COA family sv Tott.svg Tott | Tott family's power is reduced Gotland falls into Danish control |
| Russo-Swedish War (1495–1497) (1495–1497)[67] Location: Sweden |
Template:Flagdeco Sweden | Grand Duchy of Moscow | Swedish victory |
| Battle of Rotebro (1497) |
Template:Flagdeco Sweden | File:Flag of Denmark.svg Denmark | Danish victory
|
| Border conflict at Nyslott (1499) Location: Nyslott |
Template:Flagdeco Sweden | Grand Duchy of Moscow | Swedish Victory
|
| War of Deposition against King Hans (1501–1503) Location: Sweden |
Template:Flagdeco Sweden | File:Flag of Denmark.svg Denmark | Swedish Victory
|
| Dano-Swedish War (1501–1512) (1501–1512) Location: Sweden |
Template:Flagdeco Sweden File:Tre Rosor Norway.JPG Norwegian rebels (1501–1504) File:Flag of the Free City of Lübeck.svg Free City of Lübeck (1509–12) |
File:Flag of the Kalmar Union.svg Kalmar Union | Treaty of Malmö:
|
| Dano-Swedish War (1512–1520) (1512–1520) Location: Sweden |
Template:Flagdeco Sweden | File:Flag of the Kalmar Union.svg Kalmar Union | Surrender of Stockholm:
|
| Swedish War of Liberation (1521–23)[67] Location: Scandinavia |
Template:Flagdeco Sweden File:Flag of the Free City of Lübeck.svg Free City of Lübeck (from 1522) |
File:Flag of the Kalmar Union.svg Kalmar Union | Kingdom of Sweden proclaims independence |
.svg){kind=link}
Vasa era (1523–1611)
.svg){kind=link}
.svg){kind=link}
.svg){kind=link}
Swedish Empire (1611–1721)
.svg){kind=link}
.svg){kind=link}
Age of Liberty (1718–1772)
.svg){kind=link}
Gustavian era (1772–1809)
.svg){kind=link}
.svg){kind=link}
Kingdom of Sweden (1809–present)
.svg){kind=link}
.svg){kind=link}
.svg){kind=link}
.svg){kind=link}
.svg){kind=link}
.svg){kind=link}
See also
- List of Swedish peacekeeping missions
- Realm of Sweden
- Dominions of Sweden
- List of Swedish monarchs
- List of Swedish military commanders
- List of Swedish field marshals
- List of Swedish regiments
Notes
<templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />
Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />
Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
References
Citations
<templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />
- ↑ Scandinavians were defeated in a battle in Saaremaa (in Estonian) https://ekspress.delfi.ee/artikkel/32908835/skandinaavlased-said-saaremaal-suures-lahingus-tappa
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Thunberg, Carl L. (2012). Slaget på Fyrisvallarna i ny tolkning (The Battle of Fýrisvellir in a New Interpretation). Retrieved 5 January 2021.
- ↑ Lagerqvist, Lars O., Sveriges regenter från forntid till nutid, Norstedts förlag, Stockholm 1996. ISBN 91-1-963882-5 (andra upplagan) Lagerqvist, Lars O., Sveriges regenter från forntid till nutid, Norstedts förlag, Stockholm 1996. ISBN 91-1-963882-5 (andra upplagan) pages 27–30
- ↑ Erik Segersäll (1953) Sture Bolin. https://sok.riksarkivet.se/Sbl/Presentation.aspx?id=15407 Script error: No such module "webarchive".
- ↑ Adam av Bremen (1984) pp. 87–8 (Book II, Chapters 31–32).
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1". Online at Pennan & Svärdet (archived)
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Norwegian nobles supported, fought and send troops to aid in the war.
- ↑ Norwegian Catholic nobles supported Christian II.
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Hrushevsky (2003), pp. 327ff.
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ The Taliban's new leadership is allied with al Qaeda Script error: No such module "webarchive"., The Long War Journal, 31 July 2015
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ a b Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ a b Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ a b Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ a b Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ a b Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ a b c Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1". Script error: No such module "Unsubst".Template:Cbignore
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
Bibliography
<templatestyles src="Refbegin/styles.css" />
- Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
Template:Country topics Script error: No such module "Navbox".