Sundanese script
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Standard Sundanese script (Aksara Sunda Baku, Template:Sund) is a traditional writing system used by Sundanese people to write Sundanese language. It is built based on Old Sundanese script (Aksara Sunda Kuno) which was used from the 14th to the 18th centuries.[1]
History
Old Sundanese was developed based on the Pallava script of India,[2] and was used from the 14th until the 18th centuries. The last manuscript written in Old Sundanese script was Carita Waruga Guru.[2] From the 17th to the 19th centuries, Sundanese was mostly spoken and not written.[2] Javanese and Pegon scripts were used to write Sundanese during this period.[2] In 1996, the government of West Java announced a plan to introduce an official Sundanese script, and in October 1997, the Old Sundanese script was chosen and renamed to Aksara Sunda.[3]
Typology
The standardized script has 32 basic characters-- seven vowels, 23 consonants, and thirteen phonetic diacriticals (Template:Langx). There are also numerals from zero to nine.
Consonants
Each consonant (Template:Langx) carries an inherent vowel 'a', so that each consonant letter is pronounced as a syllable. The original eighteen consonants are ka-ga-nga, ca-ja-nya, ta-da-na, pa-ba-ma, ya-ra-la, wa-sa-ha.
An additional five consonants, fa-va-qa-xa-za have been added in order to improve the script as a tool for recording the development of the Sundanese language, especially regarding the adoption of foreign words and sounds. The new glyphs have been developed through re-use of letters found in the old Sundanese script. For example, the letters fa and va are variants of Old Sundanese pa; qa and xa are variants of Old Sundanese ka; and za is a variant of Old Sundanese ja.
There are two non-standard consonants, kha and sha, used for transcribing the Arabic consonants خ and ش.
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Vowels
There are seven independent vowels, a, é, i, o, u, e, and eu, each of which has an independent form and a rarangkén or diacritic. A basic consonant-vowel syllable is formed by adding a vowel diacritic to a consonant. The vowel diacritic replaces the consonant's inherent 'a' or, in the case of the "killer stroke" (Script error: No such module "Lang".) removes the vowel entirely, creating an isolated consonant.
Consonant diacritics
Additional diacritics are used to alter the consonants of a syllable.
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Numerals
In texts, numbers are written surrounded by dual pipes | ... |, for example, the year 2020 is written |Template:Sund|.
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Punctuation
In modern usage, Latin punctuation is used. Old Sundanese, though, was written using its own set of punctuation symbols. Sequences such as Template:Sund, Template:Sund, which contains a Template:Langx, and Template:Sund, which contains a Template:Langx, are used to mark liturgical texts. Template:Sund, which contains a Template:Langx, denoted a historical text. Template:Sund is also sometimes used as a full stop, with Template:Sund acting as a comma. Template:Langx was also used as a comma.
The punctuation symbols resembling letters with stripes (Template:Langx, Template:Langx, and Template:Langx) originated as versions of the letters Template:Langx, Template:Langx, and one half of the letter Template:Langx. Another symbol of unclear meaning is the Template:Langx, based on the archaic syllable Template:Langx.[4]
Sample text
Article 1 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights
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"All human beings are born free and equal in dignity and rights. They are endowed with reason and conscience and should act towards one another in a spirit of brotherhood."
Unicode
Sundanese script was added to the Unicode Standard in April 2008 with the release of version 5.1. In version 6.3, the support of pasangan and some characters from Old Sundanese script were added.
Blocks
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The Unicode block for Sundanese is U+1B80–U+1BBF. The Unicode block for Sundanese Supplement is U+1CC0–U+1CCF.
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Gallery
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A Sundanese lontar manuscript written in the Sundanese script.
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The first page from manuscript of Carita Waruga Guru which use the Old Sundanese script and the Old Sundanese language.
See also
References
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External links
- Kairaga - Comprehensive information site regarding Sundanese font developing effort
- Sundanese - Latin Online Transliteration and Sundanese Unicode FontTemplate:Category handler[<span title="Script error: No such module "string".">usurped]Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
- Sundanese Keyboard - ᮘᮞ ᮞᮥᮔ᮪ᮓ (basa sunda) Keyboard at branah.com
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