Suaeda

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Suaeda is a genus of plants also known as seepweeds[1] and sea-blites. Most species are confined to saline or alkaline soil habitats, such as coastal salt-flats and tidal wetlands. Many species have thick, succulent leaves, a characteristic seen in various plant genera that thrive in salty habitats (halophile plants).

There are about 110 species in the genus Suaeda.[2]

The most common species in northwestern Europe is S. maritima. It grows along the coasts, especially in saltmarsh areas, and is known in Britain as "common sea-blite", but as "herbaceous seepweed" in the USA. It is also common along the east coast of North America from Virginia northward. One of its varieties is common in tropical Asia on the land-side edge of mangrove tidal swamps. Another variety of this polymorphic species is common in tidal zones all around Australia (Suaeda maritima var. australis is also classed as S. australis). On the coasts of the Mediterranean Sea a common Suaeda species is S. vera. This is known as "shrubby sea-blite" in English. It grows taller and forms a bush.

The name Suaeda comes from an oral (non-literary) Arabic name for the Suaeda vera species transliterated as Script error: No such module "lang"., Script error: No such module "lang". or Script error: No such module "lang".,[3] and it was assigned as the genus name by the 18th century taxonomist Peter Forsskål during his visit to the Red Sea area in the early 1760s.[2][4] Forsskål's book, Flora Aegyptiaco-Arabica, published 1775, in Latin, declares Suæda as a newly created genus name, with the name taken from an Arabic name Suæd and presents the species members of the new genus.[5]

The genus includes plants using either C3 or C4 carbon fixation. The latter pathway evolved independently three times in the genus and is now used by around 40 species. S. aralocaspica, classified in its own section Borszczowia, uses a particular type of C4 photosynthesis without the typical "Kranz" leaf anatomy.[6][7][8]

Uses

In the medieval and early post-medieval centuries suaeda was harvested and burned, and the ashes were processed as a source for sodium carbonate for use in glass-making; see glasswort.

In Mexico, some species such as Suaeda pulvinata, called romeritos, are cooked in a traditional festive dish called either revoltijo or romeritos. It is also eaten as wild greens (quelites), or as edible herbs grown as part of the crop-growing system called milpa.

Species

93 species are accepted.[9]

  • Suaeda acuminata (C.A.Mey.) Moq.Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  • Suaeda aegyptiaca (Hasselq.) ZoharyScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  • Suaeda altissima (L.) Pall.Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  • Suaeda anatolica (Aellen) Sukhor.Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  • Suaeda aralocaspica (Bunge) Freitag & SchützeScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". – formerly known as Borszczowia aralocaspica
  • Suaeda arbusculoides L.S.Sm.Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  • Suaeda arctica Jurtzev & V.V.PetrovskyScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  • Suaeda arcuata BungeScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  • Suaeda argentinensis A.SorianoScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  • Suaeda arguinensis MaireScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  • Suaeda articulata AellenScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  • Suaeda asphaltica (Boiss.) Boiss.Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". – Asphaltic seablite
  • Suaeda australis (R.Br.) Moq.Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". – Austral seablite
  • Suaeda braun-blanquetii (Pedrol & Castrov.) Rivas Mart., Cantó & Sánchez MataScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  • Suaeda caboverdeana Rivas Mart., Lousã, J.C.Costa & Maria C.DuarteScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  • Suaeda caespitosa DodScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  • Suaeda calceoliformis (Hook.) Moq.Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". – Pursh seepweed, broom seepweed, horned seablite
  • Suaeda californica S.WatsonScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". – California seablite
  • Suaeda carnosissima PostScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  • Suaeda conferta (Small) I.M.Johnst.Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". – beach seepweed
  • Suaeda corniculata (C.A.Mey.) BungeScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  • Suaeda cucullata AellenScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  • Suaeda dendroides (C.A.Mey.) Moq.Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  • Suaeda densiflora Giusti ex BrignoneScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  • Suaeda divaricata Moq.Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  • Suaeda edulis Flores Olv. & NoguezScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  • Suaeda eltonica IljinScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  • Suaeda esteroa Ferren & S.A.WhitmoreScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". – estuary seablite
  • Suaeda foliosa Moq.Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  • Suaeda fruticosa Forssk. ex J.F.Gmel.Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  • Suaeda × genesiana Pedrol & Castrov.Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  • Suaeda glauca (Bunge) BungeScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  • Suaeda heterophylla (Kar. & Kir.) Bunge ex Boiss.Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  • Suaeda ifniensis Caball. ex MaireScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  • Suaeda inflata AellenScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  • Suaeda iranshahrii Akhani & FreitagScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  • Suaeda jacoensis I.M.Johnst.Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  • Suaeda japonica MakinoScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".[10]
  • Suaeda khalijefarsica AkhaniScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  • Suaeda kocheri Guss. ex C.Brullo, Brullo & GiussoScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  • Suaeda kossinskyi IljinScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  • Suaeda kulundensis Lomon. & FreitagScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  • Suaeda lehmannii (Bunge) Kapralov, Akhani & RoalsonScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  • Suaeda linearis (Elliott) Moq.Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". – annual seepweed, narrow-leaf seablite
  • Suaeda linifolia Pall.Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  • Suaeda malacosperma H.HaraScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  • Suaeda maritima (L.) Dumort.Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  • Suaeda merxmuelleri AellenScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  • Suaeda mexicana (Standl.) Standl.Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". – Mexican seepweed
  • Suaeda micromeris BrenanScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  • Suaeda microphylla Pall.Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  • Suaeda microsperma (C.A.Mey.) FenzlScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  • Suaeda monodiana MaireScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  • Suaeda monoica Forssk. ex J.F.Gmel.Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  • Suaeda moschata A.J.ScottScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  • Suaeda multiflora Phil.Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  • Suaeda nesophila I.M.Johnst.Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  • Suaeda neuquenensis M.A.Alonso, Contic. & CerazoScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  • Suaeda nigra (Raf.) J.F.Macbr.Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". – bush seepweed, romerillo
  • Suaeda nigrescens I.M.Johnst.Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  • Suaeda novae-zelandiae AllanScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  • Suaeda nudiflora (Willd.) Moq.Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  • Suaeda occidentalis (S.Watson) S.WatsonScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". – western seepweed
  • Suaeda olufsenii PaulsenScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  • Suaeda palaestina Eig & ZoharyScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  • Suaeda palmeri (Standl.) Standl.Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  • Suaeda pannonica BeckScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  • Suaeda paradoxa (Bunge) BungeScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  • Suaeda patagonica Speg.Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  • Suaeda pelagica Bartolo, Brullo & P.PavoneScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  • Suaeda physophora Pall.Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  • Suaeda plumosa AellenScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  • Suaeda prostrata Pall.Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  • Suaeda pruinosa LangeScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  • Suaeda pterantha (Kar. & Kir.) BungeScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  • Suaeda puertopenascoa M.C.Watson & FerrenScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  • Suaeda pulvinata Alvarado Reyes & Flores Olv.Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  • Suaeda rigida H.W.Kung & G.L.ChuScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  • Suaeda rolandii Bassett & CromptonScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". – Roland's seablite
  • Suaeda salina B.Nord.Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  • Suaeda salsa (L.) Pall.Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  • Suaeda scabra Lomon.Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  • Suaeda sibirica Lomon. & FreitagScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  • Suaeda spicata (Willd.) Moq.Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  • Suaeda splendens (Pourr.) Gren. & Godr.Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  • Suaeda stellatiflora G.L.ChuScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  • Suaeda tampicensis (Standl.) Standl.Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". – coastal seepweed
  • Suaeda taxifolia (Standl.) Standl.Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". – woolly seablite
  • Suaeda tschujensis Lomon. & FreitagScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  • Suaeda turgida G.L.ChuScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  • Suaeda turkestanica Litv.Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  • Suaeda tuvinica Lomon. & FreitagScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  • Suaeda vera Forssk. ex J.F.Gmel.Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  • Suaeda vermiculata Forssk. ex J.F.Gmel.Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".

References

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  1. ↑ Script error: No such module "template wrapper".
  2. ↑ a b Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  3. ↑ Article Soda, by Arnald Steiger, year 1937, on pages 74-75
  4. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  5. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  6. ↑ Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".
  7. ↑ Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".
  8. ↑ Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1". Template:Open access
  9. ↑ Cite error: Script error: No such module "Namespace detect".Script error: No such module "Namespace detect".
  10. ↑ Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".

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