Sternbergia lutea
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Sternbergia lutea, the winter daffodil,[1][2] autumn daffodil, fall daffodil, lily-of-the-field, or yellow autumn crocus,Template:Efn is a bulbous flowering plant in the family Amaryllidaceae, subfamily Amaryllidoideae,[3] in the Narcisseae tribe, which is used as an ornamental plant. It has yellow flowers which appear in autumn.
The Latin specific epithet lutea means "yellow".[4]
Description
Sternbergia lutea has a wide distribution from the Balearic Islands in the Western Mediterranean through to Tajikistan in Central Asia.[5] It dies down to a bulb during the summer. Leaves first appear in the autumn (September to November in its native habitats), and are glossy green, up to 12 mm wide; they remain through the winter.
Deep yellow flowers appear soon after the leaves, with six tepals around 3–3.5 cm long,[6] six yellow stamens and a style with a single stigma.
Smaller forms with narrower leaves (up to 5 mm wide) and narrower tepals (3–12 mm rather than 10–20 mm) have been separated off under various names (e.g. S. lutea var. graeca, S. sicula).[6]
Subspecies
Three subspecies are accepted.[7]
- Sternbergia lutea subsp. greuteriana (Kamari & R.Artelari) StridScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". (synonyms Sternbergia greuteriana Kamari & R.ArtelariScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". and S. minoica RavennaScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".) – Crete
- Sternbergia lutea subsp. lutea (synonyms Sternbergia angustifolia KrelageScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". and S. aurantiaca DinsmScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".) – southern Europe to western Asia, the Caucasus, and Tajikistan
- Sternbergia lutea subsp. sicula (Tineo ex Guss.) K.Richt.Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". (synonyms Oporanthus siculus (Tineo ex Guss.) Parl.Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". and S. sicula Tineo ex Guss.Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".) – Italy, Sicily, Greece, Crete, and western Turkey
Cultivation
Sternbergia lutea is hardy to USDA hardiness zones 7–9 (−18 to −1 °C) depending on the degree of protection given.[8] It can be grown outside in the British Isles in well-drained soil; a warm dry period in summer is required for good flowering. Alkaline soils are recommended. Bulbs are usually planted while dormant (i.e. in late summer or early autumn), but can be lifted and divided before the leaves die down in late spring.[6]
This plant has gained the Royal Horticultural Society's Award of Garden Merit.[9][10]
A vigorous form with narrow leaves is grown in gardens under the name S. lutea var. angustifolia.[6]
Notes
References
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- ↑ Template:BSBI 2007
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- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1"., search for "Sternbergia lutea"
- ↑ a b c d Script error: No such module "citation/CS1"., p. 157–159
- ↑ Sternbergia lutea (L.) Ker Gawl. ex Spreng. Plants of the World Online. Retrieved 24 August 2024.
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External links
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- Amaryllidoideae
- Plants described in 1753
- Taxa named by Carl Linnaeus
- Flora of the Balearic Islands
- Flora of Sardinia
- Flora of Spain
- Flora of Southeastern Europe
- Flora of Central Asia
- Flora of Turkmenistan
- Flora of Tajikistan
- Flora of the Caucasus
- Flora of Western Asia