List of U.S. state and territory mottos

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File:Seal of California.svg
Eureka, the motto of California on its state seal
File:Seal of Colorado.svg
Nil sine numine, the motto of Colorado on its state seal
File:2008 HI Proof.png
Ua Mau ke Ea o ka ʻĀina i ka Pono, the motto of Hawaii on its state quarter
File:2002 IN Proof.png
Crossroads of America, the motto of Indiana on its state quarter
File:Great Seal of the State of Kansas Colored.svg
Ad astra per aspera, the motto of Kansas on its state seal
File:2000 NH Proof.png
Live Free or Die, the motto of New Hampshire on its state quarter
File:Seal of Oklahoma.svg
Labor omnia vincit, the motto of Oklahoma on its state seal
File:Seal of South Carolina.svg
South Carolina has two state mottos on its state seal
File:2001 VT Proof.png
Freedom and Unity, the motto of Vermont on its state quarter
File:Seal of Missouri.svg
Salus populi suprema lex esto, the motto of Missouri on its state seal

All of the United States' 50 states have a state motto, as do the District of Columbia and 3 of its territories. A motto is a phrase intended to formally describe the general motivation or intention of an organization. State mottos can sometimes be found on state seals or state flags. Some states have officially designated a state motto by an act of the state legislature, whereas other states have the motto only as an element of their seals. The motto of the United States itself is In God We Trust, proclaimed by Congress and signed into law by President Dwight D. Eisenhower on July 30, 1956.[1] The motto "Script error: No such module "Lang"." (Latin for 'out of many, one') was approved for use on the Great Seal of the United States in 1782, but was never adopted as the national motto through legislative action.

South Carolina has two official mottos, both which are in Latin.[2] Kentucky, North Dakota, and Vermont also have two mottos, one in Latin and the other in English.[3][4] All other states and territories have only one motto, except for Guam and the Northern Mariana Islands, which do not have any mottos.[5] English and Latin are the most-used languages for state mottos, each used by 25 states and territories. Seven states and territories use another language, of which each language is only used once. Eight states and two territories have their mottos on their state quarter; thirty-eight states and four territories have their mottos on their state seals.

The dates given are, where possible, the earliest date that the motto was used in an official sense. Some state mottos are not official but are on the official state seal; in these cases the adoption date of the seal is given. The earliest use of a current motto is that of Puerto Rico, Script error: No such module "Lang"., granted to the island by the Spanish in 1511.[6]

State, federal district and territory mottos

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Jurisdiction Motto English translation Language Date Template:Reference heading
Alabama Script error: No such module "Lang". We dare defend our rights Latin Template:Dts [7]
Alaska North to the Future — English Template:Dts [8]
American Samoa Script error: No such module "Lang". Samoa, let Atua be first Samoan Template:Dts [9]
Arizona Script error: No such module "Lang". God enriches Latin Template:Dts [10][11]
Arkansas Script error: No such module "Lang".[N 1] The people rule Latin Template:Dts [12]
California Eureka (Script error: No such module "Lang".) I have found it Greek Template:Dts[N 2] [13]
Colorado Script error: No such module "Lang". Nothing without providence Latin Template:Dts [14]
Connecticut Script error: No such module "Lang". He who transplanted still sustains Latin Template:Dts [15]
Delaware Liberty and Independence — English Template:Dts [16]
District of Columbia Script error: No such module "Lang". Justice for all Latin Template:Dts [17]
Florida In God We Trust — English Template:Dts[N 3] [18]
Georgia Wisdom, Justice, Moderation[N 4] — English Template:Dts [20][21][19]
Guam — — — — [5]
Hawaiʻi Script error: No such module "Lang". The life of the land is perpetuated in righteousness/*The sovereignty of the land is perpetuated in righteousness
  • When first said by King Kamehameha (Kauikeaouli) in July 1843. It originally meant "The sovereignty of the land is perpetuated in righteousness." The State of Hawaiʻi letter translate the saying as "The life of the land is perpetuated in righteousness." In Hawaiian, Ea means life and also sovereignty, leading to this slight difference in translation.
 Hawaiian Template:Dts[N 5] [23][22]
Idaho Script error: No such module "Lang". Let it be perpetual Latin Template:Dts [24]
Illinois State sovereignty, national union — English Template:Dts [25]
Indiana Crossroads of America — English Template:Dts [26]
Iowa Our liberties we prize and our rights we will maintain — English Template:Dts [27]
Kansas Script error: No such module "Lang". To the stars through difficulties Latin Template:Dts [28]
Kentucky United we stand, divided we fall — English Template:Dts [3]
Script error: No such module "Lang". Let us be grateful to God Latin 2002 [29]
Louisiana Union, justice, confidence — English Template:Dts [30]
Maine Script error: No such module "Lang". I lead Latin Template:Dts [31]
Maryland Script error: No such module "Lang". Strong deeds, gentle words Italian Template:Dts [32][33]
Massachusetts Script error: No such module "Lang". By the sword we seek peace, but peace only under liberty Latin Template:Dts [34]
Michigan Script error: No such module "Lang". If you seek a pleasant peninsula, look about you Latin Template:Dts [35][36]
Minnesota Script error: No such module "Lang".[N 6] The star of the North French Template:Dts [37]
Mississippi Script error: No such module "Lang". By valor and arms Latin Template:Dts [38]
Missouri Script error: No such module "Lang". Let the welfare of the people be the supreme law Latin Template:Dts [39]
Montana Script error: No such module "Lang". Gold and silver Spanish Template:Dts [40]
Nebraska Equality before the law — English Template:Dts [41]
Nevada All For Our Country[N 7] — English Template:Dts [42]
New Hampshire Live Free or Die — English Template:Dts [43]
New Jersey Liberty and prosperity — English Template:Dts [44]
New Mexico Script error: No such module "Lang". It grows as it goes Latin Template:Dts[N 8] [45]
New York Script error: No such module "Lang". Ever upward Latin Template:Dts [46]
North Carolina Script error: No such module "Lang". To be, rather than to seem Latin Template:Dts [47]
North Dakota Liberty and union, now and forever, one and inseparable — English Template:Dts [48][49]
Script error: No such module "Lang". One sows for the benefit of another age Latin Template:Dts [50]
Northern Mariana Islands — — — — [5]
Ohio With God, all things are possible[N 9] — English Template:Dts [52][51]
Oklahoma Script error: No such module "Lang". Labor conquers all things Latin Template:Dts[N 10] [N 11] [55][53][54]
Oregon Script error: No such module "Lang". She flies with her own wings Latin Template:Dts[N 12] [56]
Pennsylvania Virtue, liberty, and independence — English Template:Dts [57]
Puerto Rico Script error: No such module "Lang". John is his name Latin Template:Dts[N 13] [6][58]
Rhode Island Hope — English Template:Dts [59]
South Carolina Script error: No such module "Lang". While I breathe, I hope Latin Template:Dts [2]
Script error: No such module "Lang". Ready in soul and resource Latin
South Dakota Under God the people rule — English Template:Dts [60]
Tennessee Agriculture and Commerce — English Template:Dts[N 14] [61]
Texas Friendship — English Template:Dts [62]
Utah Industry — English Template:Dts[N 15] [63][64]
Vermont Freedom and Unity — English Template:Dts [65]
Script error: No such module "Lang". May the fourteenth star shine bright Latin Template:Dts [66][67]
Virginia Script error: No such module "Lang". Thus always to tyrants Latin Template:Dts [68]
U.S. Virgin Islands United in Pride and Hope — English Template:Dts [69]
Washington Script error: No such module "Lang". or Script error: No such module "Lang". (Unofficial)[N 16] By and by Chinook Jargon — [70]
West Virginia Script error: No such module "Lang". Mountaineers are always free Latin Template:Dts [71]
Wisconsin Forward — English Template:Dts [72]
Wyoming Equal Rights — English Template:Dts [73]

See also

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Notes

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  1. ↑ The motto was originally designated as Script error: No such module "Lang". in 1864. It was changed to Script error: No such module "Lang". in 1907.[12]
  2. ↑ Eureka first appeared on the state seal in 1849. It was designated the official motto in 1963.[13]
  3. ↑ "In God We Trust" first appeared on the state seal in 1868. It was designated the official motto in 2006.[18]
  4. ↑ Georgia never officially adopted a state motto; the words wisdom, justice, and moderation come from its state seal.[19]
  5. ↑ The motto of Hawaiʻi was first used by King Kamehameha III in 1843, after his restoration. In May 1845 it first appeared on the coat of arms of the Kingdom of Hawaiʻi. It was made the official motto of the State of Hawaiʻi on May 1, 1959.[22]
  6. ↑ The unofficial motto of the Minnesota Territory was Script error: No such module "Lang"., I long to see what is beyond, chosen in 1849.[37]
  7. ↑ The unofficial motto of the Nevada Territory was Script error: No such module "Lang"., 'willing and able', which was on the territorial seal approved on November 29, 1861. This was changed to the current motto after statehood.[42]
  8. ↑ Script error: No such module "Lang". was added to the territorial seal in 1882. This change was officially adopted by the legislature in 1887.[45]
  9. ↑ From 1866 to 1868, the motto Script error: No such module "Lang". (Latin for 'Empire within an Empire') appeared on the state seal.[51]
  10. ↑ Script error: No such module "Lang". was on the territorial seal of 1893.[53]
  11. ↑ It was specified as a feature of the seal in the 1907 State Constitution.[54]
  12. ↑ The motto of Oregon was "The Union" from 1957 until 1987, when the original 1854 motto of Script error: No such module "Lang". was restored. "The Union" is still present on the official state seal and flag.[56]
  13. ↑ The Spanish Crown gave Puerto Rico its coat of arms in 1511. The Commonwealth of Puerto Rico officially adopted it on March 9, 1905.[6]
  14. ↑ The words agriculture and commerce appeared on the first state seal of 1802. "Agriculture and Commerce" was made the official state motto in 1987.[61]
  15. ↑ Industry first appeared on the state seal of 1896. It was designated the official motto on March 4, 1959.[63]
  16. ↑ The motto of Washington is the only one to be fully unofficial. It is neither on the seal nor designated by the state legislature, but was present on the territorial seal.[70]

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References

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  1. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  2. ↑ a b Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  3. ↑ a b Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  4. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  5. ↑ a b c Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  6. ↑ a b c Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  7. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  8. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  9. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  10. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  11. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  12. ↑ a b Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  13. ↑ a b Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  14. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  15. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  16. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  17. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  18. ↑ a b Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  19. ↑ a b Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  20. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  21. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  22. ↑ a b Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  23. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  24. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  25. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  26. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  27. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  28. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  29. ↑ The Latin motto was adopted by HB 857 Template:Webarchive and is defined by KRS 2.105 Template:Webarchive.
  30. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  31. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  32. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  33. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  34. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  35. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  36. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  37. ↑ a b Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  38. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  39. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  40. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  41. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  42. ↑ a b Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  43. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  44. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  45. ↑ a b Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  46. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  47. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  48. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  49. ↑ Kingsbury, George. History of Dakota Territory (1915). Retrieved from the Internet Archive 12 May 2014.
  50. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  51. ↑ a b Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  52. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  53. ↑ a b Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  54. ↑ a b Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  55. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  56. ↑ a b Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  57. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  58. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  59. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  60. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  61. ↑ a b Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  62. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  63. ↑ a b Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  64. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  65. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  66. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  67. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  68. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  69. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  70. ↑ a b Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  71. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  72. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  73. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

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External links

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