Standard Schnauzer

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The SchnauzerTemplate:Efn or Mittelschnauzer is a German breed of dog in the Pinscher and Schnauzer group.[1]Template:R/superscript It is characterised by an abundant bristly beard and whiskers, usually lighter than the coat. It is one of three Schnauzer breeds, the others being the Giant Schnauzer or Riesenschnauzer, and the Miniature Schnauzer or Zwergschnauzer. In Germany it is an endangered breed, and is listed in category III of the Rote Liste of the Gesellschaft zur Erhaltung alter und gefährdeter Haustierrassen.[2]Template:R/superscript

Its development as a breed dates from the 1880s, in southern Germany.[3]Template:R/superscript It is a robust and squarely-built dog of medium size, of working or utility type; the coat may be salt-and-pepper or black. A dog of this type was exhibited in Hanover in 1879; another was "Best in Show" at the Westminster Kennel Club in the United States in 1997.[4]Template:R/superscript

History

File:Rauhhaariger Pinscher, illustration from Beckmann, Geschichte und Beschreibung der Rassen des Hundes.jpg
Wire-haired Pinscher, illustration by Template:Ill from his Geschichte und Beschreibung der Rassen des Hundes, 1895
File:StdSchnauzerHistory1915.jpg
Schnauzer of medium size, from W. E. Mason's work Dogs of All Nations (1915) prepared for the Panama–Pacific International Exposition

Neither the origin of the breed name, nor when it came into use, is known.[5]Template:R/superscript The German word Script error: No such module "Lang". means 'snout', while both Script error: No such module "Lang". and Script error: No such module "Lang". mean 'walrus moustache'.[6]Template:R/superscript The word Script error: No such module "Lang". appears in the Bilder und Sagen aus der Schweiz of Jeremias Gotthelf, published in 1842.[5]Template:R/superscript 'Schnauz' was a common name for a dog – several dogs with this name were shown in Elberfeld in 1880.[7]Template:R/superscript At the third international dog show of the Verein zur Veredelung der Hunderassen in Hanover in 1879, a dog named 'Schnautzer' took first place in the Rauche Pinscher or Wire-haired Pinscher class.[7]Template:R/superscript

The Schnauzer originated in southern Germany;[8]Template:R/superscript it shares a common history with the German Pinscher.[9]Template:R/superscript Dogs of this type, both rough-haired and smooth-haired, were traditionally kept as carriage dogs or as stable dogs, and so were sometimes known as Script error: No such module "Lang".; they were capable ratters.[9]Template:R/superscript Both types were known as Deutscher Pinscher, and came from the same lineage; rough-haired and smooth-haired puppies could occur in the same litter.[9]Template:R/superscript The rough-haired type, which would later become the Schnauzer, was also known as the Script error: No such module "Lang"..[9]Template:R/superscript[10]Template:R/superscript

In 1880 the Pinscher was recorded in the Deutschen Hundestammbuch of the Verein zur Veredelung der Hunderassen,[11]Template:R/superscript and the first breed standard was drawn up.[5]Template:R/superscript Various colours were described for the rough-haired type, including iron-grey, silver-grey, grey-yellow, corn-yellow and rust-yellow.[5]Template:R/superscript In 1895 Template:Ill described five varieties of Pinscher – the rough- and smooth-haired Pinscher, the rough- and smooth-haired Miniature Pinscher, and the Affenpinscher.[9]Template:R/superscript[10]Template:R/superscript Also in 1895, a breed society, the Pinscherklub, was established for both types, both rough- and smooth-haired.[11]Template:R/superscript[12]Template:R/superscript Another society, the Schnauzerklub München, was formed in Munich in 1907 by breeders of the Mittelschnauzer.[12]Template:R/superscript In 1917, with the sixth edition of the stud-book, the name of the rough-haired breed was officially changed from Rauhaarige Pinscher to Schnauzer.[5]Template:R/superscript In 1918 the Pinscherklub and the Schnauzerklub München merged to form the Pinscher-Schnauzer-Verband, which in 1921 changed its name to the present Pinscher-Schnauzer-Klub 1895 e.V.[12]Template:R/superscript

In the interwar period the pepper-and-salt Schnauzer flourished, while the black was less often seen; after the end of the Second World War, the reverse was true.[12]Template:R/superscript The Schnauzer was definitively accepted by the Fédération Cynologique Internationale in 1955.[13]Template:R/superscript In the fifteen-year period from 2007 to 2021, annual registrations in Germany varied between Script error: No such module "val". and Script error: No such module "val"., with an annual average of Script error: No such module "val"..[14]Template:R/superscript

Since 2014 the pepper-and-salt Schnauzer has been on the Rote Liste of the Gesellschaft zur Erhaltung alter und gefährdeter Haustierrassen.[15]Template:R/superscript In 2022 its conservation status was listed as Script error: No such module "Lang"., 'endangered', the third-highest category of endangerment of the organisation.[2]Template:R/superscript In 2018 a total of 201 pepper-and-salt puppies were whelped in 26 litters.[16]Template:R/superscript

A few Schnauzers were exported to the United States before the outbreak of the First World War. In 1925 the Wire-Haired Pinscher Club of America was started, covering both standard-sized and miniature Schnauzers; in 1933 it was divided into two separate clubs, one of them the Standard Schnauzer Club of America.[17]Template:R/superscript

Characteristics

File:Paula vom Siebenmühlental.jpg
The black

The Schnauzer is a robust and squarely-built dog of medium size, of working or utility type. Height at the withers is usually in the range Script error: No such module "val". for both bitches and dogs, while the range for bodyweights is variously given as Script error: No such module "val".[1]Template:R/superscript or Script error: No such module "val"..[16]Template:R/superscript The coat is hard, wiry and dense, with a thick soft under-coat;[18]Template:R/superscript it may be salt-and-pepper or black. In the salt-and-pepper, the grey may vary from pale silver-grey to dark iron-grey, always with a mask of a darker shade.[12]Template:R/superscript The ears are v-shaped, are set high and hang close to the face.[1]Template:R/superscript The eyes are dark, the nose and lips are black.[12]Template:R/superscript

Median lifespan is reported to be 13 years, slightly greater than the median for all dogs, 12.5 years.[19]Template:R/superscript

Use

The Schnauzer was traditionally kept as a farm dog, with a particular aptitude for ratting. In the twenty-first century it is commonly kept as a companion animal.[20]Template:R/superscript

Notes

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References

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  1. ↑ a b c FCI-Standard N° 182: Schnauzer. Fédération Cynologique Internationale. Accessed November 2022.
  2. ↑ a b Die Rote Liste im Überblick (in German). Witzenhausen: Gesellschaft zur Erhaltung alter und gefährdeter Haustierrassen. Archived 16 October 2022.
  3. ↑ Kim Dennis-Bryan (2020 [2012])). The Complete Dog Breed Book, second edition. London: Dorling Kindersley. Template:Isbn.
  4. ↑ Best In Show Winners. Westminster Kennel Club. Archived 25 December 2007.
  5. ↑ a b c d e Hans Räber (2001 [1993]). Enzyklopädie der Rassehunde: Ursprung, Geschichte, Zuchtziele, Eignung und Verwendung, volume 1 (in German). Stuttgart: Franckh-Kosmos Verlags-Gmbh & Co. KG. Template:Isbn.
  6. ↑ Frank Richter (1995–2024). German-English translation database of Technische Universität Chemnitz. dict.zero-g.net. Accessed January 2025.
  7. ↑ a b Edward Cecil Ash (1931). The Practical Dog Book, second edition. London: Simpkin, Marshall.
  8. ↑ Deutscher Pinscher (in German). Witzenhausen: Gesellschaft zur Erhaltung alter und gefährdeter Haustierrassen. Archived 16 February 2022.
  9. ↑ a b c d e Christel Simantke (2003). Die Gefährdete Nutztierrasse des Jahres 2003: Gefährdete Haus- und Hofhunde: Von Spitzen und Pinschern (in German). Witzenhausen: Gesellschaft zur Erhaltung alter und gefährdeter Haustierrassen. Archived 6 June 2012.
  10. ↑ a b Ludwig Beckmann (1894–1895). Geschichte und Beschreibung der Rassen des Hundes (volume II, in German). Braunschweig: Druck und Verlag von Friedrich Bieweg und Sohn.
  11. ↑ a b Rasseportrait: Schnauzer (Mittelschnauzer) (in German). Remscheid: Pinscher-Schnauzer-Klub 1895 e.V. Archived 12 July 2024.
  12. ↑ a b c d e f Die Rasse des Monats: Pinscher und Schnauzer: Klub feiert 125. Jubiläum (in German). Dortmund: Verband für das Deutsche Hundewesen (VDH) e.V. Archived 5 August 2020.
  13. ↑ FCI breeds nomenclature: Schnauzer (182). Fédération Cynologique Internationale. Accessed November 2022.
  14. ↑ Welpenstatistik (in German). Dortmund: Verband für das Deutsche Hundewesen (VDH) e.V. Archived 7 September 2022.
  15. ↑ Berichte der GEH-Koordinatoren: anlässlich der GEH-Jahrestagung in Witzenhausen vom 20.- 22. Februar 2015 (in German). Witzenhausen: Gesellschaft zur Erhaltung alter und gefährdeter Haustierrassen. Archived 14 June 2018.
  16. ↑ a b Mittelschnauzer (Pfeffer und Salz) (in German). Witzenhausen: Gesellschaft zur Erhaltung alter und gefährdeter Haustierrassen. Archived 20 October 2022.
  17. ↑ Anne Fitzgerald Paramoure (1959). The Complete Miniature Schnauzer. Middleburg, Virginia: Denlinger's.
  18. ↑ Schnauzer (in German). Dortmund: Verband für das Deutsche Hundewesen (VDH) e.V. Archived 3 August 2021.
  19. ↑ Kirsten M. McMillan, Jon Bielby, Carys L. Williams, Melissa M. Upjohn, Rachel A. Casey, Robert M. Christley (2024). Longevity of companion dog breeds: those at risk from early death. Scientific Reports. 14 (1): 531. Script error: No such module "CS1 identifiers".. Template:Open access.
  20. ↑ [Bruce Fogle] (2013). The Dog Encyclopedia. London; New York: Dorling Kindersley. Template:Isbn.

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Template:German dogs Template:Pinschers and Schnauzers Template:Ratters de:Schnauzer#Mittelschnauzer

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