Soyuz-FG

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Template:Short description Script error: No such module "about". Template:Use dmy dates Script error: No such module "infobox".Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". The Soyuz-FG was an improved variant of the Soyuz-U launch vehicle from the R-7 rocket family, developed by the Progress Rocket Space Centre in Samara, Russia. It featured upgraded first and second stage engines, RD-107A and RD-108A, respectively, with enhanced injector heads that improved combustion efficiency and specific impulse. The designation "FG" refers to forsunochnaya golovka (injector head) in Russian.[1]

Soyuz-FG made its maiden flight on 20 May 2001, delivering a Progress cargo spacecraft to the International Space Station (ISS). It became the primary vehicle for launching crewed Soyuz TMA, Soyuz TMA-M, and Soyuz MS spacecraft from 2002 until its retirement in 2019.[2]

Launches occurred from the Baikonur Cosmodrome in Kazakhstan: crewed missions from Gagarin's Start (Site 1/5) and satellite launches from Site 31/6.

Design

Soyuz-FG was introduced in May 2001 as a transitional solution while the more advanced Soyuz-2 was still in development. Development of the upgraded RD-107A (boosters) and RD-108A (core) engines outpaced the rest of the Soyuz-2 rocket. The availability of the upgraded engines allowed their early use on Soyuz-FG, while Soyuz-U continued using existing engine stockpiles.[1]

The RD-107A and RD-108A engines, replaced the older RD-107 and RD-108 units, switching from 260 two-component centrifugal injectors to over 1,000 one-component injectors. This refinement enabled more complete propellant combustion, reduced high-frequency vibrations in combustion chambers, and improved specific impulse by Script error: No such module "convert"., a five percent improvement, which allowed for a payload increase of Script error: No such module "convert"..[1][3]

For uncrewed missions, Soyuz-FG could fly with a Fregat upper stage, built by Lavochkin in Khimki. The first flight of this configuration took place on 2 June 2003, with a total of ten such launches marketed by the European-Russian company Starsem.[4]

Soyuz-FG flew 70 times, with one failure on 11 October 2018 during the launch of Soyuz MS-10. A faulty sensor led to a booster collision with the core stage shortly after liftoff, triggering an emergency abort. The crew—NASA astronaut Nick Hague and Russian cosmonaut Aleksey Ovchinin—safely returned to Earth.[5]

Following the MS-15 launch on 25 September 2019, Soyuz-FG was retired in favor of the fully digital Soyuz-2, which offers more precise guidance and greater mission flexibility.[1]

Launch history

Date and time (UTC) Configuration Serial number Launch site Result Payload Remarks
20 May 2001
22:32 		Soyuz-FG К15000-001 Baikonur, Site 1/5 Template:Success Progress M1-6 ISS resupply
26 November 2001
18:24 		Soyuz-FG Ф15000-002 Baikonur, Site 1/5 Template:Success Progress M1-7 ISS resupply
Kolibri 2000
25 September 2002
16:58 		Soyuz-FG Э15000-003 Baikonur, Site 1/5 Template:Success Progress M1-9 ISS resupply
30 October 2002
16:58 		Soyuz-FG Э15000-004 Baikonur, Site 1/5 Template:Success Soyuz TMA-1 Crewed flight with 3 cosmonauts
ISS escape craft
26 April 2003
03:53 		Soyuz-FG Э15000-006 Baikonur, Site 1/5 Template:Success Soyuz TMA-2 Crewed flight with 2 cosmonauts
ISS Expedition 7
2 June 2003
18:24 		Soyuz-FG/Fregat Э15000-005/
ST-11 		Baikonur LC-31/6 rowspan=2 Template:Success Mars Express[6] Mars orbiter
Beagle 2 Mars lander
Spacecraft failed after landing
18 October 2003
05:38 		Soyuz-FG Д15000-007 Baikonur, Site 1/5 Template:Success Soyuz TMA-3 Crewed flight with 3 cosmonauts
ISS Expedition 8
27 December 2003
21:30 		Soyuz-FG/Fregat Д15000-008/
ST-12 		Baikonur, Site 31/6 Template:Success AMOS-2 Communications satellite
19 April 2004
05:19 		Soyuz-FG Ж15000-009 Baikonur, Site 1/5 Template:Success Soyuz TMA-4 Crewed flight with 3 cosmonauts
ISS Expedition 9
14 October 2004
03:06 		Soyuz-FG Ж15000-012 Baikonur, Site 1/5 Template:Success Soyuz TMA-5 Crewed flight with 3 cosmonauts
ISS Expedition 10
15 April 2005
00:46 		Soyuz-FG Ж15000-014 Baikonur, Site 1/5 Template:Success Soyuz TMA-6 Crewed flight with 3 cosmonauts
ISS Expedition 11
13 August 2005
23:28 		Soyuz-FG/Fregat Ж15000-011/
ST-13 		Baikonur, Site 31/6 Template:Success Galaxy 14 Communications satellite
1 October 2005
03:54 		Soyuz-FG П15000-017 Baikonur, Site 1/5 Template:Success Soyuz TMA-7 Crewed flight with 3 cosmonauts
ISS Expedition 12
9 November 2005
03:33 		Soyuz-FG/Fregat Ж15000-010/
ST-14 		Baikonur, Site 31/6 Template:Success Venus Express Venus orbiter
28 December 2005
05:19 		Soyuz-FG/Fregat П15000-015/
ST-15 		Baikonur, Site 31/6 Template:Success GIOVE-A Navigation satellite
30 March 2006
02:30 		Soyuz-FG П15000-018 Baikonur, Site 1/5 Template:Success Soyuz TMA-8 Crewed flight with 3 cosmonauts
ISS Expedition 13
18 September 2006
04:08 		Soyuz-FG Ц15000-023 Baikonur, Site 1/5 Template:Success Soyuz TMA-9 Crewed flight with 3 cosmonauts
ISS Expedition 14
7 April 2007
17:31 		Soyuz-FG Ц15000-019 Baikonur, Site 1/5 Template:Success Soyuz TMA-10 Crewed flight with 3 cosmonauts
ISS Expedition 15
29 May 2007
20:31 		Soyuz-FG/Fregat Ц15000-021 Baikonur, Site 31/6 Template:Success Globalstar × 4 Communications satellites
10 October 2007
13:22 [1] 		Soyuz-FG Ц15000-020 Baikonur, Site 1/5 Template:Success Soyuz TMA-11 Crewed flight with 3 cosmonauts
ISS Expedition 16
20 October 2007
20:12 		Soyuz-FG/Fregat Ц15000-022 Baikonur, Site 31/6 Template:Success Globalstar × 4 Communications satellites
14 December 2007
13:17 		Soyuz-FG/Fregat Ц15000-025 Baikonur, Site 31/6 Template:Success RADARSAT-2 Earth observation
8 April 2008
11:16 		Soyuz-FG Ш15000-024 Baikonur, Site 1/5 Template:Success Soyuz TMA-12 Crewed flight with 3 cosmonauts
ISS Expedition 17
First South Korean in space.
26 April 2008
22:16 		Soyuz-FG/Fregat П15000-016 Baikonur, Site 31/6 Template:Success GIOVE-B Navigation satellite
12 October 2008
07:01 		Soyuz-FG Ш15000-026 Baikonur, Site 1/5 Template:Success Soyuz TMA-13 Crewed flight with 3 cosmonauts
ISS Expedition 18
26 March 2009
11:49 		Soyuz-FG Ю15000-027 Baikonur, Site 1/5 Template:Success Soyuz TMA-14 Crewed flight with 3 cosmonauts
ISS Expedition 19
27 May 2009
10:34 [2] 		Soyuz-FG Ю15000-030 Baikonur, Site 1/5 Template:Success Soyuz TMA-15 Crewed flight with 3 cosmonauts
ISS Expedition 20
30 September 2009
07:14 		Soyuz-FG Б15000-029 Baikonur, Site 1/5 Template:Success Soyuz TMA-16 Crewed flight with 3 cosmonauts
ISS Expedition 21
20 December 2009
21:52 		Soyuz-FG Б15000-031 Baikonur, Site 1/5 Template:Success Soyuz TMA-17 Crewed flight with 3 cosmonauts
ISS Expedition 22
2 April 2010
04:04 		Soyuz-FG Ю15000-028 Baikonur, Site 1/5 Template:Success Soyuz TMA-18 Crewed flight with 3 cosmonauts
ISS Expedition 23
15 June 2010
21:35 		Soyuz-FG Б15000-032 Baikonur, Site 1/5 Template:Success Soyuz TMA-19 Crewed flight with 3 cosmonauts
ISS Expedition 24
7 October 2010
23:10 		Soyuz-FG Б15000-035 Baikonur, Site 1/5 Template:Success Soyuz TMA-01M Crewed flight with 3 cosmonauts
ISS Expedition 25
15 December 2010
19:09 		Soyuz-FG Б15000-034 Baikonur, Site 1/5 Template:Success Soyuz TMA-20 Crewed flight with 3 cosmonauts
ISS Expedition 26
4 April 2011
22:18 		Soyuz-FG И15000-036 Baikonur, Site 1/5 Template:Success Soyuz TMA-21 Crewed flight with 3 cosmonauts
ISS Expedition 27
7 June 2011
20:12 		Soyuz-FG И15000-037 Baikonur, Site 1/5 Template:Success Soyuz TMA-02M Crewed flight with 3 cosmonauts
ISS Expedition 28
14 November 2011
04:14 		Soyuz-FG И15000-038 Baikonur, Site 1/5 Template:Success Soyuz TMA-22 Crewed flight with 3 cosmonauts
ISS Expedition 29
21 December 2011
13:16 		Soyuz-FG Л15000-039 Baikonur, Site 1/5 Template:Success Soyuz TMA-03M Crewed flight with 3 cosmonauts
ISS Expedition 30/31
15 May 2012
03:01 		Soyuz-FG Л15000-041 Baikonur, Site 1/5 Template:Success Soyuz TMA-04M Crewed flight with 3 cosmonauts
ISS Expedition 31/32
15 July 2012
02:40 		Soyuz-FG Л15000-042 Baikonur, Site 1/5 Template:Success Soyuz TMA-05M Crewed flight with 3 cosmonauts
ISS Expedition 32/33
22 July 2012
06:41 		Soyuz-FG/Fregat Б15000-033 Baikonur, Site 31/6 Template:Success Template:Plainlist Earth observation and technology demonstration satellites
23 October 2012
10:51 		Soyuz-FG Л15000-044 Baikonur, Site 31/6 Template:Success Soyuz TMA-06M Crewed flight with 3 cosmonauts
ISS Expedition 33/34
19 December 2012
12:12 		Soyuz-FG Л15000-040 Baikonur, Site 1/5 Template:Success Soyuz TMA-07M Crewed flight with 3 cosmonauts
ISS Expedition 34/35
28 March 2013
20:43 		Soyuz-FG Е15000-043 Baikonur, Site 1/5 Template:Success Soyuz TMA-08M Crewed flight with 3 cosmonauts
ISS Expedition 35/36
28 May 2013
20:31 		Soyuz-FG Е15000-045 Baikonur, Site 1/5 Template:Success Soyuz TMA-09M Crewed flight with 3 cosmonauts
ISS Expedition 36/37
25 September 2013
20:58 		Soyuz-FG Е15000-046 Baikonur, Site 1/5 Template:Success Soyuz TMA-10M Crewed flight with 3 cosmonauts
ISS Expedition 37/38
7 November 2013
04:14 		Soyuz-FG Т15000-048 Baikonur, Site 1/5 Template:Success Soyuz TMA-11M Crewed flight with 3 cosmonauts
ISS Expedition 38/39
25 March 2014
21:17 		Soyuz-FG Т15000-047 Baikonur, Site 1/5 Template:Success Soyuz TMA-12M Crewed flight with 3 cosmonauts
ISS Expedition 39/40
28 May 2014
19:57 		Soyuz-FG Т15000-049 Baikonur, Site 1/5 Template:Success Soyuz TMA-13M Crewed flight with 3 cosmonauts
ISS Expedition 40/41
25 September 2014
20:25 		Soyuz-FG Т15000-050 Baikonur, Site 1/5 Template:Success Soyuz TMA-14M Crewed flight with 3 cosmonauts
ISS Expedition 41/42
23 November 2014
21:01 		Soyuz-FG T15000-051 Baikonur, Site 31/6 Template:Success Soyuz TMA-15M Crewed flight with 3 cosmonauts
ISS Expedition 42/43
27 March 2015
19:42 		Soyuz-FG G15000-053 Baikonur, Site 1/5 Template:Success Soyuz TMA-16M Crewed flight with 3 cosmonauts
ISS Expedition 43/44
22 July 2015
21:03 		Soyuz-FG G15000-052 Baikonur, Site 1/5 Template:Success Soyuz TMA-17M Crewed flight with 3 cosmonauts
ISS Expedition 44/45
2 September 2015
04:38 		Soyuz-FG G15000-054 Baikonur, Site 1/5 Template:Success Soyuz TMA-18M Crewed flight with 3 cosmonauts
ISS Expedition 45/46
15 December 2015
11:03 		Soyuz-FG G15000-055 Baikonur, Site 1/5 Template:Success Soyuz TMA-19M Crewed flight with 3 cosmonauts
ISS Expedition 46/47
18 March 2016
21:26 		Soyuz-FG R15000-057 Baikonur, Site 1/5 Template:Success Soyuz TMA-20M Crewed flight with 3 cosmonauts
ISS Expedition 47/48
7 July 2016
01:36 		Soyuz-FG R15000-056 Baikonur, Site 1/5 Template:Success Soyuz MS-01 Crewed flight with 3 cosmonauts
ISS Expedition 48/49
19 October 2016
08:05 		Soyuz-FG R15000-059 Baikonur, Site 31/6 Template:Success Soyuz MS-02 Crewed flight with 3 cosmonauts
ISS Expedition 49/50
17 November 2016
20:20 		Soyuz-FG R15000-060 Baikonur, Site 1/5 Template:Success Soyuz MS-03 Crewed flight with 3 cosmonauts
ISS Expedition 50/51
20 April 2017
07:13 		Soyuz-FG U15000-065 Baikonur, Site 1/5 Template:Success Soyuz MS-04 Crewed flight with 2 cosmonauts
ISS Expedition 51/52
28 July 2017
15:40 		Soyuz-FG R15000-058 Baikonur, Site 1/5 Template:Success Soyuz MS-05 Crewed flight with 3 cosmonauts
ISS Expedition 52/53
12 September 2017
21:17 		Soyuz-FG U15000-063 Baikonur, Site 1/5 Template:Success Soyuz MS-06 Crewed flight with 3 cosmonauts
ISS Expedition 53/54
17 December 2017
07:21 		Soyuz-FG R15000-061 Baikonur, Site 1/5 Template:Success Soyuz MS-07 Crewed flight with 3 cosmonauts
ISS Expedition 54/55
21 March 2018
17:44 		Soyuz-FG N15000-066 Baikonur, Site 1/5 Template:Success Soyuz MS-08 Crewed flight with 3 cosmonauts
ISS Expedition 55/56
6 June 2018
11:12 		Soyuz-FG U15000-064 Baikonur, Site 1/5 Template:Success Soyuz MS-09 Crewed flight with 3 cosmonauts
ISS Expedition 56/57
11 October 2018
08:40 		Soyuz-FG N15000-062 Baikonur, Site 1/5 Template:Failure Soyuz MS-10 Crewed flight with 2 cosmonauts
Planned for ISS Expedition 57
Aborted during ascent, crew landed safely.
16 November 2018
18:14 		Soyuz-FG N15000-068 Baikonur, Site 1/5 Template:Success Progress MS-10 ISS resupply
3 December 2018
11:31 		Soyuz-FG N15000-067 Baikonur, Site 1/5 Template:Success Soyuz MS-11 Crewed flight with 3 cosmonauts
ISS Expedition 57/58/59
14 March 2019
19:14 		Soyuz-FG N15000-070 Baikonur, Site 1/5 Template:Success Soyuz MS-12 Crewed flight with 3 cosmonauts
ISS Expedition 59/60
20 July 2019
16:28 		Soyuz-FG N15000-069 Baikonur, Site 1/5 Template:Success Soyuz MS-13 Crewed flight with 3 cosmonauts
ISS Expedition 60/61
25 September 2019[7]
13:57:43 		Soyuz-FG N15000-071 Baikonur, Site 1/5 Template:Success Soyuz MS-15 Crewed flight with 3 cosmonauts
ISS Expedition 61/62
Last flight of Soyuz-FG variant, to be replaced by Soyuz-2 for future crewed missions.

See also

File:Soyuz TMA-13 arrives at Baikonur Cosmodrome launch pad.jpg
The Soyuz TMA-13 spacecraft arrives at the launch pad at the Baikonur Cosmodrome in Kazakhstan 10 October 2008.

Notes

Template:Notelist

References

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External links

Template:Sister project

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