Sophistical Refutations
Template:Short description Template:Italic title Template:Sidebar with collapsible lists Sophistical Refutations (Template:Langx; Template:Langx) is a text in Aristotle's Organon in which he identified thirteen fallacies.[note 1] According to Aristotle, this is the first work to treat the subject of deductive reasoning in ancient Greece (Soph. Ref., 34, 183b34 ff.).
Overview
On Sophistical Refutations[1][2] consists of 34 chapters. The book naturally falls in two parts: chapters concerned with tactics for the Questioner (3–8 and 12–15) and chapters concerned with tactics for the Answerer (16–32). Besides, there is an introduction (1–2), an interlude (9–11), and a conclusion (33–34).[3]
Fallacies identified
The fallacies Aristotle identifies in Chapter 4 (formal fallacies) and 5 (informal fallacies) of this book are the following:
- Fallacies in the language or formal fallacies (in dictionem):
- Equivocation
- Amphiboly
- Composition
- Division
- Accent
- Figure of speech or form of expression
- Fallacies not in the language or informal fallacies (extra dictionem):
Footnotes
- ↑ Sometimes listed as twelve.
References
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Further reading
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External links
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- HTML Greek text via Greco interattivo
- Translated by W. A. Pickard-Cambridge
- Template:Librivox book
- ChangingMinds.org: "Aristotle's 13 fallacies"
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