Solar eclipse of September 23, 1987
Template:Short description Script error: No such module "Solar eclipse". An annular solar eclipse occurred at the Moon's descending node of orbit on Wednesday, September 23, 1987,[1] with a magnitude of 0.9634. A solar eclipse occurs when the Moon passes between Earth and the Sun, thereby totally or partly obscuring the image of the Sun for a viewer on Earth. An annular solar eclipse occurs when the Moon's apparent diameter is smaller than the Sun's, blocking most of the Sun's light and causing the Sun to look like an annulus (ring). An annular eclipse appears as a partial eclipse over a region of the Earth thousands of kilometres wide. Occurring only 5 days after apogee (on September 18, 1987, at 4:00 UTC), the Moon's apparent diameter was smaller.[2]
Annularity was visible in the Soviet Union (today's Kazakhstan), China (including Shanghai), southwestern Mongolia, Okinawa Islands of Japan except Kume Island and the southwestern tip of Kerama Islands, the Federal States of Micronesia, Papua New Guinea, Solomon Islands, Rotuma Islands of Fiji, Wallis Islands and West Samoa (the name changed to Samoa later). A partial eclipse was visible for parts of South Asia, Southeast Asia, East Asia, Australia, Oceania, and Hawaii.
Observation
Five radio observation stations were present in China at the time of the eclipse, two of which were within the annularity, in Ürümqi and Shanghai respectively. A partial solar eclipse was observed from the other three, including one in Nanjing where the eclipse was close to annularity, and the rest two in Beijing and Kunming. The Department of Mathematics and Physics of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and the Chinese Astronomical Society held a meeting in Kunming in December 1986, deciding that on-site observation would be conducted at each station, among which the Shanghai Astronomical Observatory was considered to have the best location with a larger magnitude of the eclipse, longer duration and larger solar zenith angle. The Shanghai Astronomical Observatory conducted observations with seven different wave bands using a 25-metre radio telescope.[3] The Yunnan Astronomical Observatory located in Kunming also conducted a multi-band joint observation of the partial solar eclipse.[4]
The Chinese Research Institute of Radio Wave Propagation conducted observations with a high-frequency skywave radar located in Xinxiang on the southern limit of annularity. Uneven structure and motion were observed in the ionosphere, the highest operating frequency was found changed during the eclipse, and large-scale fluctuations continued after the eclipse.[5]
Eclipse details
Shown below are two tables displaying details about this particular solar eclipse. The first table outlines times at which the moon's penumbra or umbra attains the specific parameter, and the second table describes various other parameters pertaining to this eclipse.[6]
| Event | Time (UTC) |
|---|---|
| First Penumbral External Contact | 1987 September 23 at 00:15:50.5 UTC |
| First Umbral External Contact | 1987 September 23 at 01:20:19.5 UTC |
| First Central Line | 1987 September 23 at 01:22:07.2 UTC |
| First Umbral Internal Contact | 1987 September 23 at 01:23:55.0 UTC |
| First Penumbral Internal Contact | 1987 September 23 at 02:33:48.6 UTC |
| Greatest Duration | 1987 September 23 at 02:45:44.7 UTC |
| Equatorial Conjunction | 1987 September 23 at 02:54:28.0 UTC |
| Ecliptic Conjunction | 1987 September 23 at 03:09:08.4 UTC |
| Greatest Eclipse | 1987 September 23 at 03:12:21.6 UTC |
| Last Penumbral Internal Contact | 1987 September 23 at 03:51:20.8 UTC |
| Last Umbral Internal Contact | 1987 September 23 at 05:01:01.1 UTC |
| Last Central Line | 1987 September 23 at 05:02:46.3 UTC |
| Last Umbral External Contact | 1987 September 23 at 05:04:31.2 UTC |
| Last Penumbral External Contact | 1987 September 23 at 06:08:54.0 UTC |
| Parameter | Value |
|---|---|
| Eclipse Magnitude | 0.96337 |
| Eclipse Obscuration | 0.92807 |
| Gamma | 0.27869 |
| Sun Right Ascension | 11h58m25.1s |
| Sun Declination | +00°10'17.1" |
| Sun Semi-Diameter | 15'56.2" |
| Sun Equatorial Horizontal Parallax | 08.8" |
| Moon Right Ascension | 11h58m55.2s |
| Moon Declination | +00°23'45.5" |
| Moon Semi-Diameter | 15'07.6" |
| Moon Equatorial Horizontal Parallax | 0°55'30.9" |
| ΔT | 55.7 s |
Eclipse season
Script error: No such module "Labelled list hatnote". This eclipse is part of an eclipse season, a period, roughly every six months, when eclipses occur. Only two (or occasionally three) eclipse seasons occur each year, and each season lasts about 35 days and repeats just short of six months (173 days) later; thus two full eclipse seasons always occur each year. Either two or three eclipses happen each eclipse season. In the sequence below, each eclipse is separated by a fortnight.
| September 23 Descending node (new moon) |
October 7 Ascending node (full moon) |
|---|---|
| File:SE1987Sep23A.png | File:Lunar eclipse chart close-1987Oct07.png |
| Annular solar eclipse Solar Saros 134 |
Penumbral lunar eclipse Lunar Saros 146 |
Related eclipses
Eclipses in 1987
- A hybrid solar eclipse on March 29.
- A penumbral lunar eclipse on April 14.
- An annular solar eclipse on September 23.
- A penumbral lunar eclipse on October 7.
Metonic
- Preceded by: Solar eclipse of December 4, 1983
- Followed by: Solar eclipse of July 11, 1991
Tzolkinex
- Preceded by: Solar eclipse of August 10, 1980
- Followed by: Solar eclipse of November 3, 1994
Half-Saros
- Preceded by: Lunar eclipse of September 16, 1978
- Followed by: Lunar eclipse of September 27, 1996
Tritos
- Preceded by: Solar eclipse of October 23, 1976
- Followed by: Solar eclipse of August 22, 1998
Solar Saros 134
- Preceded by: Solar eclipse of September 11, 1969
- Followed by: Solar eclipse of October 3, 2005
Inex
- Preceded by: Solar eclipse of October 12, 1958
- Followed by: Solar eclipse of September 1, 2016
Triad
- Preceded by: Solar eclipse of November 22, 1900
- Followed by: Solar eclipse of July 24, 2074
Solar eclipses of 1986–1989
This eclipse is a member of a semester series. An eclipse in a semester series of solar eclipses repeats approximately every 177 days and 4 hours (a semester) at alternating nodes of the Moon's orbit.[7]
| Solar eclipse series sets from 1986 to 1989 | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ascending node | Descending node | |||||
| Saros | Map | Gamma | Saros | Map | Gamma | |
| 119 | April 9, 1986 File:SE1986Apr09P.png Partial |
−1.0822 | 124 | October 3, 1986 File:SE1986Oct03H.png Hybrid |
0.9931 | |
| 129 | March 29, 1987 File:SE1987Mar29H.png Hybrid |
−0.3053 | 134 | September 23, 1987 File:SE1987Sep23A.png Annular |
0.2787 | |
| 139 | March 18, 1988 File:SE1988Mar18T.png Total |
0.4188 | 144 | September 11, 1988 File:SE1988Sep11A.png Annular |
−0.4681 | |
| 149 | March 7, 1989 File:SE1989Mar07P.png Partial |
1.0981 | 154 | August 31, 1989 File:SE1989Aug31P.png Partial |
−1.1928 | |
Saros 134
This eclipse is a part of Saros series 134, repeating every 18 years, 11 days, and containing 71 events. The series started with a partial solar eclipse on June 22, 1248. It contains total eclipses from October 9, 1428 through December 24, 1554; hybrid eclipses from January 3, 1573 through June 27, 1843; and annular eclipses from July 8, 1861 through May 21, 2384. The series ends at member 72 as a partial eclipse on August 6, 2510. Its eclipses are tabulated in three columns; every third eclipse in the same column is one exeligmos apart, so they all cast shadows over approximately the same parts of the Earth.
The longest duration of totality was produced by member 11 at 1 minutes, 30 seconds on October 9, 1428, and the longest duration of annularity will be produced by member 52 at 10 minutes, 55 seconds on January 10, 2168. All eclipses in this series occur at the Moon’s descending node of orbit.[8]
| Series members 32–53 occur between 1801 and 2200: | ||
|---|---|---|
| 32 | 33 | 34 |
| File:SE1807Jun06H.png June 6, 1807 |
File:SE1825Jun16H.png June 16, 1825 |
File:SE1843Jun27H.png June 27, 1843 |
| 35 | 36 | 37 |
| File:SE1861Jul08A.png July 8, 1861 |
File:SE1879Jul19A.png July 19, 1879 |
File:SE1897Jul29A.png July 29, 1897 |
| 38 | 39 | 40 |
| File:SE1915Aug10A.png August 10, 1915 |
File:SE1933Aug21A.png August 21, 1933 |
File:SE1951Sep01A.png September 1, 1951 |
| 41 | 42 | 43 |
| File:SE1969Sep11A.png September 11, 1969 |
File:SE1987Sep23A.png September 23, 1987 |
File:SE2005Oct03A.png October 3, 2005 |
| 44 | 45 | 46 |
| File:SE2023Oct14A.png October 14, 2023 |
File:SE2041Oct25A.png October 25, 2041 |
File:SE2059Nov05A.png November 5, 2059 |
| 47 | 48 | 49 |
| File:SE2077Nov15A.png November 15, 2077 |
File:SE2095Nov27A.png November 27, 2095 |
File:SE2113Dec08A.png December 8, 2113 |
| 50 | 51 | 52 |
| File:SE2131Dec19A.png December 19, 2131 |
File:SE2149Dec30A.png December 30, 2149 |
File:SE2168Jan10A.png January 10, 2168 |
| 53 | ||
| File:SE2186Jan20A.png January 20, 2186 | ||
Metonic series
The metonic series repeats eclipses every 19 years (6939.69 days), lasting about 5 cycles. Eclipses occur in nearly the same calendar date. In addition, the octon subseries repeats 1/5 of that or every 3.8 years (1387.94 days). All eclipses in this table occur at the Moon's descending node.
| 21 eclipse events between July 11, 1953 and July 11, 2029 | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| July 10–11 | April 29–30 | February 15–16 | December 4 | September 21–23 |
| 116 | 118 | 120 | 122 | 124 |
| File:SE1953Jul11P.png July 11, 1953 |
File:SE1957Apr30A.png April 30, 1957 |
File:SE1961Feb15T.png February 15, 1961 |
File:SE1964Dec04P.png December 4, 1964 |
File:SE1968Sep22T.png September 22, 1968 |
| 126 | 128 | 130 | 132 | 134 |
| File:SE1972Jul10T.png July 10, 1972 |
File:SE1976Apr29A.png April 29, 1976 |
File:SE1980Feb16T.png February 16, 1980 |
File:SE1983Dec04A.png December 4, 1983 |
File:SE1987Sep23A.png September 23, 1987 |
| 136 | 138 | 140 | 142 | 144 |
| File:SE1991Jul11T.png July 11, 1991 |
File:SE1995Apr29A.png April 29, 1995 |
File:SE1999Feb16A.png February 16, 1999 |
File:SE2002Dec04T.png December 4, 2002 |
File:SE2006Sep22A.png September 22, 2006 |
| 146 | 148 | 150 | 152 | 154 |
| File:SE2010Jul11T.png July 11, 2010 |
File:SE2014Apr29A.png April 29, 2014 |
File:SE2018Feb15P.png February 15, 2018 |
File:SE2021Dec04T.png December 4, 2021 |
File:SE2025Sep21P.png September 21, 2025 |
| 156 | ||||
| File:SE2029Jul11P.png July 11, 2029 | ||||
Tritos series
Template:Solar Tritos series 2009 July 22
Inex series
Template:Solar Inex series 2016 September 1
Notes
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References
- Earth visibility chart and eclipse statistics Eclipse Predictions by Fred Espenak, NASA/GSFC
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